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EC number: 205-086-5 | CAS number: 132-98-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 4 July 2019 - 12 November 2019
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 019
- Report date:
- 2019
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 438 (Isolated Chicken Eye Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)
- Version / remarks:
- July 2013
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU method B.48 (Isolated chicken eye test method for identifying occular corrosives and severe irritants)
- Version / remarks:
- April 2017
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Phenoxymethylpenicillin potassium
- EC Number:
- 205-086-5
- EC Name:
- Phenoxymethylpenicillin potassium
- Cas Number:
- 132-98-9
- Molecular formula:
- C16H17KN2O5S
- IUPAC Name:
- potassium (2S,5R,6R)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(2-phenoxyacetyl)amino]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Details on test material:
- Name: Pen V Potassium
Lot No.: B519322
Appearance:white, solid powder
Expiry date: 30 April 2024
Storage condition: at room temperature, protected from light
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Test Item name: Pen V Potassium
Lot No.B519322
Appearancewhite, solid powder
Expiry date 30 April 2024
Storage room temperature, protected from light
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- chicken
- Strain:
- other: ROSS 308
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- No animals but isolated chicken eyes were used.
Chicken heads collection and transport:
Strain of chicken: ROSS 308
Source: TARAVIS KFT. 9600 Sárvár, Rábasömjéni út 129. Hungary
Head collection was performed by a slaughter house technician. Heads were removed immediately after sedation of the chickens (sedation was happened by electric current). The heads were transported to Toxi-Coop ZRT. at the earliest convenience for use approximately within 2 hours from collection. The ambient temperature was optimal (19.3 ºC to 20.4 ºC) during the transport. All eyes used in the assay were from the same groups of eyes collected on one specific day.
After collection, the heads were inspected for appropriate quality and wrapped with paper moistened with saline, then placed in a plastic box that can be closed (4-5 heads/box).
Eyes selection
After removing the head from the plastic box, it was put on soft paper. The eyelids were carefully cut away with scissors, avoiding damaging the cornea. One small drop of fluorescein solution 2 (w/v) % was applied onto the cornea surface for a few seconds and subsequently rinsed off with 20 mL isotonic saline. Then the fluorescein-treated cornea was examined with hand-held slit lamp or slit lamp microscope, with the eye in the head, to ensure that the cornea was not damaged. If the cornea was in good condition, the eyeball was carefully removed from the orbit.
Preparation of eyes
The eyeball was carefully removed from the orbit by holding the nictitating membrane with surgical forceps, while cutting the eye muscles with bent scissors without cutting off the optical nerve too short. The procedure avoided pressure on the eye in order to prevent distortion of the cornea and subsequent corneal opacity. Once removed from the orbit, the eye was placed onto damp paper and the nictitating membrane was cut away with other connective tissue. The prepared eyes were kept on the wet papers in a closed box so that the appropriate humidity was maintained.
Eyes examination and acclimatization time
The prepared eye was placed in a steel clamp with the cornea positioned vertically with the eye in the correct relative position (same position as in the chicken head). Again avoiding too much pressure on the eye by the clamp. Because of the relatively firm sclera of the chicken eyeball, only slight pressure was applied to fix the eye properly. The clamp with the eyeball was transferred to a chamber of the superfusion apparatus. The clamp holding the eye was positioned in such a way that the entire cornea was supplied with saline solution dripping from a stainless steel tube, at a rate of approximately 3 to 4 drops/minutes. The door of the chamber was closed except for manipulations and examinations, to maintain temperature and humidity.
The appropriate numbers of eyes were selected and after being placed in the superfusion apparatus, the selected eyes were examined again with the slit lamp microscope to ensure that they were in good condition. The focus was adjusted to see clearly the isotonic saline which was flowing on the cornea surface. Eyes with a high baseline fluorescein staining (i.e., > 0.5) or corneal opacity score (i.e., > 0.5) were rejected. The cornea thickness was measured using the depth measuring device on the slit lamp microscope (Haag-Streit BQ 900) with the slit-width set at 9½, equalling 0.095 mm. Any eye with cornea thickness deviating more than 10 % from the mean value for all eyes, or eyes that showed any other signs of damage, were rejected and replaced. If the selected eyes were appropriate for the test, acclimatization started and was conducted for approximately 45 to 60 minutes. The temperature was verified to be in the range of 32 ± 1.5 °C in all chambers during the acclimatization and treatment periods.
Test system
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- yes, concurrent positive control
- yes, concurrent negative control
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 0.03 g test item
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Once.
- Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):
- 10 seconds. Observations 30, 75, 120, 180 and 240 minutes after the post-treatment rinse.
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 3 replicates
- Details on study design:
- The baseline assessments:
At the end of the acclimatization period, a zero reference measurement was recorded for cornea thickness and opacity to serve as a baseline (t=0) for each individual eye. The cornea thickness of the eyes should not change by more than ±5-7 % within approximately 45 to 60 minutes before the start of application. Changes in thickness were not observed in the eyes. Following the equilibration period, the fluorescein retention was measured. Baseline values were required to evaluate any potential test item related effects after treatment. The location of any minor findings was marked on the record sheet as a drawing, if applicable. If any eye was considered to be unsuitable following baseline assessment, it was discarded.
