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EC number: 221-717-7 | CAS number: 3209-22-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to microorganisms, other
- Type of information:
- other: applicant's summary entry
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- secondary literature
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- applicant's summary entry
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Reference
Activated sludge
Bayer AG, 1990
Reliability: 2; Rational for reliability: Guideline study with acceptable restrictions.
The toxicity of 2,3-dichloronitrobenzene to activated sludge was tested under GLP compliance according to the method ISO 8192-1986. A defined amount of activated sludge (6 g/l) was mixed with a synthetic nutrient solution and the respiration rate was measured. The respiration rates at different test substance concentrations were compared. Activated sludge used in the experiment was originated from the laboratory sewage treatment plant, its sensitivity was reviewed with the reference substance 3,5-dichlorophenol. Examined 2,3-dichlorobenzene had a purity of 99.6% and was tested in the following concentrations: 100, 180, 320, 560, and 1000 mg/l. However at concentrations exceeding 100 mg/l 2,3-dichloronitrobenzene was not completely soluble in water anymore. Accompanying analytical measurements of the test substance were not performed. Based on nominal concentrations an EC50 of 592 mg/l was determined.
Photobacterium phosphoreum
Deneer et al., 1989
Reliability: 2; Rational for reliability: Study according to standard procedure. Basic data given.
The test with Photobacterium phosphoreum, and calculations of concentrations causing 50% reduction of bioluminescence after 15 min of exposure were carried out as described in the Beckman Instruments Manual (1982). Test concentrations increased geometrically with a factor of 3.2. The effective concentration was calculated on the basis of added amounts of test material. The 15-min EC50 determined was 1.5 mg/l. This value closely corresponds to the value given by Kaiser and Ribo (1985). Since they determined a 30-min EC50 value the distribution of the test substance between the aqueous phase and the bacteria apparently proceeds very rapidly. This was also observed by Ribo and Kaiser (1983), who found that the differences between 5-, 15- and 30-min EC50 values for a number of chlorinated phenols and benzenes were very small compared to experimental error for compounds with log P up to 5.
Kaiser and Ribo, 1985
Reliability: 2; Rational for reliability: Study according to standard procedure. Basic data given.
The acute toxic concentration (EC50) of 2,3-dichloronitrobenzene to the luminescent Photobacterium phosphoreum was determined with the Microtox test system. The bioassay was performed with some minor changes according to the procedure described by the instrument manufacturer (Beckman Instruments, Inc., Microtox TM System Operating Manual, 1982). Following that procedure, the light emitted by aliquot volumes of the suspension of the reconstituted bacteria, was recorded before and 5, 15 and 30 minutes after the addition of the sample solution. The test was run at least three times, taking as final value the mean of the values falling within the 20% deviation limits after the data reduction. The concentration causing a 50% reduction of the light emitted after 30 minutes of exposure, are reported as the toxicity values for the compound: 30 min-EC50 = 1.46 mg/l.
Maas-Diepeveen and van Leeuwen, 1986
Rel. 2; Rational for reliability: Study according to standard procedure. Basic data given.
The test with Photobacterium phosphoreum (Microtox test: Beckman, model 2055) and the calculation of the EC50 value were carried out in accordance with the procedure described in the Beckman Instruments Manual (1982). Tested 2,3-dichloronitrobenzene had a purity of > 98%. The stock solution of the compound was prepared in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO; Merck, purity 99%). After an exposure period of 15 minutes an EC50 of 1.5 mg/l (95%C.L. 1.4-1.6) was found.
Tetrahymena pyriformis
Schultz, 1999
Rel. 2; Rational for reliability: Basic data given.
Population growth impairment testing with the common ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis (strain GL-C) was conducted following the protocol described by Schultz (1997). This 40-h assay is static in design and uses population density quantitated spectrophotometrically at 540 nm as its end point. The test substance was tested in three replicates. Each test replicate consisted of six to eight different concentrations with duplicate flasks with each concentration. Only replicates with control absorbency values of > 0.6 but < 0.75 were used in the analysis. Two controls were used. In the test an IC50 of 233.5 mg/l was determined.
Description of key information
For transported isolated intermediates according to Reach, Annex XVIII, this endpoint is not a data requirement. However, data is available for this endpoint and is thus reported under the guidance of "all available data".
