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EC number: 444-860-9 | CAS number: 474510-57-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2002-11-29 to 2003-01-14
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted 1984
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted 1992
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: in all test medium samples from both sampling times (0 and 72 hours); duplicate
- Sampling method: no data
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: All samples were deep-frozen (at about -20 °C) immediately after sampling - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: preparing of five individual mixtures by mixing and by ultrasonic treatment for 15 minutes and intense stirring for 96 hours
- Eluate: test water
- Differential loading: 1.0, 3.2, 10, 32, and 100 mg/L
- Control: yes - Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Scenedesmus subspicatus CHODAT
- Strain: 86.81 SAG
- Source: Sammlung von Algenkulturen Gottingen
- Method of cultivation: under standardized conditions
ACCLIMATION
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): under standardized conditions according to the test guidelines - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Hardness:
- 0.24 mmol/L (= 24 mg/L) as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 22 °C
- pH:
- 7.9 (start); 7.9 and 8.1 (end)
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- - loading rate: 1.0, 3.2, 10, 32, 100 mg/L
- mean measured concentration: 0.53, 1.5, 2.6, 2.3, 3.0 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 50 mL Erlenmeyer flasks
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Aeration: no aeration
- Initial cells density: 10,000 algal cells per mL test medium
- Control end cells density: 63.80 cell number x 10,000/mL
- No. of organisms per vessel: 15 mL algal suspension for each replicate ( 10,000 algal cells per mL test medium)
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: tested in synthetic test water, prepared according to the test guidelines
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: pH (start and end); temperature and appearance of the test media: daily
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Light intensity and quality: about 8500 Lux (mean value), range: 7890 to 9150 Lux
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: The loading rates were based on the results of a range-finding test and on the results of pre-experiments to the solubility of the test item (without GLP). However, loading rates above 100 mg/L were not tested according to the guidelines. The enlarged spacing factor of 3.2 between the loading rates was chosen according to the results of the range-finding test.
- Range finding study: yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate is tested as a positive control at least once per year
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.53 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: growth rate and biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: loading rate
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: loading rate
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: loading rate
- Basis for effect:
- other: growth rate and biomass
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Colour differences: No remarkable observations were made concerning the appearance of test media. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The test substance is with high probability not acutely harmful to aquatic algae.
- Executive summary:
In this guidleine (OECD 201) study conducted with GLP certification, the 72 hour EC50 of the test material (EC 444-860-9) to algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus) was estimated to be >3.0 mg/l. The test was conducted in freshwater, static, conditions. Test concentrations ranged from 1 to 100 mg/l (nominal). As the 72 hour EC50 is above 1.0 mg/l, this result does not trigger classification of the test material as hazardous to the aquatic environment according to CLP 1272/2008.
Reference
The 72-hour NOEC was determined to be at the loading rate of 1.0 mg/L (mean measured 0.53 mg/L). The observed inhibition of 5 % compared to the control was considered to be within the normal range of biological variations and was not considered to be a toxic effect caused by the test item.
The 72-hour LOEC was determined to be at the loading rate of 3.2 mg/L (mean measured 1.5 mg/L) since the growth was statistically significanfiy reduced at this loading rate and above (results of Dunnett-tests, one-sided, a = 0.05).
The EC50-values for the algal biomass (b) and the growth rate (r) after 72 hours test durafion could not be determined since the inhibition of growth was at the loading rates of 3.2 to 100 mg/L below 50%. At the loading rates of 10 to 100 mg/L, the inhibition of growth rate was about 10 to 13% and the inhibifion of biomass amounted to about 30 to 38%. The EC50 for growth rate and biomasse was estimated to be higher than 3 mg/L on the basis of mean measured concentrations of the test item.
The microscopic examination of the algal cells after 72 hours test period showed no difference between the algae growing in the WAF with the loading rate of 32 mg/L and the algal cells in the control. The shape and size of the algal cells growing in test media containing the test item at up to this test concentrafion were obviously not affected. In the control, the cell density has increased from nominal N = 1 x 104 cells/mL at the start of the test (0 hours) to N = 64 x 104 cells/mL (mean value) after 72 hours. Thus, the algal growth in the control was sufficienfiy high under the test condifions and the validity criterion of increase of cell density by at least a factor of 16 over the duration of the study was fulfilled.
No remarkable observations were made concerning the appearance of test media. The test media of all test concentrafions remained clear throughout the entire test period.
Description of key information
Study conducted to recognised testing guidelines with GLP certification.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 3 mg/L
Additional information
The effects of the test substance on algae were investigated in a GLP-study according to OECD guideline 201. Since the test item contains two different isomers, five WAFs (water accommodated fractions) with loading rates of 1.0, 3.2, 10, 32, and 100 mg/L were used. The test was performed under static conditions using Scenedesmus subspicatus as test species and the test concentration were analytically measured at the beginning and at the end of the test (sum of both isomers). The test item concentrations decreased during the test duration of 72 h. This decrease was considered to be due to photolytical degradation of the test item due to the intensive irradiation.
Based on growth rate an EC50 (72 h) > 100 mg/L loading rate (> 3 mg/L mean measured) was reported. Additionally, an NOEC (72 h) = 1 mg/L loading rate (= 0.53 mg/L mean measured) was determined (RCC Ltd., 2003). The test substance is with high probability not acutely harmful to aquatic algae.
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