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EC number: 931-597-4 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to non-target arthropods on natural substrate (NTA other than pollinators)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- no data
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Non-GLP compliant, non-guideline experimental study. Study published in a scientific, peer reviewed journal.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- A laboratory study using microcosms.Each ash treated microcosm received 2,8 g wood ash corresponding to 5000 kg wood ash per hectare. Microarthropods were later reintroduced into the systems.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Application method:
- soil
- Details on sampling:
- First sampling 15 weeks after the start of the experiment, second sampling week 17, third sampling week 27, fourth sampling week 54. At each sampling five replicates per treatment were taken. Microarthropods were extracted from approximately 10 g f.m. soil sample using a modified high-gradient extractor.
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- Humus was collected from a pine forest near the city of Jyväskylä, central Finland, sieved through a 1-cm sieve and autoclaved. After sieving soil pH was 4,2, water content 58 % of fresh mass and loss on ignition 48 %. Because the acidity of the soil increased during autoclaving (pH 3,7), 1,0 g CaCO3 to 1 kg fresh mass soil was added, raising the pH to 4,7. Then the soil was stored in plastic bags for 1 month at room temperature. Litter materials (pH 5,8, water content 46 %, LOI 91 %) consisting on birch leaves, spruce and pine needles, were cut into pieces, mixed in equal proportions and defaunated by heating (+60 ◦C for 24 h). Half of the material was treated with wood ash which was carefully mixed into the soil and litter, and the other part was left as ash free controls. Each ash treated microcosm received 2,8 g wood ash corresponding to 5000 kg wood ash per hectare. Microarthropods were later reintroduced into the systems.
- Test organisms (species):
- other: no data on species
- Animal group:
- other: mites and collembolas
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Total exposure duration:
- 54 wk
- Test temperature:
- Incubation conditions were set up to simulate summer (+17°C), autumn (day +7°C, night + 5°C), winter (+2,5-+4°C) and spring (day +7°C, night +5°C).
- Photoperiod and lighting:
- summer daily cycle of 16 h light, illumination 350 µmol/m2/s, autumn daily cycle of 10 light, winter 5 h of light, spring 10 h light
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 54 wk
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Remarks:
- Biomass of microarthropods was the endpoint used in the study. No LC-, EC-, NOEC or LOEC values were determined.
- Details on results:
- Wood ash had a negative effect on the biomass of microarthropods.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- - Wood ash had a negative effect on the biomass of microarthropods (F=16.84, P<0.001)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Wood ash had a negative effect on the biomass of microarthropods.
- Executive summary:
A non -GLP, non -guideline laboratory microcosm experiment was established using a simulated coniferous forest floor with humus and litter layers, and a seedling of silver birch (Betula pendula). Systems were established with or without wood ash amendment. The biomass of microarthropods was measured. Wood ash had a negative effect on the biomass of microarthropods.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to non-target arthropods field studies (NTA other than pollinators)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1997-2000
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Non-GLP compliant, non-guideline experimental study. Study published in a scientific, peer reviewed journal.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Eight experimental plots, 30 x 30 m2 in size, were established in the study site. Half of the experimental plots received 3000 kg of wood ash / ha and the other half was left as ash-free control plots. Twenty plastic field mesocosms, lysimeters, with a layered structure of mineral soil, humus and litter layers and a seedling of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris, L.) growing in the systems, were placed on the plots. To allow the entrance of soil fauna, the lysimeters were dug into the ground so that the upper half of the openings on the lysimeter walls were left above the ground.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Application method:
- soil
- Details on sampling:
- At each sampling two soil samples (each 25 cm2 in area) were taken both from the soil outside the lysimeters and from inside.
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- The humus and litter materials and the mineral soil used in lysimeters were collected from a pine forest near Jyväskylä, central Finland. The soil materials were gently sieved through 2 cm sieve and defaunated by heating (+51 ◦C for 20 h). After this humus pH was 3,8 and water content 61,3 % of fresh mass, water content of litter and soil were 60,2 and 15,2 % respectively.
- Animal group:
- other: mites and collembolans
- Study type:
- semi-field study
- Total exposure duration:
- 152 wk
- Remarks:
- first sampling at week 40, second sampling at week 58, third sampling at week 95, fourth at week 111 and fifth at week 152.
- pH (if soil or dung study):
- In ash-free soil pH was 4,1 in June 1998; 3,7 in October 1998; 3,8 in June 1999; 3,7 in October 1999 and July 2000.
In ash-treated soil pH was 4,7 in June 1998; 5,1 in October 1998; 5,2 in June 1999; 4,5 in October 1999 and 4,1 in July 2000. - Duration:
- 152 wk
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Remarks:
- Biomass of microarthropods was the endpoint used in the study. No LC-, EC-, NOEC or LOEC values were determined.
- Details on results:
- Microarthropod biomass was unaffected by the ash treatment.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Microarthropod biomass was unaffected by the ash treatment
- Executive summary:
The effects of ash on the biomass of microarthropods were studied in a non -GLP, non-guideline field experiment. Microarthropod biomass was unaffected by the ash treatment.
Referenceopen allclose all
See illustration: Biomass of microarthropods before (thebaseline sampling) and immediately after the drought (theresistance sampling), and 10 and 37 weeks after the drought (the1st and 2nd resilience samplings) in the ash-free and ash-treated soil (cash-free soil,c+eash-free soil withC. sphagnetorum,aash-treated soil,a+eash-treated soil withC. sphagnetorum,no dist.ash-free soil without drought)
Microarthropods ( µg/g d.m.soil)
Ash free soil | Ash treated soil | |
June 1998 | 207,7 ± 140,3 | 171,6 ± 119,2 |
October 1998 | 86,6 ± 20,1 | 119,1 ± 42,5 |
June 1999 | 156,4 ± 70,9 | 71,0 ± 13,4 |
October 1999 | 118,3 ± 30,6 | 83,6 ± 48,3 |
July 2000 | 131,9 ± 94,6 | 145,2 ± 99,4 |
Description of key information
Toxicity of ash to terrestrial arthropods was estimated based on two scientific publications from literature. Impacts of ash amendments on biomass of microarthropods was studied in microcosm (1st onvestigation) and field (2nd investigation). Ash treatment has been shown to induce a decrease in the biomass of microarthropods (mites and collembolans) in microcosms laboratory study. However, the effect was not found in a field experiment. There is no data on possible recovery of the populations.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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