Test procedure
Treatment
After the zero reference measurements, one out of three test item treated eyes was taken out of its chamber and placed on a layer of tissue with the cornea facing upwards. The eye was held in horizontal position over a container to catch waste, while the Pleuromulin was applied onto the centre of the cornea. The Pleuromulin was applied in an amount of 0.03 g by attempting to cover the cornea surface uniformly with the test substance, while taking care not to damage or touch the cornea with the application equipment. This procedure was repeated for each test item treated eye.
The three positive control eyes were treated in a similar way with 0.03 g Imidazole.
One negative control eye was treated with saline solution. The saline solution was applied in a volume of 30 μL from micropipette, in such a way that the entire surface of the cornea was covered with negative control, taking care not to damage or touch the cornea with the application equipment.
Test item removal:
The time of application was monitored, then after an exposure period of 10 seconds from the end of the application the cornea surface was rinsed thoroughly with 20 mL saline solution at ambient temperature, while taking care not to damage the cornea but attempting to remove all the residual test item if possible. The eye in the holder was then returned to its chamber. The time while the eye was out of the chamber was limited to the minimum.
The Imidazole and test item were stuck on the corneas’ surface in all eyes at 30 minutes after the post-treatment rinse. The gentle rinsing with 20 mL saline was performed in all Imidazole and test item treated eyes after the 30, 75, 120 and 180 minutes of observation. The cornea surface of Imidazole and test item treated eyes were not totally cleared at 240 minutes after the post-treatment rinse.
Observation and assessment of corneal effects:
The control and test eyes were evaluated pre-treatment and at approximately 30, 75, 120, 180 and 240 minutes after the post-treatment rinse. Minor variations within ±5 minutes were considered acceptable.
The cornea thickness and cornea opacity were measured at all time points. Fluorescein retention was determined at baseline (t=0) and 30 minutes after the post-treatment rinse.
Retention of corneas
At the end of the procedures, the corneas were carefully removed from the eyes and placed individually into labeled containers of preservative fluid (4% formaldehyde) for potential histopathology and stored.
Histopathology
After consultation with the Sponsor no histopathology evaluation was performed. Corneas are discarded 2 months after the final report.
Results and discussion
In vitro
Results
- Irritation parameter:
- other: Overall ICE class
- Run / experiment:
- Mean value
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- ICE class 3 X I
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- ICE class 3 x IV
- Remarks on result:
- other: The overall ICE classes were one II (based on the corneal swelling of 13% within 240 minutes), once III (based on the fluorescein retention of 1.8) and once IV(based on the corneal opacity score of 3.3).
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- The test substance did not cause ocular corrosion or severe irritation in the enucleated chicken eyes.
The negative control NaCl (9 g/L saline) had no significant effects on the chicken eye in this study.
The positive control Imidazole was classed as corrosive/severely irritating, UN GHS Classification: Category 1.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Test Item: Pen V Potassium
Observation | Value | ICE Class |
Mean maximum corneal swelling at up to 75 min | 8% | II |
Mean maximum corneal swelling at up to 240 min | 13% | II |
Mean maximum corneal opacity | 3.3 | IV |
Mean fluorescein retention | 1.8 | III |
Other Observations | None | |
Overall ICE Class | 1xII, 1xIII, 1xIV |
Positive Control: Imidazole
Observation | Value | ICE Class |
Mean maximum corneal swelling at up to 75 min | 26% | III |
Mean maximum corneal swelling at up to 240 min | 34% | IV |
Mean maximum corneal opacity | 4.0 | IV |
Mean fluorescein retention | 3.0 | IV |
Other Observations | Corneal opacity score 4was observed in two eyes and score 3 was seen in one eye at 30 minutes after the post-treatment rinse. | |
Overall ICE Class | 3xIV |
The positive control Imidazole was classed as corrosive/severely irritating, UNGHS Classification: Category 1.
Negative Control: NaCl (9 g/L saline)
Observation | Value | ICE class |
Mean maximum corneal swelling at up to 75 min | 2% | I |
Mean maximum corneal swelling at up to 240 min | 2% | I |
Mean maximum corneal opacity | 0.5 | I |
Mean fluorescein retention | 0.0 | I |
Other Observations | None | |
Overall ICE Class | 3xI |
The negative control NaCl (9g/L saline) had no significant effects on the chicken eye in this study.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- other: Inconclusive because no classification as Category I nor as No Category can be set.
- Conclusions:
- No ocular corrosion or severe irritation potential was observed. The overall ICE classes were one II (based on the corneal swelling of 13% within 240 minutes), once III (based on the fluorescein retention of 1.8) and once IV(based on the corneal opacity score of 3.3). According to the guideline OECD 438, the test item overall in vitro classification is neither UN GHS Classification Category I (an ocular corrosive or severe eye irritant) nor No Category. Thus, according to the guideline OECD 438, test item has been categorized as “No prediction can be made”.
- Executive summary:
An in vitro chicken eye (ICE) test was performed according to OECD438 Guideline. Positive and negative controls showed the expected results. The experiment was considered to be valid.
No ocular corrosion or severe irritation potential was observed. The overall ICE classes were one II (based on the corneal swelling of 13% within 240 minutes), once III (based on the fluorescein retention of 1.8) and once IV(based on the corneal opacity score of 3.3). According to the guideline OECD 438, the test item overall in vitro classification is neither UN GHS Classification Category I (an ocular corrosive or severe eye irritant) nor No Category. Thus, according to the guideline OECD 438, test item has been categorized as “No prediction can be made”.
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