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EC number: 231-912-9 | CAS number: 7778-74-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Acute Toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- disregarded due to major methodological deficiencies
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Animals were exposed to a pyrotechnically generated atmosphere, the relevance of this to the submission substance is unclear.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Evaluation of the Respiratory Tract after Acute Exposure to a Pyrotechnically Generated Aerosol Fire Suppressant
- Author:
- Smith EA, Kimmel EC, English JH, Bowen LE, Reboulet JE & Carpenter RL
- Year:
- 1 997
- Bibliographic source:
- Journal of Applied Toxicology 17 (2): 95-103
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Fischer 344 rats (250 -300g) were exposed to the resulting aerosols from the pyrolysis of Spectrex Fire Extinguishant (SFE) Formulation A, a pyrotechnically generated aerosol fire suppressant, at a loading 50 or 80 g/m3 air for 15 or 60 minutes.
Exposures were conducted in a 700 L whole-body inhalation chamber, under static conditions. The chamber atmosphere was analysed for mass aerosol concentration and particle size distribution. Clinical observations were recorded throughout the exposure period. The rats were terminated 1, 6, 24 hours or 7 or 14 days post-exposure and subjected to histopathological examination, enzyme analysis and determination of wet and dry lung weights. - GLP compliance:
- no
- Test type:
- other:
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Spectrix Fire Extinguishant Formulation A
- IUPAC Name:
- Spectrix Fire Extinguishant Formulation A
- Test material form:
- other: dry-powder fire retardant
- Details on test material:
- During fire suppression standard procedures result in unintentional release of fluorocarbons. Due to the destructive effect of fluorocarbons on atmospheric ozone, CFCs and halocarbons are being phased out and replacement fire suppressants based on dry-powder aerosols are being developed.
Spectrex Fire Extinguishant (SFE) is one of the pyrotechnically generated aerosols comprising primarily potassium perchlorate, which generates an aerosol of potassium chloride on decomposition.
The aerosol particles produced by the pyrolisation process are typically of a respirable size (typically 1-10 µm). Such particles are inhalable and can penetrate deep into the tracheobronchial tree and alveoli.
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Fischer 344
- Sex:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Fischer 344 rats (250 -300g)
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: aerosol
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- whole body
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- The rats were exposed to the resulting aerosols from the pyrolysis of Spectrex Fire Extinguishant (SFE) Formulation A, a pyrotechnically generated aerosol fire suppressant, at a loading 50 or 80 g/m3 air for 15 or 60 minutes.
Exposures were conducted in a 700 L whole-body inhalation chamber, under static conditions. - Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
- yes
- Duration of exposure:
- >= 15 - <= 60 min
- Concentrations:
- 50 or 80 g/m3 air
- Details on study design:
- The rats were terminated 1, 6, 24 hours or 7 or 14 days post-exposure.
Results and discussion
Effect levels
- Sex:
- not specified
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- > 80 mg/m³ air
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Exp. duration:
- 60 min
- Remarks on result:
- other: No deaths occurred at the highest exposure concentration
- Mortality:
- No deaths occurred.
- Clinical signs:
- other: Clinical signs of reaction to treatment included dyspnoea, coughing, lack of coordination and lethargy. Signs became more pronounced as the exposure duration and dose loading increased.
- Gross pathology:
- Macroscopic examination revealed no lesions in the trachea, lung, heart or organs in the abdominal cavity.
Animals exposed to an SFE loading of 80 g/m3 for 60 minutes developed reversible pulmonary oedema and olfactory necrosis. Protein concentrations in the bronchoalveolar lavage increased but no changes were evident in enzyme levels. Wet and dry lung weights showed no differences between treated and control groups.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- other: not adequate for classification purposes
- Conclusions:
- The LC50 of the resulting aerosols from the pyrolysis of Spectrex Fire Extinguishant (SFE) Formulation A, a pyrotechnically generated aerosol fire suppressant is greater than 80 g/m3 air after 60 minutes exposure.
- Executive summary:
Fischer 344 rats (250 -300g) were exposed to the resulting aerosols from the pyrolysis of Spectrex Fire Extinguishant (SFE) Formulation A, a pyrotechnically generated aerosol fire suppressant, at a loading 50 or 80 g/m3 air for 15 or 60 minutes.
Exposures were conducted in a 700 L whole-body inhalation chamber, under static conditions. The chamber atmosphere was analysed for mass aerosol concentration and particle size distribution. Clinical observations were recorded throughout the exposure period. The rats were terminated 1, 6, 24 hours or 7 or 14 days post-exposure and subjected to histopathological examination, enzyme analysis and determination of wet and dry lung weights.
No deaths occurred. Clinical signs of reaction to treatment included dyspnoea, coughing, lack of coordination and lethargy. Signs became more pronounced as the exposure duration and dose loading increased. Macroscopic examination revealed no lesions in the trachea, lung, heart or organs in the abdominal cavity.
Animals exposed to an SFE loading of 80 g/m3 for 60 minutes developed reversible pulmonary oedema and olfactory necrosis. Protein concentrations in the bronchoalveolar lavage increased but no changes were evident in enzyme levels. Wet and dry lung weights showed no differences between treated and control groups.
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