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EC number: 267-510-5 | CAS number: 67874-81-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 10 October - 20 November 2015
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- (2004)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Version / remarks:
- (2008)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Guidance document on aquatic toxicity testing of difficult substances and mixtures, OECD series on testing and assessment number 23, December 14, 2000
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Test concentrations were verified by chemical analysis. Water samples (3 mL, in duplicate) were taken from the approximate centre of the test vessels of the control and each exposure level at the start and end of both 24-h (renewal) periods. Samples were stored in the freezer until analysis.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
Preparation of test solutions started with a loading rate of 100 mg/L applying a two-day period of magnetic stirring followed by an one-hour settlement period. The aqueous Water Soluble Fraction (WSF) was siphoned off and used as the highest test concentration or as a stock solution. The lower test concentrations were prepared by subsequent dilutions of the WSF in test medium. The final test solutions were all clear and colourless - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna (Straus 1820)
- Strain: not stated
- Source: in-house laboratory culture with a known history (at least third generation, obtained by acyclical parthenogenesis under specified breeding conditions)
- Age at study initiation: young daphnids with an age of < 24 hours, from parental daphnids of more than two weeks old
- Method of breeding: start of each batch with newborn daphnids, i.e. less than 3 days old, by placing about 250 of them into 5 litres of medium in an all-glass culture vessel. Renewal of the cultures: after 7 days of cultivation half of the medium twice a week.
- Feeding during test: no - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 180 mg/L (as CaCO3)
- Test temperature:
- 20°C
- pH:
- 7.9 - 8.4
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.8 - 9.4 mg O2/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- - Nominal concentrations: 0 (control), 1.0, 2.2, 4.6, 10, 22, 46% 100% of the WSF prepared at 100 mg/L (based on range-finding test).
- Measured concentrations (geom. mean): n.d., 0.030, 0.061, 0.15, 0.33, 0.69 and 1.3 mg/L
Measured concentrations range from 73 - 92 % of inital at the end of the first renewal period (t=0-24 hours) and 70-116 % of initial at the end of the second renewal period (t=24-48 hours). - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Tests were performed in closed airtight all-glass vessels (50 mL) completely filled up with test solutions.
- Six test concentrations (1.0, 2.2, 4.6, 10, 22 and 46% of WSF prepared at 100 mg/L) plus one control each in 4-fold with 5 animals/test vessel (i.e. 20 animals/concentration).
- Loading rate: 10 mL test solution per organism
- Test vessels were maintained at 20 °C under a photoperiod of 16 hours light : 8 hours dark and without supplementary aeration or feeding during the 48 hour exposure period.
- The temperature was measured continuously and the pH and dissolved oxygen levels were recorded at the start and at the end of the study.
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Test medium: adjusted ISO
- Culture medium different from test medium: yes (M7)
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
Immobility at 0, 24 and 48h. Daphnia were considered to be immobilised if they were unable to swim for approximately 15 seconds after gentle agitation. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.48 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 0.40 - 0.57 mg/L
- Details on results:
- No immobility was observed up to a concentration of 0.15 mg/l. At higher concentrations the effect increased with increased concentration ranging from 15% at 0.33 mg/l to complete inhibition at 1.3 mg/L.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - 48-h EC50: 0.39 mg/L (September 2015)
- Results with reference substance valid? yes - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The 24-h and 48-h EC50 values were calculated from the weibits of the percentages of affected daphnids and the logarithms of the corresponding test substance concentrations (average exposure) using the maximum likelihood estimation method.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- See 'Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables'.
- Conclusions:
- The 48 h EC50 (immobilisation) value for Daphnia magna is 0.48 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
A study was performed to assess the acute toxicity of the substance to Daphnia magna under semi-static conditions (renewal period: 24 hours). The study was conducted in accordance with OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals No. 202.
Groups of twenty daphnids (less than 24 hours old) were exposed for 48 hours to six concentrations of the substance dispersed in test water (1.0 - 46 % of a WSF prepared at a loading rate of 100 mg/L) and a control. The incidence of immobilisation was recorded for each test and control group at 24 hours and at 48 hours and the following endpoint was determined: 48-h EC50 = 0.48 mg/L. All results are expressed in terms of geometric mean measured concentrations. Measured concentrations ranged from 73 - 92 % of inital at the end of the first renewal period (t=0-24 hours) and 70-116 % of initial at the end of the second renewal period (t=24-48 hours).
Reference
Table: Immobility (percentage of 20 animals introduced at t=0h)
Average measured exposure concentration (mg/L) |
Percentage immobility |
||
t=0h |
t=24h |
t=48h |
|
0 (control) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.030 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.061 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.15 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.33 |
0 |
0 |
15 |
0.69 |
0 |
15 |
85 |
1.3 |
0 |
55 |
100 |
Table: Percentage of WSF prepared at 100 mg/L,initial and mean initial exposure concentrations
Nominal Concentration (mg/L)* |
Measured concentration (mg/L) |
||||
t=0h (fresh) |
T=24h (old) |
t=24h (fresh) |
T=48h (old) |
Average |
|
2.2 |
0.032 |
0.027 |
0.035 |
0.028 |
0.030 |
4.6 |
0.0802 |
0.064 |
0.047 |
0.054 |
0.061 |
10 |
0.172 |
0.127 |
0.152 |
0.146 |
0.15 |
22 |
0.347 |
0.321 |
0.335 |
0.305 |
0.33 |
46 |
0.777 |
0.568 |
0.769 |
0.661 |
0.69 |
100 |
1.48 |
1.21 |
1.54 |
1.07 |
1.3 |
* As % of the WSF prepared at 100 mg/L
Description of key information
A study was performed to assess the acute toxicity of the substance to Daphnia magna under semi-static conditions (renewal period: 24 hours). The study was conducted in accordance with OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals No. 202. Groups of twenty daphnids (less than 24 hours old) were exposed for 48 hours to six concentrations of the substance dispersed in test water (1.0 - 46 % of a WSF prepared at a loading rate of 100 mg/L) and a control. The incidence of immobilisation was recorded for each test and control group at 24 hours and at 48 hours and the following endpoint was determined: 48-h EC50 = 0.48 mg/L. All results are expressed in terms of geometric mean measured concentrations. Measured concentrations ranged from 73 - 92 % of inital at the end of the first renewal period (t=0-24 hours) and 70-116 % of initial at the end of the second renewal period (t=24-48 hours).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 0.48 mg/L
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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