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EC number: 927-344-2 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Genetic toxicity: in vivo
Some information in this page has been claimed confidential.
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vivo mammalian somatic cell study: cytogenicity / erythrocyte micronucleus
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1994
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: According to or similar to guideline study OECD 474.
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
Reference
- Endpoint:
- in vivo mammalian somatic cell study: cytogenicity / erythrocyte micronucleus
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1994
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: According to or similar to guideline study OECD 474.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 474 (Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- micronucleus assay
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- CD-1
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
Source: Charles River Breeding Laboratories, Inc.
Sex: Male (65), Female (65)
Age at study initiation: Approximately 9-10 weeks
Weight at study initiation: 23-39g
Housing: Individually
Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Purina Certified Rodent 5002 chow (pellets), ad libitum
Water (e.g. ad libitum): Automatic watering system, ad libitum
Acclimation period: 35d
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
Temperature (°F): 68-76
Humidity (%): 40-70%
Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12 - Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- Corn oil was used. Dose volume did not exceed 10 ml/kg bw.
- Details on exposure:
- The animals were randomly divided into 5 dose groups: 4 of the dose groups contained 30 mice (15 males and 15 females). The animals in the first 4 groups were treated with corn oil (the vehicle control) or with 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 g/kg test material. Doses were administered by oral gavage: dosing volumes were 10 mL/kg. Five male and five female mice from each group were sacrificed 24, 48, or 72 hr after treatment, and the bone marrows were isolated and examined for the presence of micronuclei. The last test group contained 10 mice (5 males and 5 females), which were given 40 mg/kg cyclophosphamide by intraperitoneal injection. All of these mice were sacrificed 24 hr after test material administration.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Animals were sacrificed 24, 48, and 72 hours after dose administration.
- Frequency of treatment:
- One dose was given of either vehicle control or with 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 g/kg test material.
- Post exposure period:
- Animals were sacrificed 24, 48, and 72 hours after dose administration.
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 g/kg
Basis:
actual ingested
oral gavage - No. of animals per sex per dose:
- The animals were randomly divided into 5 dose groups: 4 of the dose groups contained 30 mice (15 males and 15 females). The animals in the first 4 groups were treated with corn oil (the vehicle control), or with 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 g/kg test material. Marrows were isolated and examined for the presence of micronuclei. The last test group contained 10 mice (5 males and 5 females), which were given 40 mg/kg cyclophosphamide.
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Positive control(s):
- The positive control, cyclophosphamide was administered as a single intraperitoneal injection (40 mg/kg) using water as a carrier.
- Tissues and cell types examined:
- Erythrocytes derived from femur bone marrow.
- Details of tissue and slide preparation:
- Immediately following the sacrifice of the animals, both femurs were removed and the bone marrow was removed and suspended in fetal bovine serum. After the suspension was centrifuged the pellet was resuspended and smears were prepared (two slides per animal).
- Evaluation criteria:
- Slides were stained using acridine orange; polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) stained red/orange, nonchromatic erythrocytes (NCE) are unstained (dull green), and micronuclei stain bright yellow. Slides were evaluated at 400x by fluorescent microscopy. A total of 1000 erythrocytes were counted from each animal, and the numbers of polychromatic (PCE) and normochromatic (NCE) erythrocytes were tabulated. To determine micronucleus (MN) frequency, 1000 PCEs were examined and the number of MN per 1000 PCEs was reported.
- Statistics:
- Statistical analysis included calculation of means and standard deviations as well as a standard one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at each time period. When the ANOVA was significant, comparisons of vehicle-treated to dosed group means were made according to Duncans Multiple Range test. A standard regression analysis was performed to test for dose-response relationships. Sexes were analyzed separately.
- Key result
- Sex:
- male/female
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Toxicity:
- no effects
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- None of the five test materials produced an increase in micronucleus frequency regardless of sex or sampling time. Additionally, there was no evidence of bone marrow depression. The positive control (cyclophosphamide) produced a significant increase in micronucleus formation, and the vehicle control values fell within the normal control limits.
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results: negative
These data indicate that kerosenes are not cytotoxic and are not clastogenic in CD-1 mouse bone marrow cells at doses up to and including 5.0 g/kg of body weight. Classification is not warranted under the new Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling, and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP) or under the Directive 67/518/EEC for dangerous substances and Directive 1999/45/EC for preparations. - Executive summary:
Kerosenes were tested in the mammalian bone marrow micronucleus assay using CD-1 mice. The test materials weretested at 24, 48, and 72 hour intervals following exposure and did not induce a statistically significant decrease in the mean percent of polychromatic erythrocytes or an increase in the mean number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes. Both the positive (cyclophosphamide) and the negative (carrier) controls behaved in an appropriate manner. These data indicate that kerosenes are not cytotoxic and are not clastogenic in CD-1 mouse bone marrow cells at doses up to and including 5.0 g/kg of body weight.Classification is not warranted under the new Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling, and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP) or under the Directive 67/518/EEC for dangerous substances and Directive 1999/45/EC for preparations.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 994
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 474 (Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- micronucleus assay
Test material
- Details on test material:
- turbo fuel A (CAS #64742- 47-8), CAS #8008-20-6
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- CD-1
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
Source: Charles River Breeding Laboratories, Inc.
