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EC number: 229-782-3 | CAS number: 6731-36-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to terrestrial plants
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
- Remarks:
- Seedling emergence and seedling growth test
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Experimental start date 19 December 2016 Experimental completion date 21 April 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 017
- Report date:
- 2017
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants Test: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Di-tert-butyl 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexylidene diperoxide
- EC Number:
- 229-782-3
- EC Name:
- Di-tert-butyl 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexylidene diperoxide
- Cas Number:
- 6731-36-8
- Molecular formula:
- C17H34O4
- IUPAC Name:
- 1,1-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane
- Test material form:
- other: clear, colourless liquid
- Details on test material:
- Identification: Di-tert-butyl 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexylidene diperoxide (CAS# 6731-36-8)
Description: Clear colorless liquid
Batch: 0905137109
Label: Trigonox 29 0905137109 2kg
Purity: 93.4%
Date Received: 18 December 2012
Expiry Date: 01 June 2019
Storage Conditions: Stored frozen at approximately -20 °C; used/formulated at ambient temperature <30 °C
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Name: TRIGONOX 29
Chemical name: 1,1-Di(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane
CAS Number: 6731-36-8
Source: Sponsor
Batch Number: 0905137109
Purity: 1,1-di(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane 93.4%
(3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane 2.56%)
Storage: Refrigerated (2 - 8°C)
Expiry Date: 01 June 2019
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Two x 5 mL aliquots from the first sample were analysed in accordance with the analytical procedure. The remaining samples were retained for contingency. Samples were disposed if ince satisfactory results were achieved.
Mean concentrationss were within +/- 4% of the nominal concentration, confirming the accuracy of formulation.
Test substrate
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Acetone
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- Please see the section below "Any other information on materials and methods"
Test organisms
open allclose all
- Species:
- Brassica oleracea var. capitata
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- The seeds were purchased from commercial suppliers. The seeds were not treated with any type of fungicides, insecticides, or any other type of pesticidal compound. They were stored dry in glass bottles and kept in darkness prior to the start of the study. Germination trials indicated that seed viability was ≥ 75% for all species. Mean weight/seed was also determined.
- Species:
- Daucus carota
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- The seeds were purchased from commercial suppliers. The seeds were not treated with any type of fungicides, insecticides, or any other type of pesticidal compound. They were stored dry in glass bottles and kept in darkness prior to the start of the study. Germination trials indicated that seed viability was ≥ 75% for all species. Mean weight/seed was also determined.
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- The seeds were purchased from commercial suppliers. The seeds were not treated with any type of fungicides, insecticides, or any other type of pesticidal compound. They were stored dry in glass bottles and kept in darkness prior to the start of the study. Germination trials indicated that seed viability was ≥ 75% for all species. Mean weight/seed was also determined.
- Species:
- Lycopersicon esculentum
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- The seeds were purchased from commercial suppliers. The seeds were not treated with any type of fungicides, insecticides, or any other type of pesticidal compound. They were stored dry in glass bottles and kept in darkness prior to the start of the study. Germination trials indicated that seed viability was ≥ 75% for all species. Mean weight/seed was also determined.
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
- Details on test organisms:
- The seeds were purchased from commercial suppliers. The seeds were not treated with any type of fungicides, insecticides, or any other type of pesticidal compound. They were stored dry in glass bottles and kept in darkness prior to the start of the study. Germination trials indicated that seed viability was ≥ 75% for all species. Mean weight/seed was also determined.
- Species:
- Allium cepa
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
- Details on test organisms:
- The seeds were purchased from commercial suppliers. The seeds were not treated with any type of fungicides, insecticides, or any other type of pesticidal compound. They were stored dry in glass bottles and kept in darkness prior to the start of the study. Germination trials indicated that seed viability was ≥ 75% for all species. Mean weight/seed was also determined.
Study design
- Test type:
- seedling emergence and seedling growth test
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- natural soil
- Remarks:
- Loamy sand. The carbon content (1.89% organic matter), pH and particle size of the soil were analysed according to UK classification and it was sieved prior to use to remove all particles >2 mm. The soil was not pasteurized or heat treated before use.
