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EC number: - | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
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- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
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- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
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- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
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- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
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- Additional ecotoxological information
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- Acute Toxicity
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- Genetic toxicity
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- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_ecotoxicological-information.png)
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 24 May 2012 to 27 May 2012
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study conducted to EU and OECD test guidance in compliance with GLP.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 012
- Report date:
- 2012
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 850.5400 (Algal Toxicity, Tiers I and II) (January 2012)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Remarks:
- migrated information: powder
- Details on test material:
- Name: Reactive Red F03-0318
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Not applicable
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Analytical measurements were performed at the control and at the applied test concentration levels at the beginning and end of the test.
On each occasion three replicate samples were taken from the test solution and one sample was taken from the control solution.
The samples were analysed using HPLC system.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Separate stock solutions were first prepared in deionised water. The growth medium was prepared by adding an appropriate volume of these different stock solutions to deionised water in order to achieve the final concentrations.
Untreated Control: Algal growth medium was inoculated with algal cells (without test item) and was examined in parallel to the test item concentrations.
Reference Control: Potassium dichromate
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (formerly known as Selenastrum capricornutum)
Strain number: 61.81 SAG (identical strains: CCAP 278/4; UTEX 1648; ATCC 22662)
Source: The algae were supplied by the SAG: Collection of Algal Cultures, Inst. Plant Physiology, University of Göttingen, GERMANY. Cultured under standardised conditions (see OECD 201) in the Ecotoxicological Laboratory of CiToxLAB Hungary Ltd.
Justification of species: The species of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata used, being a fast-growing species, is convenient for culturing and testing and is a recommended species by relevant guidelines.
Initial cell number: The initial cell number in the test cultures was 104 cells/mL.
Pre-culturing: The pre-culture was intended to give an amount of alga suspension suitable for the inoculation of test cultures. The pre-culture was incubated under the conditions of the study in an aerated Algal Growth Medium and used when still exponentially growing (after an incubation period of 3 days). The cell count of above culture was determined by microscopic method and this cell suspension was diluted with Algal Growth Medium to 107 cells/mL.
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No post exposure observation period
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- No data
- Test temperature:
- Culture temperature was checked at the beginning of the experiment and each day thereafter in a flask filled with water, in the climatic chamber. In addition, water temperature was continuously measured (with a min/max thermometer) within the climate chamber. The temperature was in the range of 22.0 – 22.7°C measured in the flask and between 21.8 and 23.1°C measured within the climate chamber.
- pH:
- The pH was checked at the beginning and at the end of the experiment, in the control and each concentration (in the ‘treated group’). The pH of the control medium was not increased by more than 1.5 units during the test. The range of the pH was 7.17 – 7.28 at the start and 8.02 – 8.60 at the end of the study.
- Dissolved oxygen:
- No data
- Salinity:
- Not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- The nominal concentrations of Reactive Red F03-0318 used in the main experiment were: 12.5; 25; 50; 100 and 200 mg/L.
- Details on test conditions:
- The composition of the growth medium is detailed below under any other information.
The test item is a highly water soluble deep-coloured dye. A spectral analysis of each concentration was made to show the absorption of light at the wavelengths required by chlorophyll. As the amount of light for photosynthesis was significantly affected by the shading effect of the coloured test solution, a modified test was performed in order to separate physical effect of the coloured material from its true toxic effects.
The purpose of this test method is to compare the algae growth of algal cells which are in contact with the test item solution, and the growth of algal cells with the test item solution as only a light filter in front of the algae suspension.
To assure the appropriate position of the test solutions, two superposed flat flasks (which are open for the light only from above) were used per replicate for this experiment.
The following three types of treatment were tested: control, treated and light filter groups.
The illustration below under background information shows the position of the test solutions in the pairs of flasks in the test groups. In each case the algal cells are in the lower flask, where the only light available passes through the upper flat flask (the sides of the flask will be covered). The depth of the liquid in the upper flask was 50% of that in the lower flask (on the basis that the ‘average’ algal cell in the lower flask will be suspended at the point of 50% of the depth).
The test was performed with six replicates in the control group and three replicates per treated and light filter group in each concentration level.
The flasks were capped with air-permeable stoppers and continuously shaken by a laboratory orbital shaker during the exposure in order to keep the alga cells in suspension. Volume of algal suspension in the lower flask was 20 mL per replicate.
The exposure time was 72 hours. The test was started (0 hours) by inoculation of a biomass of approximately 104 algal cells per mL test medium.
Preliminary Range Finding Test
A concentration range-finding test was conducted to determine the approximate toxicity of the test item so that appropriate test concentrations can be selected for use in the definitive test. Algal cells were exposed to each concentration of the test item plus a control, for 72 hours. The test was performed with two replicates per each test group (light filter and treated group) and three for the control group.
The concentration levels used and results (72 h) of the preliminary range-finding test are summarised in a table under any other information below.
Concentration Levels Investigated in the Main Test
Five test concentrations in a geometric series with a separation factor of 2.0 and one control were used in the main test.
The following nominal concentrations were tested: 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L.
