Ammonium iron(III) citrate

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

data from handbook or collection of data

Remarks:

Experimental data of read across chemicals

Justification for type of information:

Data from handbook or collection of data

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Refer below principle

Principles of method if other than guideline:

WoE was prepared to determine the effect of test chemical on the mobility of aquatic invertebrates.

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

not specified

Details on test solutions:

WoE 2: The stock solution 200.0 mg/l was prepared by dissolving white powder in reconstituted water. The test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample in reconstituted water.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

WoE 2: TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Strain: Straus
- Source: Own breeding at University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): The animals used for the test shall be less than 24 h old and should not be first brood progeny
- Feeding during test: No feeding

ACCLIMATION - No data available
- Acclimation period:
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not):
- Type and amount of food:
- Feeding frequency:
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed):

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Remarks on exposure duration:

± 1 hr

Test temperature:

WoE 2: 20±1°C

pH:

WoE 2: sample at concentration 200.0 mg/l: pH = 6.2 changed to pH = 7.0 during the test,
control: pH = 8.0 did not change during the test

Dissolved oxygen:

WoE 2: higher than 8.2 mg/L at the end of test

Nominal and measured concentrations:

WoE 2: 0,18,30,49,78,125,200 mg/l nominal concentrations were used

Details on test conditions:

WoE 2: TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 50 ml glass vessel
- fill volume: 25 ml
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water:
Natural water (surface or ground water), reconstituted water or dechlorinated tap water are acceptable as culturing and dilution water if D. magna survives in it for the duration of the culturing, acclimation and testing without showing signs of stress. Waters in the range pH 6 to pH 9, with hardness between 140 mg/l and 275 mg/l (as CaCO3) are recommended.
As an example, the preparation of dilution water meeting the requirements is described below.
Dissolve known quantities of reagents in water. The dilution water prepared shall have a pH of 7.8 ± 0.5, a hardness of (225 ± 50) mg/l (expressed as CaCO3), a molar Ca + Mg ratio close to 4 + 1 and a dissolved oxygen concentration above 7 mg/l.

Prepare the solutions specified below:
- Calcium chloride solution: Dissolve 117.6 g of calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2.2H2O) in water (4.2) and make up to 1 l with water (4.2).
- Magnesium sulfate solution: Dissolve 49.3 g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO4.7H2O) in water (4.2) and make up to 1 l with water (4.2).
- Sodium bicarbonate solution: Dissolve 25.9 g of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in water (4.2) and make up to 1 l with water (4.2).
- Potassium chloride solution: Dissolve 2.3 g of potassium chloride (KCI) in water (4.2) and make up to 1 l with water (4.2).

Mixing
Mix 2.5 ml of each of the four solutions and make up to 1 l with water.
The dilution water shall be aerated until the dissolved oxygen concentration has reached saturation and the pH has stabilized. If necessary, adjust the pH to 7.8 ± 0.5 by adding sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution or hydrochloric acid (HCI). The dilution water prepared in this way shall not be further aerated before use.

- Sodium hydroxide solution, e.g. [NaOH] : 1 mol/l.
- Hydrochloric acid, e.g. [HCl] : 1 mol/l.

Reference substance:
Dissolve 600 mg of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) in water and make up to 1 l with water (4.2).

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no adjustment done
- Photoperiod: No - Darkness
- Light intensity:

CALCULATION:
EC50 was calculated using non linear regression by the software Prism 4.0

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

116.2 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: 95 % CI: 88.5-152.5 mg/l

Remarks:

WoE 2

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: WoE 3

Results with reference substance (positive control):

WoE 2: - Results with reference substance valid
- EC50: 0.73 mg/L (24 hours)

Reported statistics and error estimates:

WoE 2: EC50 was calculated using non linear regression by the software Prism 4.0

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Based on the overall result observations and effects on the mobility of aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna, it was observed that the EC50 was ranges from > 100 mg/l to 116.2 mg/l.

Executive summary:

Data available for the test chemical have been reviewed to determine the toxicity of test chemical on aquatic invertebrates Daphnia magna. The studies are as mentioned below:

 

Aim of this study was to assess the short term toxicity of test chemical to aquatic invertebrates Daphnia magna. Study was performed according to the OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test) in a static system for the total exposure period of 48 hrs. 0,18, 30, 49, 78,125, 200 mg/l nominal concentrations were used in the study. Effects on immobilisation were observed for 48 hours. With the test substance one positive control Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was also run simultaneously. After the exposure of chemical, effect concentration EC50 was calculated using nonlinear regression by the software Prism 4.0. The median effective concentration (EC50) of the test substance on Daphnia magna was determined to be 116.2 mg/L on the basis of mobility inhibition effects in a 48 hour study. Based on the EC50 value, substance consider likely to be non-hazardous to aquatic invertebrate and cannot be classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

 

Above study was further supported by the study from authoritative database. Principle of this study was to determine the effect of test chemical on the immobility of Daphnia magna in accordance with OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test). Test conducted under the static system for 48 hours. Based on the immobility of Daphnia magna by the test chemical exposure for 48 hours, the EC50 was observed to be > 100 mg/l. Thus based on the EC50 value, test chemical consider to be nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

Thus based on the above both studies, it is observed that the test chemical was nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

Description of key information

Based on the overall result observations and effects on the mobility of aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna, it was observed that the EC50 was ranges from > 100 mg/l to 116.2 mg/l.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

116.2 mg/L

Additional information

Data available for the test chemical, structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals have been reviewed to determine the toxicity of test chemical on aquatic invertebrates Daphnia magna. The studies are as mentioned below:

 

Aim of this study was to assess the short term toxicity of test chemical to aquatic invertebrates Daphnia magna. Study was performed according to the OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test) in a static system for the total exposure period of 48 hrs. 0,18, 30, 49, 78,125, 200 mg/l nominal concentrations were used in the study. Effects on immobilisation were observed for 48 hours. With the test substance one positive control Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was also run simultaneously. After the exposure of chemical, effect concentration EC50 was calculated using nonlinear regression by the software Prism 4.0. The median effective concentration (EC50) of the test substance on Daphnia magna was determined to be 116.2 mg/L on the basis of mobility inhibition effects in a 48 hour study. Based on the EC50 value, substance consider likely to be non-hazardous to aquatic invertebrate and cannot be classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

 

Above study was further supported by the study from authoritative database. Principle of this study was to determine the effect of test chemical on the immobility of Daphnia magna in accordance with OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test). Test conducted under the static system for 48 hours. Based on the immobility of Daphnia magna by the test chemical exposure for 48 hours, the EC50 was observed to be > 100 mg/l. Thus based on the EC50 value, test chemical consider to be nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

Thus based on the above both studies, it is observed that the test chemical was nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.