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- Each plant species was sown into treated soil and monitored for 16 - 21 days following a minimum of 50% germination of the control seedlings.
Test conditions
- Test temperature:
- Cabbage 18.1 – 29.2°C
Carrot 18.1 – 29.2°C
Lettuce 16.7 – 28.0°C
Tomato 14.1 – 28.9°C
Oat 16.7 – 28.0°C
Onion 19.1 – 26.2°C - pH:
- 7.5
- Moisture:
- Relative humidity (%)
Range Mean range
Cabbage: 36.34 – 79.63 63.37 –69.51
Carrot: 26.75 – 79.63 62.39 – 69.51
Lettuce: 29.81 – 74.24 49.87 – 61.31
Tomato: 39.02 – 90.77 62.97 – 70.72
Oat: 31.96 – 74.24 52.14 – 61.31
Onion: 38.07 – 93.52 48.74 – 87.37 - Details on test conditions:
- Experimental Design
A total of 14 pots of three seeds each were sown for cabbage, carrot and lettuce, 20 pots of two seeds for tomato and ten pots of four seeds each for oat and onion. For all species 9.5 cm internal diameter plastic pots were used and each was filled to a depth of approximately 75 mm, the seeds were spaced out on the soil surface and approximately 5 mm of soil was added to cover the seeds. Each pot was labelled with the study number, species name, treatment, replicate number, application date and the name of the Study Director. Each application rate was also identified by a colour-coded plastic stick label. After application each pot was placed in an individual water tray and placed at random within rectangular blocks of evenly spaced pots for each plant species. - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Range-finding: 0.1, 1.30 10, 100 and 1000 mg a.i./kg of dry soil
(Cabbage, carrot and lettuce)
Based on the results of the range finding, a dose response test was conducted at rates of 12.35, 37.04, 111.11, 333.33 and 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil for onion with a limit study at 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil for all other species. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Species:
- other: Cabbage, carrot, lettuce, tomato and oat
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- germination
- Key result
- Species:
- other: All species tested
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Survival
- Key result
- Species:
- Allium cepa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 333.33 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- germination
- Key result
- Species:
- other: All species tested
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks:
- Height and dry weight
- Key result
- Species:
- other: All species tested
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- phytotoxicity
- Details on results:
- Please see below "Any other information on results incl. tables"
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not applicable
Any other information on results incl. tables
Range finding
There were no treatment related effects on the germination or
survival of any species.
No treatment related visual effects, phytotoxicity or growth inhibition, were observed.
The only statistically significant adverse effect was a reduction in dry weight of onion at 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil.
Pot trial
There was no visible evidence of any test substance residue on the interior surface of the pots or of any damage to the pot surface at any treatment rate 21 days after application, in comparison to pots containing untreated soil.
It was concluded that it would be acceptable to run the definitive study in the same type of impermeable plastic pot as used in the range finding study.
Formulation analysis
Analysis of the concentrations of Trigonox 29 in the application treatment solutions confirmed nominal levels of the test substance were within applied limits ± 20% for all treatment groups, confirming accurate formulation.
Definitive
Effect on Germination
Germination was recorded daily until there was >50% in both water and solvent controls. There were no effects on germination of cabbage, carrot, lettuce, tomato or oat. The NOEC for germination of these species was therefore 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil.
For onion there were reductions in germination of 5.4, 10.8 and 29.7% at 12.35, 111.11 and 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil respectively in comparison to the solvent control. The effect was statistically significant (p= 0.003**) at 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil. The NOEC was 333.33 mg a.i./kg dry soil.
Effect on Plant Survival
There were no treatment-related effects on plant survival for any species.
Effect on Plant Growth and Health
A visual assessment based on the overall condition of surviving seedlings for each replicate was conducted at the end of the study and at regular intervals throughout. This assessment was conducted using a uniform scoring system based on plant size and vigor where 0 indicated no abnormal effects and 10 for all plants within a replicate being dead.
No signs of phytotoxicity were observed in the treatment groups compared to either of the control groups. The NOEC for phytotoxicity was therefore 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil.