The corresponding geometric mean of the measured test item concentrations were: 12.2; 24.4; 48.9; 103.4 and 209.5 mg/L.
As the measured concentrations deviated not more than 20 per cent from the nominal in most cases, biological results are based on the nominal concentrations.
LIGHT ABSORBTION MEASUREMENTS
The light absorptions of the control and the test item solutions were measured photometrically to show the absorption of light at the wavelengths required by chlorophyll. The light adsorption measurements were performed in the range of
350-700 nm because the absorption maximum of the Chlorophyll A is about 430 and 660 nm and the absorption maximum of Chlorophyll B is about 450 and 640 nm
OBSERVATIONS
The cell numbers were determined at 24, 48 and 72 hours after starting the test by manual cell counting using a microscopic method with a counting chamber.
Microscopic observation of the algal cells in each concentration (in each group) and in the control was performed (at 24h, 48h and 72h) to detect any abnormal appearance of the algae. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 200 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 298.7 – 1088.2
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 200 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: 171.7 – 380.8
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
- VALIDITY
The cell density in the control cultures increased by a factor of 67.00 within three days.
The mean coefficient of variation for section-by-section specific growth rates
(days 0-1; 1-2; 2-3) in the control cultures was 10.25 %.
The coefficient of variation of average specific growth rates during the whole test period (day 0-3) in the control cultures was 1.20 %.
All validity criteria were met, therefore the study can be considered as valid.
TEST CONDITIONS
Temperature
The temperature was in the range of 22.0 – 22.7°C measured in the flask and between 21.8 and 23.1°C measured within the climate chamber.
pH
The pH of the control medium was not increased by more than 1.5 units during the test. The range of the pH was 7.17 – 7.28 at the start and 8.02 – 8.60 at the end of the study.
Light Intensity
The light intensity at the position occupied by algal culture flasks during the test was about 111 uE/m2/s.
CONCENTRATIONS OF THE TEST ITEM
The nominal concentrations of test item were 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L.
The corresponding geometric mean of the measured test item concentrations were: 12.2; 24.4; 48.9; 103.4 and 209.5 mg/L.
As the measured concentrations deviated not more than 20 per cent from the nominal in all cases, biological results are based on the nominal concentrations.
LIGHT ABSORPTION MEASUREMENTS
The maximum light absorption of the test item was at approximately at 541 nm in the test solutions. However there was significant absorption at wavelengths required by chlorophyll in the test solutions as well.
MORPHOLOGICAL DEVIATIONS OF THE ALGAL CELLS
Thin cells were observed in both the treated and filter groups at the two highest concentration levels of 100 and 200 mg/L 24, 48 and 72 hours after the treatment.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- For the evaluation of the quality of the algae and validation of the experimental conditions, Potassium dichromate is tested at least twice a year to demonstrate satisfactory test conditions.
The date of the last study (Study Code: 11/357-022AL) with the reference item Potassium dichromate is (Batch Number: 0769128): 16 - 19 January 2012.
The 72h ErC 50 : 0.98 mg/L, (95 % confidence limits: 0.91 – 1.05 mg/L)
The 72h EyC 50 : 0.68 mg/L, (95 % confidence limits: 0.62 – 0.73 mg/L) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- See above for 95% confidence limits
Any other information on results incl. tables
Average Specific Growth Rates
Growth Rates (u) during the Test Period:
Nominal Concentration |
Growth rate (m) |
||||||
0–24 h |
0–48 h |
0–72 h |
|||||
m |
m |
m |
significance |
difference |
significance |
||
Control |
0.0589 |
0.0600 |
0.0584 |
– |
– |
– |
|
12.5 |
treated |
0.0600 |
0.0601 |
0.0582 |
n.s. |
0.0005 |
n.s. |
filter |
0.0609 |
0.0606 |
0.0584 |
n.s. |
|||
25 |
treated |
0.0498 |
0.0598 |
0.0579 |
n.s. |
0.0011 |
n.s. |
filter |
0.0569 |
0.0602 |
0.0584 |
n.s. |
|||
50 |
treated |
0.0498 |
0.0563 |
0.0530 |
* |
0.0055 |
* |
filter |
0.0578 |
0.0602 |
0.0585 |
* |
|||
100 |
treated |
0.0401 |
0.0528 |
0.0519 |
* |
0.0040 |
* |
filter |
0.0538 |
0.0573 |
0.0559 |
* |
|||
200 |
treated |
0.0401 |
0.0404 |
0.0377+ |
* |
0.0147 |
* |
filter |
0.0498 |
0.0555 |
0.0524 |
* |
n.s. : statistically not significantly different compared to the control values (Bonferroni t-Test;a= 0.05)
* : statistically significantly different compared to the control values (Bonferroni t-Test;a= 0.05)
+ : at these values the rounding of the EXCEL and TOXSTAT software was different. The table contains the values calculated with EXCEL
Percentage inhibition of 72h Growth Rates:
Nominal Concentration |
% inhibition ofm |
||
% inhibition |
corrected % inhibition |
||
Control |
– |
– |
|
12.5 |
treated |
