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EC number: 267-510-5 | CAS number: 67874-81-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 10 - 11 September 2015
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 209 (Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test
- Version / remarks:
- (2010)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.11 (Biodegradation: Activated Sludge Respiration Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- (2008)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 8192 (Water quality - Test for inhibition of oxygen consumption by activated sludge for carbonaceous and ammonium oxidation)
- Version / remarks:
- (2007)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- not required
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
According to information obtained by the sponsor Cedramber was expected to be volatile based on predicted values of EpiSuite. The vapour pressure was circa 2.5 Pa but the water solubility was predicted to be low 3.1 mg/L and therefore the Henry coefficient was quite high. Therefore, 1-Litre test bottles were filled with 200 mL of test item mixtures in Milli-RO water (tap-water purified by reverse osmosis; Millipore Corp., Bedford, Mass., USA) with initial loading rates of 2.5 times the final loading rate. The test item was pipetted below the surface of the Milli-RO water and stirred in closed dark brown bottles briefly to mix (5 minutes). Subsequently, 16 mL synthetic medium made up to 50 mL with Milli-RO water and 250 mL sludge were added resulting in loading rates of 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L. Optimal contact between the test item and test organisms was ensured applying continuous aeration and stirring. - Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge of a predominantly domestic sewage
- Details on inoculum:
- - Inoculum: A sample of activated sludge was obtained the day before the start of the tests from the municipal sewage treatment plant: 'Waterschap Aa en Maas', 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands, receiving predominantly domestic sewage.
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: The sludge was coarsely sieved (1 mm) and allowed to settle. The supernatant was removed and ISO-medium was added. A small amount of the sludge was weighed and dried overnight at ca. 105°C to determine the amount of suspended solids (3.0 g/L of sludge, as used for the test). The pH was 7.4 on the day of testing. The batch of sludge was used one day after collection; therefore 50 mL of synthetic medium (=sewage feed) was added per litre of activated sludge at the end of the collection day. The sludge was kept aerated at test temperature until use.
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 3 h
- Test temperature:
- The temperature continuously measured in the temperature control vessels ranged between 18.0 and 21.3°C during the test.
- pH:
- Initial (before addition of the sludge): 7.7 - 7.8.
Final (after the 3h exposure period): 7.2 - 8.2 - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- - Nominal concentrations (0 (control), 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L (loading rates).
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM:
- Test vessel: All glass open dark-brown bottles
- Fill volume: 500 mL of test solution
- Aeration: Clean, oil-free air, The aeration was adjusted in such a way that the dissolved oxygen concentration at the start was above 60-70% saturation (60% of air saturation is > 5 mg/L at 20°C) and to maintain the sludge flocs in suspension.
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): Loading rate 10 and 100 mg/L: 1, Loading rate 1000 mg/L: 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
- No. of vessels of the nitrification control: 2
- No. of vessels of the highest loading rate with a nitrification inhibitor: 3
- No. of vessels of the abiotic control: 1
- Suspended solids concentration: 1.5 g/L (determined by reviewer: the suspended solids concentration of the sludge was 3.0 g/L. The sludge was diluted twice in the test vessels)
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Tap-water purified by reverse osmosis (Millipore Corp., Bedford, Mass., USA).
- Culture medium: Adjusted ISO medium, formulated using RO-water (tap-water purified by reverse osmosis; GEON Waterbehandeling, Berkel-Enschot, The Netherlands) with the following composition:
CaCl2.2H2O 211.5 mg/L
MgSO4.7H2O 88.8 mg/L
NaHCO3 46.7 mg/L
KCl 4.2 mg/L
- Synthetic medium (sewage feed): In accordance with OECD 209.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: rate of oxygen consumption at the end of the period - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3.5-dichlorophenol (3,5-DCP)
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: An EL50 that is higher than the water solubility can be justified because undissolved test substance is found to be less confounding in microbial tests than in tests with higher organisms (see IR/CSA guidance R7b version 2.0, section R.7.8.17.3)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: NOEL (No Observed Loading rate)
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: A NOEL that is higher than the water solubility can be justified because undissolved test substance is found to be less confounding in microbial tests than in tests with higher organisms (see IR/CSA guidance R7b version 2.0, section R.7.8.17.3)
- Details on results:
- - The inhibition of the total respiration rate was -8%, 13% and 15% (average) at 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L, respectively. No statistically significant inhibition of the respiration rate of the sludge was recorded at a loading rate of 1000 mg/L.
- There was no oxygen uptake from abiotic processes and the result at 1000 mg/L with a nitrification inhibitor showed that the heterotrophic inhibition of the respiration rate was comparable to the total inhibition. Based on the results of the total and heterotrophic inhibition, nitrification was calculated to be 19% inhibited. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - The EC50 for 3,5-DCP was 4.8 mg/L
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- An effect was considered to be significant if statistical analysis of the data obtained for the test concentrations compared with those obtained in the blank control revealed significant inhibition of the respiration rate (Two-sample t-test Procedure, α=0.05, one-sided smaller).
The calculations were performed with ToxRat Professional v.3.0.0 (ToxRat Solutions® GmbH, Germany). - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- See 'Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables'.
- Conclusions:
- In microorganisms in activated sludge the EL50 and NOEL were >1000 mg/L and 1000 mg/L, respectively.
- Executive summary:
In a 3 h activated sludge respiration inhibition study conducted according to OECD guideline 209, microorganisms in activated sludge were exposed to Cedramber (mono-constituent) at loading rates of 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L.
The inhibition of the total respiration rate was -8%, 13% and 15% (average) at 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L, respectively. No statistically significant inhibition of the respiration rate of the sludge was recorded at a loading rate of 1000 mg/L.
There was no oxygen uptake from abiotic processes and the result at 1000 mg/L with a nitrification inhibitor showed that the heterotrophic inhibition of the respiration rate was comparable to the total inhibition. Based on the results of the total and heterotrophic inhibition, nitrification was calculated to be 19% inhibited.
Reference
Description of key information
In a 3 h activated sludge respiration inhibition study conducted according to OECD guideline 209, microorganisms in activated sludge were exposed to Cedramber (mono-constituent) at loading rates of 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L. The inhibition of the total respiration rate was -8%, 13% and 15% (average) at 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L, respectively. No statistically significant inhibition of the respiration rate of the sludge was recorded at a loading rate of 1000 mg/L. There was no oxygen uptake from abiotic processes and the result at 1000 mg/L with a nitrification inhibitor showed that the heterotrophic inhibition of the respiration rate was comparable to the total inhibition. Based on the results of the total and heterotrophic inhibition, nitrification was calculated to be 19% inhibited.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC10 or NOEC for microorganisms:
- 1 000 mg/L
Additional information
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