For onionslight plant growth inhibition (10 – 20%) was recorded in two replicates at 111.11 mg a.i./kg dry soil with 3% plant mortality. At 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil 30 – 40% plant growth inhibition was recorded in three replicates with slight phytotoxicity in two replicates and 7.7% plant mortality.
At harvest, measurement of the height and dry weight for each seedling from each replicate pot was conducted. There were no statistically significant adverse treatment related effects on the height or dry weight of any species in comparison to the solvent control.
Validation Criteria
The protocol requirement for control seedling emergence of a minimum of 70% for all species was achieved as there was 100% germination in both water and solvent controls for cabbage, carrot, cucumber, lettuce, tomato and oat, with 85 and 92.5% germination of onion in water and solvent controls respectively.
No visible phytotoxic effects were observed in the water or solvent controls.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- There was no statistically significant effect on the germination or survival of cabbage, carrot, lettuce, tomato or oat following application of Trigonox 29 at 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil. The NOEC for germination for these species was therefore 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil. The NOEC for survival for all species was 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil.
For onion there was a statistically significant reduction in germination at 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil (p = 0.003**). The NOEC for germination for onion was therefore 333.33 mg a.i./kg dry soil.
For onion 3.0 and 7.7% plant mortality was recorded at 111.11 and 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil respectively.
There were no statistically significant adverse treatment related effects in the height or dry weight of cabbage, carrot, lettuce, tomato and oat in comparison to the solvent control following application of Trigonox 29 at 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil. The NOEC for height and dry weight for these species was therefore 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil.
There were no statistically significant adverse treatment related effects in the height or dry weight of onion at 12.35, 37.04, 111.11, 333.33 and 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil. The NOEC for height and dry weight for onion was therefore 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil.
No signs of phytotoxicity were observed in the treatment groups compared to either of the control groups. The NOEC for phytotoxicity was therefore 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil for all species.
The study was considered valid as the validation criteria were met and no visible phytotoxic effects were observed in the controls. - Executive summary:
Summary
This study was carried out with four dicotyledons, (cabbage, carrot, lettuce and tomato) and two monocotyledons, (oat and onion), to determine the toxicity of Trigonox 29 to seedling emergence and seedling growth of non-target plant species during early critical stages in their development, in a dose response test designed to evaluate the phytotoxic effects of the test substance.
Following initial range finding at 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil, the definitive study was conducted as a dose response test at 12.34, 37.04, 111.11, 333.33 and 1000 mg a.i./kg of dry soil for onion and as a limit study at 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil for all other species.
Each plant species was sown into treated soil and monitored for 16 - 21 days following a minimum of 50% germination in the controls.
A total of 14 pots of three seeds each were sown for cabbage, carrot and lettuce, 20 pots of two seeds each for tomato and 10 pots of four seeds each for oat and onion for each application rate ofTrigonox 29and the water and acetone controls. The soil used was a sandy loam, sieved to remove all particles > 2mm.
After application and sowing, the pots were checked daily and the numbers of emerged seedlings were recorded. Emergence, survival and sub-lethal effects were recorded daily up to a minimum of 50% emergence of control seedlings and thereafter every one to three days. Plants were harvested 16 - 21 days after 50% control germination, giving a total exposure period of 21 days for cabbage, tomato and oat and 26 days for carrot, lettuce and onion. The height of each individual plant was then measured before the plants were dried and weighed to obtain a measurement of dry weight.
Effect on germination and plant survival
There was no effect on the germination or survival of cabbage, carrot, lettuce, tomato or oat.
For onion there were reductions in germination of 5.4, 10.8 and 29.7% at 12.35, 111.11 and 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil respectively in comparison to the solvent control. The effect was statistically significant (p= 0.003**) at 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil. The NOEC for germination for onion was therefore 333.33 mg a.i./kg dry soil.
There was no effect on the survival of cabbage, carrot, lettuce, tomato or oat. For onion there were reductions in survival of 3.0 and 7.7% at 111.11 and 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil respectively in comparison to the solvent control. The NOEC for survival for all species was 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil.
Effect on plant growth and health
At harvest, measurement of the height and dry weight for each seedling from each replicate pot was conducted. There were no statistically significant adverse treatment related effects on the height or dry weight of any species in comparison to the solvent control.
The effects on height and dry weight are summarised in the tableb below.