0.3 |
0.4 |
filter |
0.0 |
||
25 |
treated |
0.8 |
0.8 |
filter |
0.0 |
||
50 |
treated |
9.3 |
9.4 |
filter |
-0.1 |
||
100 |
treated |
11.1 |
6.9 |
filter |
4.3 |
||
200 |
treated |
35.4 |
25.2 |
filter |
10.2 |
Yield (Y) during the Test Period:
Nominal |
Yield (Y) |
||||
Y |
significance |
difference |
significance |
||
Control |
66.0 |
– |
– |
– |
|
12.5 |
treated |
65.0 |
n.s. |
2.3 |
n.s. |
filter |
66.0 |
n.s. |
|||
25 |
treated |
63.7 |
n.s. |
5.0 |
n.s. |
filter |
66.0 |
n.s. |
|||
50 |
treated |
44.3 |
* |
22.0 |
* |
filter |
66.3 |
n.s. |
|||
100 |
treated |
41.0 |
* |
14.0 |
* |
filter |
55.0 |
* |
|||
200 |
treated |
14.3 |
* |
28.3 |
* |
filter |
42.7 |
* |
n.s. : statistically not significantly different compared to the control values (Bonferroni t-Test;a= 0.05)
* : statistically significantly different compared to the control values (Bonferroni t-Test;a= 0.05)
Percentage Inhibition of Yield:
Nominal Concentration |
% inhibition of Yield |
||
% inhibition |
corrected % inhibition |
||
Control |
– |
– |
|
12.5 |
treated |
1.5 |
1.5 |
filter |
0.0 |
||
25 |
treated |
3.5 |
3.5 |
filter |
0.0 |
||
50 |
treated |
32.8 |
33.3 |
filter |
-0.5 |
||
100 |
treated |
37.9 |
21.2 |
filter |
16.7 |
||
200 |
treated |
78.3 |
42.9 |
filter |
35.4 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The results of this experiment showed that the majority of the observed inhibition effect was also related to the light absorption by the test item. At 50 and 100 mg/mL, a statistically significant effect was calculated for growth rates, however, this effect (inhibition: µ = 9.4% and 6.9%, respectively) is not biologically significant, but is due to the biological variability of the test system. A slight albeit not dose-dependent inhibition of yield was seen at 50, 100 and 200 mg/L, when the Test Item Reactive Red F03-0318 was in contact with the algae cells for 72 hours. This indicates that there was also a slight toxic effect on the growth of the alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata).
- Executive summary:
The effect of Reactive Red F03-0318 test item was assessed on algal growth using the unicellular green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Selenastrum capricornutum), over an exposure period of 72 hours.
Five test concentrations in a geometric series (factor 2.0) and one untreated control were tested in the main experiment.The test design included three replicates per treated and light filter group at each concentration level and six replicates for the untreated control.
The test item is a highly water soluble deep-coloured dye and the amount of light for photosynthesis is likely to be significantly affected by the shading effect of the coloured test solution. Therefore, a modified test was performed in order to separate physical effect of the coloured material from its true toxic effects.
Modified test results and results without taking into account the modification are reported separately (according to OECD TG No. 201).
The test item concentration was analytically determined at the start and at the end of the test.
The nominal concentrations of Reactive Red F03-0318 used in the main experiment were:12.5; 25; 50; 100 and 200 mg/L.The corresponding geometric mean of the measured test item concentrations were: 12.2; 24.4; 48.9; 103.4 and 209.5 mg/L. As the measured concentrations deviated not more than 20 per cent from the nominal in all cases, biological results are based on the nominal concentrations.
Statistical comparisons of average specific growth rates and yield in control and in treated groups were carried out using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni t-Test (a= 0.05) by TOXSTAT software.
The ErC50and EyC50values of the test item and their confidence limits were calculated using Probit analysis by TOXSTAT software
The calculated endpoints for the effect of the test item were the following:
Parameter
(0-72 h)CORRECTED RESULTS
NON-CORRECTED RESULTS
Growth rate (r)
[mg/L]Yield (y)
[mg/L]Growth rate (r)
[mg/L]Yield (y)
[mg/L]results are based on the nominal concentrations
EC50
> 200
[570.2 calculated]
> 200
[255.7 calculated]
> 200
[332.7 calculated]
103.9
95 % conf. limits
298.7 – 1088.2
171.7 – 380.8
227.6 – 486.5
89.9 – 120.1
NOEC
100
100
25
25
LOEC
200
200
50
50
The results of this experiment showed that the majority of the observed inhibition effect was also related to the light absorption by the test item. At 50 and 100 mg/mL, a statistically significant effect was calculated for growth rates, however, this effect (inhibition: µ = 9.4% and 6.9%, respectively) is not biologically significant, but is due to the biological variability of the test system. A slight albeit not dose-dependent inhibition of yield was seen at 50, 100 and 200 mg/L, when the Test Item Reactive Red F03-0318 was in contact with the algae cells for 72 hours. This indicates that there was also a slight toxic effect on the growth of the alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata).
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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