Sex: Male (65), Female (65)
Age at study initiation: Approximately 9-10 weeks
Weight at study initiation: 23-39g
Housing: Individually
Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Purina Certified Rodent 5002 chow (pellets), ad libitum
Water (e.g. ad libitum): Automatic watering system, ad libitum
Acclimation period: 35d
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
Temperature (°F): 68-76
Humidity (%): 40-70%
Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- Corn oil was used. Dose volume did not exceed 10 ml/kg bw.
- Details on exposure:
- The animals were randomly divided into 5 dose groups: 4 of the dose groups contained 30 mice (15 males and 15 females). The animals in the first 4 groups were treated with corn oil (the vehicle control) or with 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 g/kg test material. Doses were administered by oral gavage: dosing volumes were 10 mL/kg. Five male and five female mice from each group were sacrificed 24, 48, or 72 hr after treatment, and the bone marrows were isolated and examined for the presence of micronuclei. The last test group contained 10 mice (5 males and 5 females), which were given 40 mg/kg cyclophosphamide by intraperitoneal injection. All of these mice were sacrificed 24 hr after test material administration.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Animals were sacrificed 24, 48, and 72 hours after dose administration.
- Frequency of treatment:
- One dose was given of either vehicle control or with 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 g/kg test material.
- Post exposure period:
- Animals were sacrificed 24, 48, and 72 hours after dose administration.
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 g/kg
Basis:
actual ingested
oral gavage
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- The animals were randomly divided into 5 dose groups: 4 of the dose groups contained 30 mice (15 males and 15 females). The animals in the first 4 groups were treated with corn oil (the vehicle control), or with 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 g/kg test material. Marrows were isolated and examined for the presence of micronuclei. The last test group contained 10 mice (5 males and 5 females), which were given 40 mg/kg cyclophosphamide.
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Positive control(s):
- The positive control, cyclophosphamide was administered as a single intraperitoneal injection (40 mg/kg) using water as a carrier.
Examinations
- Tissues and cell types examined:
- Erythrocytes derived from femur bone marrow.
- Details of tissue and slide preparation:
- Immediately following the sacrifice of the animals, both femurs were removed and the bone marrow was removed and suspended in fetal bovine serum. After the suspension was centrifuged the pellet was resuspended and smears were prepared (two slides per animal).
- Evaluation criteria:
- Slides were stained using acridine orange; polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) stained red/orange, nonchromatic erythrocytes (NCE) are unstained (dull green), and micronuclei stain bright yellow. Slides were evaluated at 400x by fluorescent microscopy. A total of 1000 erythrocytes were counted from each animal, and the numbers of polychromatic (PCE) and normochromatic (NCE) erythrocytes were tabulated. To determine micronucleus (MN) frequency, 1000 PCEs were examined and the number of MN per 1000 PCEs was reported.
- Statistics:
- Statistical analysis included calculation of means and standard deviations as well as a standard one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at each time period. When the ANOVA was significant, comparisons of vehicle-treated to dosed group means were made according to Duncans Multiple Range test. A standard regression analysis was performed to test for dose-response relationships. Sexes were analyzed separately.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Key result
- Sex:
- male/female
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Toxicity:
- no effects
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- None of the five test materials produced an increase in micronucleus frequency regardless of sex or sampling time. Additionally, there was no evidence of bone marrow depression. The positive control (cyclophosphamide) produced a significant increase in micronucleus formation, and the vehicle control values fell within the normal control limits.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results: negative
These data indicate that kerosenes are not cytotoxic and are not clastogenic in CD-1 mouse bone marrow cells at doses up to and including 5.0 g/kg of body weight. Classification is not warranted under the new Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling, and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP) or under the Directive 67/518/EEC for dangerous substances and Directive 1999/45/EC for preparations. - Executive summary:
Kerosenes were tested in the mammalian bone marrow micronucleus assay using CD-1 mice. The test materials weretested at 24, 48, and 72 hour intervals following exposure and did not induce a statistically significant decrease in the mean percent of polychromatic erythrocytes or an increase in the mean number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes. Both the positive (cyclophosphamide) and the negative (carrier) controls behaved in an appropriate manner. These data indicate that kerosenes are not cytotoxic and are not clastogenic in CD-1 mouse bone marrow cells at doses up to and including 5.0 g/kg of body weight.Classification is not warranted under the new Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling, and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP) or under the Directive 67/518/EEC for dangerous substances and Directive 1999/45/EC for preparations.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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