Percent effect onheight and dry weight inc omparisonto thes olventcontrol
Species
Treatment
Application rate
(mg a.i./kg dry soil)
Geometric mean height (cm)
% increase (+) or reduction
(-) in mean height
p
Geometric mean dry weight (mg)
% increase (+) or reduction (-) in mean dry weight
p
Cabbage
Water control
0
3.625
-5
0.451T
32.913
+5
0.677T
Solvent control
0
3.807
-
-
31.337
-
-
Trigonox 29
1000
4.474
+18
0.016*T
35.803
+14
0.262T
Carrot
Water control
0
1.961
-2
0.710T
9.518
+4
0.632T
Solvent control
0
2.001
-
-
9.160
-
-
Trigonox 29
1000
2.279
+14
0.021*T
10.694
+17
0.059T
Lettuce
Water control
0
1.480
-4
0.463T
19.698
+6
0.779T
Solvent control
0
1.544
-
-
19.146
-
-
Trigonox 29
1000
1.878
+22
0.001**T
21.758
+14
0.211T
Tomato
Water control
0
4.583
-5
0.322T
34.949
+4
0.647T
Solvent control
0
4.827
-
-
33.675
-
-
Trigonox 29
1000
4.917
+2
0.723T
33.269
-1
0.881T
Oat
Water control
0
35.391
-1
0.608T
53.058
-4
0.509T
Solvent control
0
35.809
-
-
55.507
-
-
Trigonox 29
1000
35.406
-1
0.621T
55.952
+1
0.907T
Onion
Water control
0
10.267
-5
0.517T
4.564
-15
0.137T
Solvent control
0
10.808
-
-
5.379
-
-
Trigonox 29
12.35
11.885
+10
0.688W
5.741
+7
0.964D
37.04
10.739
-1
0.688W
5.100
-5
0.984D
111.11
11.805
+9
0.683W
6.728
+25
0.162D
333.33
11.431
+6
0.683W
6.225
+16
0.537D
1000
10.968
+1
0.683W
5.559
+3
0.998D
pvalues are for the comparison with solvent control using Williams' test (W), Dunnett's test (D) and thet-test (T)
*p<0.05, **p<0.01,
- not applicable
The visual assessment, based on the overall condition of surviving seedlings for each replicate, was conducted at the end of the study and at regular intervals throughout. This assessment was conducted using a uniform scoring system based on plant size and vigour where 0 indicated no abnormal effects and 10 for all plants within a replicate being dead.
There were no visual herbicidal effects (e.g. chlorosis, necrosis, abnormal plant growth) on any species in water and solvent control groups or on cabbage, carrot, lettuce, tomato and oat treated at 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil.
For onionslight plant growth inhibition (10 – 20%) was recorded in two replicates at 111.11 mg a.i./kg dry soil with 3% plant mortality. At 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil 30 – 40% plant growth inhibition was recorded in three replicates with slight phytotoxicity in two replicates and 7.7% plant mortality.
Conclusion
There was no statistically significant effect on the germination or survival of cabbage, carrot, lettuce, tomato or oat following application of Trigonox 29 at 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil. The NOEC for germination for these species was therefore 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil. The NOEC for survival for all species was 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil.
For onion there was a statistically significant reduction in germination at 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil (p= 0.003**). The NOEC for germination for onion was therefore 333.33 mg a.i./kg dry soil.
For onion 3.0 and 7.7% plant mortality was recorded at 111.11 and 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil respectively.
There were no statistically significant adverse treatment related effects in the height or dry weight of cabbage, carrot, lettuce, tomato and oat in comparison to the solvent control following application of Trigonox 29 at 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil. The NOEC for height and dry weight for these species was therefore 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil.
There were no statistically significant adverse treatment related effects in the height or dry weight of onion at 12.35, 37.04, 111.11, 333.33 and 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil. The NOEC for height and dry weight for onion was therefore 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil.
No signs of phytotoxicity were observed in the treatment groups compared to either of the control groups. The NOEC for phytotoxicity was therefore 1000 mg a.i./kg dry soil for all species.
The study was considered valid as the validation criteria were met and no visible phytotoxic effects were observed in the controls.
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