Other applicant's summary, 2009
Activated sludge
Bayer AG, 1990
Reliability: 2; Rational for reliability: Guideline study with acceptable restrictions.
The toxicity of 2,3-dichloronitrobenzene to activated sludge was tested under GLP compliance according to the method ISO 8192-1986. A defined amount of activated sludge (6 g/l) was mixed with a synthetic nutrient solution and the respiration rate was measured. The respiration rates at different test substance concentrations were compared. Activated sludge used in the experiment was originated from the laboratory sewage treatment plant, its sensitivity was reviewed with the reference substance 3,5-dichlorophenol. Examined 2,3-dichlorobenzene had a purity of 99.6% and was tested in the following concentrations: 100, 180, 320, 560, and 1000 mg/l. However at concentrations exceeding 100 mg/l 2,3-dichloronitrobenzene was not completely soluble in water anymore. Accompanying analytical measurements of the test substance were not performed. Based on nominal concentrations an EC50 of 592 mg/l was determined.
Photobacterium phosphoreum
Deneer et al., 1989
Reliability: 2; Rational for reliability: Study according to standard procedure. Basic data given.
The test with Photobacterium phosphoreum, and calculations of concentrations causing 50% reduction of bioluminescence after 15 min of exposure were carried out as described in the Beckman Instruments Manual (1982). Test concentrations increased geometrically with a factor of 3.2. The effective concentration was calculated on the basis of added amounts of test material. The 15-min EC50 determined was 1.5 mg/l. This value closely corresponds to the value given by Kaiser and Ribo (1985). Since they determined a 30-min EC50 value the distribution of the test substance between the aqueous phase and the bacteria apparently proceeds very rapidly. This was also observed by Ribo and Kaiser (1983), who found that the differences between 5-, 15- and 30-min EC50 values for a number of chlorinated phenols and benzenes were very small compared to experimental error for compounds with log P up to 5.
Kaiser and Ribo, 1985
Reliability: 2; Rational for reliability: Study according to standard procedure. Basic data given.
The acute toxic concentration (EC50) of 2,3-dichloronitrobenzene to the luminescent Photobacterium phosphoreum was determined with the Microtox test system. The bioassay was performed with some minor changes according to the procedure described by the instrument manufacturer (Beckman Instruments, Inc., Microtox TM System Operating Manual, 1982). Following that procedure, the light emitted by aliquot volumes of the suspension of the reconstituted bacteria, was recorded before and 5, 15 and 30 minutes after the addition of the sample solution. The test was run at least three times, taking as final value the mean of the values falling within the 20% deviation limits after the data reduction. The concentration causing a 50% reduction of the light emitted after 30 minutes of exposure, are reported as the toxicity values for the compound: 30 min-EC50 = 1.46 mg/l.
Maas-Diepeveen and van Leeuwen, 1986
Rel. 2; Rational for reliability: Study according to standard procedure. Basic data given.
The test with Photobacterium phosphoreum (Microtox test: Beckman, model 2055) and the calculation of the EC50 value were carried out in accordance with the procedure described in the Beckman Instruments Manual (1982). Tested 2,3-dichloronitrobenzene had a purity of > 98%. The stock solution of the compound was prepared in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO; Merck, purity 99%). After an exposure period of 15 minutes an EC50 of 1.5 mg/l (95%C.L. 1.4-1.6) was found.
Tetrahymena pyriformis
Schultz, 1999
Rel. 2; Rational for reliability: Basic data given.
Population growth impairment testing with the common ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis (strain GL-C) was conducted following the protocol described by Schultz (1997). This 40-h assay is static in design and uses population density quantitated spectrophotometrically at 540 nm as its end point. The test substance was tested in three replicates. Each test replicate consisted of six to eight different concentrations with duplicate flasks with each concentration. Only replicates with control absorbency values of > 0.6 but < 0.75 were used in the analysis. Two controls were used. In the test an IC50 of 233.5 mg/l was determined.
BUA report, 1990
In a test in fermentation tubes the effect of 1,2-dichloronitrobenzene to activated sludge bacteria from municipal sewage treatment plants was determined by measuring the inhibition of gas evolution under anaerobic conditions. A 24h-EC50 of 45 mg/L was determined.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
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