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EC number: 270-147-5 | CAS number: 68411-76-7 The residuum from the distillation of the products from the air oxidation of cyclohexane. It consists of alcohols, acids and lactones having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C4 through C6.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin sensitisation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not sensitising)
- Additional information:
Cyclohexane, oxidized, non-volatile residue (NVR) is not a skin sensitizer based on a guinea pig maximalisation study.
Supporting Studies (Read Across to Cyclohexane oxidized, aqueous extract and Adipic Acid :
A GLP OECD 429 LLNA guideline study on the closely related Cyclohexane oxidized, aqueous extract did not indicate skin sensitisation.
Adipic Acid - Hazards identified by OECD/ICCA high production volume chemicals program in 2004:
Animal data:
"There is only one sensitisation study available and it produced no evidence of a sensitising action but its reliability can not be fully assigned. Groups of 10 guinea pigs were given series of four sacral intradermal injections, one each week over a three-week period, which consisted of 0.1 ml of a 1.0 % solution of adipic acid (99.99 %) in water. Following a two-week rest period, the test animals were challenged for sensitisation by applying, and lightly rubbing in, approximately 0.05 ml of a 50 % and 25 % suspension of the test material in propylene glycol on the shaved intact shoulder skin. A group of 10 previously unexposed animals received similar applications at the time of challenge to provide direct comparison of the challenge reactions on the skin of similar age. The compound produced very mild to no skin irritation to previously unexposed guinea pigs and did not cause sensitisation (Haskell 1974). The study design does not accord to modern guidelines because the number of animals per group was low, no data were presented to justify the induction concentration used, no adjuvant was used, and no positive control or historical data were presented."
Human data:
"Despite the wide use of adipic acid, only very few cases of skin or respiratory tract reactions are reported: A positive patch test reaction to adipic acid (probably 1 % in alcoholic solution) was reported in a 51-year-old machine repairman with a 3- to 4-year history of work-related dermatitis of the hands and other exposed sites when working with powders in the synthesis of polyesters (Guin 2001). Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to adipic acid was reported in a patch test (100 %) with a laboratory worker in a factory producing polyester resins. No further details are available in this case (Malten and Zielhuis 1964)."
Migrated from Short description of key information:
Cyclohexane, oxidized, non-volatile residue (NVR) is not a skin sensitizer based on a guinea pig maximalisation study. A GLP OECD 429 LLNA guideline study on the closely related Cyclohexane oxidized, aqueous extract supported this result. Another study on Adipic Acid, a main component of NVR, also supported the conclusion.
Justification for selection of skin sensitisation endpoint:
The in-vivo study on the Cyclohexane oxidized, non-volatile residue was selected as a key study. A LLNP study on Cyclohexane oxidized, aqueous extract was selected as a supporting study.
Respiratory sensitisation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
- Additional information:
Cyclohexane, oxidized, aquous extract (COP Acid) has not been studied for respiratory sensitization but is not expected to be a respiratory sensitiser.
Read Across (Adipic Acid):
Hazards identified by OECD/ICCA high production volume chemicals program in 2004: "Despite the wide dispersive use of adipic acid, only very few cases of skin or respiratory tract sensitisation reactions are reported in humans. Overall, sensitisation is not expected for adipic acid."
Migrated from Short description of key information:
no valid animal data available
Justification for classification or non-classification
Cyclohexane, oxidized, aquous extract (COP Acid) and its primary component, adipic acid, are not sensitizing; no classification is required according to the EU classification criteria 67/548/EEC (DSD) and regulation no. 1272/2008 (CLP).
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