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EC number: 232-954-0 | CAS number: 9066-59-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Readily biodegradable
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
Additional information
The biodegradation is the biologically mediated degradation process or transformation of chemicals carried out by microorganisms; in particular, the ultimate biodegradation is defined as the breakdown of a chemical by microorganisms in the presence of oxygen resulting in the formation of carbon dioxide, sulphate, nitrate and new biomass or it can be defined as breakdown of a chemical in absence of oxygen resulting in the formation of carbon dioxide and final reduction products like methane, H2S, or NH3, mineral salts and new biomass. Lysozyme is an enzyme, i.e. biological material and therefore it can be considered ready biodegradable.
Lysozyme, as enzyme, is a protein; the general degradation pathway of proteins is a stepwise process starting with the splitting of peptide bonds in the protein polymer by proteolytic enzymes (proteases) forming lower-molecular oligopeptides, which are subsequently degraded by peptidases to the monomeric amino acids. Physical parameters as heating, dilution, mixing of solutions with air, etc. can impact the enzymatic function by denaturation, i.e. loss of activity and changes of the three-dimensional structure, which facilitates this proteolytic degradation process (HERA 2005).
For completeness sake, the available literature data on other enzymes are here reported in order to confirm that proteins can be regarded as readily biodegradable. Specifically, data about lipase, cellulase, amylase and subtilisin are available: according to the Enzyme Commission (EC) classification, they are all subcategorized as hydrolases enzymes acting on ester bonds in the case of lipase, acting on the peptide bonds (peptidases) and acting as glycosylases in the cases of cellulase, amylase and lysozyme. In all cases, the enzymes resulted as ready biodegradable, as expected considering their globular protein structure.
Lipase (EC 3.1.1.3)
- OECD 301 E; 99 % DOC remove. Ready biodegradable (HERA 2005; Bergman et al., 1997)
Cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4)
- OECD 301 E, 84 % DOC removal. Ready biodegradable (HERA 2005; Bergman et al., 1997)
- OECD 301 C, 78 % BOD/COD (HERA 2005; Greenough and Everett, 1991)
α-Amylase (EC 3.2.1.1)
- OECD 301 E, 99 % DOC removal (HERA 2005; Bergman et al., 1997)
- OECD 301 E, 99 % DOC removal (HERA 2005; Bergman et al., 1997)
Subtilisin (EC 3.4.21.62)
Studies available on biodegradation showed that there is no significant difference in the biodegradation rate and extent between wild type Subtilisins and protein engineered variants. This is in line with the general understanding of the common structure and properties of proteins irrespective of their specific activity pattern and their origin. Consequently, the exposure assessment of Subtilisins does not need to differentiate between wild type and protein engineered enzyme (HERA 2007).
REFERENCE
Bergman A, Bak J, Stavnsbjerg M (1997). Environmental fate of detergent enzymes. International Symposium Environmental Biotechnology. Oostende, Belgium. Part 2, 303-305. Edited by H. Verachtert & W. Verstraete. ISBN 90-5204-031-1
Greenough RJ, Everett DJ (1991) Safety evaluation of alkaline cellulase. Food and Chemical Toxicology 29: 781-785.
HERA (2005). Human and environmental risk assessment on ingredients of household cleaning products - alpha-amylases, cellulases and lipases.
HERA (2007). Human and environmental risk assessment on ingredients of household cleaning products - Subtilisins (Proteases). Edition 2.0. 2007.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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