Tin dioxide

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

from 26th March 2012 to 25th April 2012

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP study in compliance with international recognized guidelines

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Specific details on test material used for the study:

SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch number of test material:
2012-000203
- Expiration date of the lot/batch:
07/02/2013, W0167
- Purity test date:
> 99.9%, 23/01/2011



INFORMATION ON NANOMATERIALS
- Chemical Composition:
Tin Dioxide
- Density:
6.936 g/cm³
- Particle size & distribution:
10-100 nm; 78
- Specific surface area: 7.4293 ± 0.0132 m²/g

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

The analytical verification of test item concentrations in test medium was done by analysing the content of tin dioxide in the samples. samples were taken at 0h (initial value) from fresh test solution after 24, 48, 72 and 96h from aged test solution.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

The test item solution for the test was prepared with test medium as described in the table below. The necessary amount of tin dioxide was weighted on weighing scoops and transferred to the appropriate aquarium filled with test medium.
Nom. Conc. Test vessel [mg/L] solution No. test item (required) [mg] Volume [mL] Application [mg/L] test solution [L]
100 / 2000 / / 20
0 control / / / 20

Test organisms (species):

Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)

Details on test organisms:

Species: oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)
size: 4-6 cm
producer: Forellenzucht Lohmuhle, D-72275 Alpirsbach-Ehlenbogen
Acclimatation:
fish for the test were obtained from the supplier on the 8th march 2012 (acclimatation ≥ 12 days) and held under testing conditions in 300L containers with continuous renewal of water (5-10% per day) and permanent aeration of water. The fish held under identical conditions for the entire ère-esxperiment period. 24h before initiation of the test feeding was stopped.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

no data

Hardness:

the total hardness was between 140 - 250 mg/L (as CaCO3), corresponding to 7.8 - 14°dH.

Test temperature:

the water temperature was 15 to 17°C.

pH:

the pH value of the aerated water was between 6.0 and 8.5.

Dissolved oxygen:

the dissolved oxygen was above 60% saturation

Salinity:

no data, composition according to the guideline.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

The content of tin dioxide in the samples was below the limit quantification. The solubility of tin from tin dioxide in double distilled water at 20°C is below the limit of quantification (2.5 µ/L). therefore the assessment of toxicological results was based on nominal concentrations.

Details on test conditions:

test procedure: static test
duration: 96h
temperature: 15.0 - 15.8°C
oxygen concentration: ≥ 97% of air saturation
pH value: 8.29 - 8.45
hardness: 9°dH
exposure to light: 16 hours daily
feeding: no feeding during test
test vassels: 25L stainless steel tanks, filled with 20L
loading: max. loading of 1 g fish/L
aeration: continuous aeration of the test tanks with a membrane pump using a Pasteur pipette
numebr of animals: 7 per concentration, no replicates.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

No sublethal or lethal effects were observed during the test in the ciontrol and in the test item concentration of 100mg/L. At termination of the test, all animals were weighted and measured. The average weight of the test organisms was 0.58 ± 0.11g; the average lenght was 43 ± 3 mm.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

no data

Reported statistics and error estimates:

since no mortality occurred during the test estimation of the LC50 value did not require statistical evaluation.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Since no mortality was observed, the evaluation of the toxicological data did not require the application of statistical methods. The LC50 (96h) and the LC100 (96h) were determined to be above 100 mg/L (nominal) with a probability of 99% according to OECD 203. The LC0 (96h) was observed at 100 mg/L (nominal).

Description of key information

LC50 (96 hrs, Oncorhynchus mykiss): > 100 mg/L

Additional information

A GLP study on acute toxicity on Oncorhynchus mykiss specie is available. The study brings to the conclusion that the substance is not acutely toxic to freshwater fish when tested according to OECD guideline 203 (Fish, acute toxicity test).

The key study has been performed on Tin Dioxide nanoform.

Available data on Acute Toxicity on Fish 96h, were found in the "WHO 2005 TIN AND INORGANIC TIN COMPOUNDS" Summary:

The fish toxicity tests clearly show that tin(IV) chloride is less toxic than the more soluble tin(II) chloride. Ninetysix-hour LC50s for fish range from 35 mg/litre for tin(II) to >1000 mg/litre for tin(IV).

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