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EC number: 931-597-4 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 7 June 2010
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP compliant guideline study.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: BS ISO 13320:2009
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- 25 February 2009
- Type of method:
- Laser scattering/diffraction
- Type of distribution:
- volumetric distribution
- Percentile:
- D50
- Mean:
- ca. 35.873 µm
- St. dev.:
- 0.96
- Remarks on result:
- other: Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter
- Percentile:
- D10
- Mean:
- < 1.756 µm
- St. dev.:
- 0.02
- Percentile:
- D50
- Mean:
- < 28.36 µm
- St. dev.:
- 0.76
- Percentile:
- D90
- Mean:
- < 274.639 µm
- St. dev.:
- 6.4
- Conclusions:
- Particle size distribution of Ash was 0.2 - 2000 µm. The Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter of Ash was 35.9 µm. By volume, 36.6 % of Ash particles were <10.00 µm.
- Executive summary:
Ash particle size distribution was analysed in a GLP laboratory using the standard BS ISO 13320:2009 accordant Laser Diffraction method. Particle size distribution of Ash was determined to be 0.2 - 2000 µm. The Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter of Ash was 35.9 µm and the volume weighted mean was 90.301 µm. By volume, 36.6 % of Ash particles were smaller than 10.00 µm. The major proportion (90%) of Ash particles were smaller than 275 µm.
- Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- Study was conducted between 4 June 2010 and 7 June 2010
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP, non-guideline experimental investigation
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Particle size analysis based on visual, 100x and 400x observations and sieving analysis.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- 25 February 2009
- Type of distribution:
- volumetric distribution
- Percentile:
- D50
- Mean:
- > 3 - < 651 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: Microscopic visual observation at 100 x magnification ('Mass median diameter' as D50 percentile. No source field for Standard deviation.)
- Size:
- > 2 000 µm
- Distribution:
- 0.2 %
- Size:
- < 2 000 µm
- Distribution:
- 99.8 %
- Conclusions:
- Of the Ash particles, 99.8 % were smaller than 2000 µm. According to the optical microscope observation at 100 x magnification, the Ash particles were irregularly shaped with mean sizes between 3 and 651 µm.
- Executive summary:
Particle size of Ash was screened visually and with optical microscope observation at 100 x and 400 x magnification. Visually, Ash was observed to consist of grey particles which formed clusters. The more detailed microscopic observation showed irregular shaped particles, of which 99.8 % were smaller than 2000 μm. The smallest mean particle size was approximately 3 μm and the largest mean size was approximately 651 μm.
Referenceopen allclose all
The method development phase of the analysis indicated that the most appropriate test and material parameters to obtain the optimum measurement were:
Dispersant : Air
Dispersion pressure : 3 barg
Refractive index (sample) : 0.0 n
Absorption : 0.0 AU
Analysis Model : General Purpose (Normal)
Using the identified parameters, the particle size was analysed over the range 0.02 μm to 2000 μm. Sample particulates were inspected in various solvents but found to agglomerates; therefore dry powder analysis was deemed more suitable. The results of the formal analysis are presented in the table. In addition, a graph of volume (%) versus Particle Diameter (μm), and full particle size distribution, is provided in Graph 8.A (Average of 5 runs).
Table 1. Full test results
RUN 1 | RUN 2 | RUN 3 | RUN 4 | RUN 5 | **Average | |
Volume weighted Mean | 92.260 | 90.506 | 86.991 | 89.611 | 92.136 | 90.301 |
Median (d.50) | 29.403 | 28.745 | 27.989 | 28.571 | 27.149 | 28.360 |
Mode (μm) | 204.479 | 202.219 | 171.821 | 182.880 | 208.572 | 196.171 |
*MMAD | 37.192 | 36.36 | 35.403 | 36.139 | 34.341 | 35.873 |
10 % of material is < | 1.775 | 1.768 | 1.760 | 1.767 | 1.710 | 1.756 |
50 % of material is < | 29.403 | 28.745 | 27.989 | 28.571 | 27.149 | 28.360 |
90 % of material is < | 277.672 | 273.194 | 263.605 | 275.056 | 283.089 | 274.639 |
All results are in μm
* Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter
** Average result is calculated from the entirety of data captured in each run and is not a simple arithmetic mean.
36.63 % by volume of sample was seen to be < 10.00 μm.
Table 2. Standard Deviation results
Run No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | STDVP | % STDV |
d10 | 1.775 | 1.768 | 1.760 | 1.767 | 1.710 | 0.02 | 1.34 |
d50 | 29.403 | 28.745 | 27.989 | 28.571 | 27.149 | 0.76 | 2.68 |
d90 | 277.672 | 273.194 | 263.605 | 275.056 | 283.089 | 6.40 | 2.33 |
d15.78 | 42.660 | 42.730 | 42.680 | 42.480 | 43.560 | 0.38 | 0.88 |
GSD | 0.689 | 0.673 | 0.656 | 0.673 | 0.623 | 0.02 | 3.38 |
MMAD | 37.192 | 36.360 | 35.403 | 36.139 | 34.341 | 0.96 | 2.68 |
GSD = Geometric standard deviation STDVP=Standard deviation of the population.
Coefficient of variation for d50 is less than 3%; d10 and d90 are less than 5%. Thus repeatability of the characteristic particles in the size distribution are within the acceptable limits as per the ISO 13320 test standard.
Standard visual observation
Sample observed to be large grey particles which formed clusters. Some particles believed to be > 2000 μm therefore a separate manual sieve analysis was performed.
Observation at 100 x magnification
The particles appeared to be irregular shaped crystals. The smallest mean particle size was approximately 3 μm and the largest mean size was approximately 651 μm.
Observation at 400 x magnification
The sample was observed to be made up of single crystalline particles.
Table 1. Full Test Results from the Manual Sieve Analysis
Sieve size (μm) | Sieve weight (g) | Sieve + powder weight (g) | Powder weight (g) | % by weight |
>2000 | 325.8 | 325.9 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
<2000 | 241.7 | 291.6 | 49.9 | 99.8 |
TOTALS | 50 | 100 |
Description of key information
The particle size distribution of Ash was determined with optical microscope analysis, sieving analysis and Laser Diffraction method. The Laser Diffraction analysis was performed according to BS ISO 13320:2009 standard. The particle size distribution was 0.2 - 2000 µm. The Mass Median Diameter was 35.873 µm and the volume weighted mean was 90.301 µm.
Additional information
Particle size distribution of Ash was determined to be 0.2 - 2000 µm. Totally, 99.8% of the particles fit inside this range. According to the optical microscope observation at 100 x magnification, the Ash particles were irregularly shaped crystals with mean sizes between 3 and 651 µm. On the basis of Laser diffraction analysis, Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter of Ash was 35.9 µm and volume weighted mean was 90.301 µm. The major proportion (90%) of Ash particles had an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 275 µm. Volumetric proportions of certain smaller particle sizes of Ash are presented in table 1.
Table 1. Volumetric proportions of inhalation toxicologically relevant particle sizes of Ash presented as aerodynamic diameter.
Particle size (µm) |
% vol |
<100 |
68 |
<10 |
37 |
<5 |
26 |
<1 |
5 |
<0.1 |
0 |
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