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EC number: 444-860-9 | CAS number: 474510-57-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2002-11-18 to 2003-01-10
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 1984
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Version / remarks:
- 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: duplicate samples from each test medium and control; just before test start, after 48 h
- Sampling method: additional flasks with adequate volumes of the freshly prepared test media of all test concentrations and the control were incubated during the test period under the same conditions as in the actual test
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: All samples were deep-frozen (at about -20 °C) immediately after sampling. Based on preexperiments for invesfigation of the storage stability (without GLP) the test item is sufficienfiy stable in the test water under the storage conditions. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Prior to the start of the test, four individual mixtures with loading rates of 1.0, 2.2, 4.6, and 10 mg/L were prepared. For the dispersion with the loading rate of 1.0 mg/L, the amount of 4.2 mg of the test item was mixed into 4200 mL test water by ultrasonic treatment for 15 minutes and intense sfirring. The dispersions with the loading rates of 2.2, 4.6, and 10 mg/L were prepared by mixing 6.6, 13.8, and 30.1 mg of the test item into 3000 mL test water, respectively. No auxiliary solvent or emulsifier was used. The dispersions were stirred on a magnetic sfirrer at room temperature in the dark for 96 hours to dissolve a maximal amount of the test item in test water.After the stirring period of 96 hours, the dispersions were filtered through a membrane filter just before the start of the test. The filtrates of the dispersions with dissolved test item were tested on the daphnids as WAFs. The WAF with the lowest loading rate of 0.46 mg/L was prepared by dilution of the WAF with the loading rate of 1.0 mg/L due to technical reasons. Addifionally, a control was tested in parallel.
- Eluate: test water
- Differential loading: loading rates of 1.0, 2.2, 4.6, and 10 mg/L
- Controls: yes - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna Straus
- Source: the University of Sheffield/UK in 1992
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 6-24 hours old
- Method of breeding: the clone is bred in the laboratories of RCC in reconstituted water of the quality idenfical to the water quality used in the tests
- Feeding during test: none
- Food type: none
- Amount: none
- Frequency: none - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 2.5 mmol/L (=250.0 mg/L) as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 20 - 21 °C during the test period
- pH:
- 7.8 to 7.9
- Dissolved oxygen:
- at least 8.2 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- - loading rates: 0.46, 1.0, 2.2, 4.6, 10 mg/L
- mean measured concentration: 0.42, 0.76, 1.8, 3.9, 5.0 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 100 mL glass beakers filled with 50 mL test medium
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Aeration: no aeration
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates):2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates):2
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): no data
- Biomass loading rate: The loading rate was lower than one daphnia per 2 mL of test solution.
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: reconstituted test water
- Total organic carbon: The test water was aerated until oxygen saturation was reached.
- Alkalinity: 0.8 mmol/L
- Ca/mg ratio: 4 : 1 (based on molarity)
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: The test was performed as far as possible in the dark to avoid photolytic degradation of the test item.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Influence on the mobility: at the test start, 24 h, 48 h
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: The loading rates were based on the results of a range-finding test and on the results of preexperiments
to the solubility of the test item.
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: the solubility of the test item
- Range finding study: yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.56 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 0.42 to 0.76 mg/L. confidence interval
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC0
- Effect conc.:
- 0.42 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.42 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC100
- Effect conc.:
- 0.76 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.68 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: loading rate
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 0.46-1.0 mg/L confidence interval
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC0
- Effect conc.:
- 0.46 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: loading rate
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.46 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: loading rate
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC100
- Effect conc.:
- 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: loading rate
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: No significant immobility of the test organisms was determined and in the WAF with the loading rate of 0.46 mg/L. At the loading rate of 0.46 mg/L (mean measured 0.42 mg/L), one test organism was immobile at the observafion after 48 hours. However this immobilizafion rate was not esfimated to be a significant toxic effect because according to the test guidelines, this immobilization rate is also tolerated in the control. At the loading rates of 1.0 to 10 mg/L (mean measured 0.76 to 5.0 mg/L), all daphnids were immobile with the excepfion of 4 daphnids at the loading rate of 2.2 mg/L (mean measured 1.8 mg/L). However, the mobility of these daphnids was also affected.
- Observations on body length and weight: no data
- Mortality of control: none
- Other adverse effects control: no immobility of the test organisms was determined - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The immobility of the daphnids was determined by visual control after 24 and 48 hours of exposure. Those organisms not able to swim within 15 seconds after gentle agitation of the test beaker were considered to be immobile.
The 24-hour and 48-hour EC50 could not be calculated by Probit Analysis or Moving Average Interpolation due to the steep concentrafion-effect relationship. Instead, the EC50 values were determined by linear interpolafion between log-concentrafions and %-immobility.
For the 24-hour EC50, the 95% confidence interval could not be calculated. The test concentrations with 0% and 100% immobility was taken as 95% confidence limits for the 48-hour EC50. The NOEC, ECO, and EC100 were determined directly from the raw data. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The test substance is acutely very toxic to aquatic invertebrates.
- Executive summary:
In this guideline (OECD 202) study, the 48 hour EC50 of the test material (EC 444-860-9) to Daphnia magna was determined to be 0.56 mg/l (mean measured). The test was conducted under static conditions. The result of this test is sufficient to trigger classification and labelling under the EU Classification, Labelling, and Packaging (CLP) regulation (1272/2008) as H400 (Hazardous to the aquatic environment, Category Acute 1) and [due to the absence of adequate chronic toxicity data] H410 (Hazardous to the aquatic environment, Category Chronic 1).
Reference
Since the test item contains two different isomers, five WAFs (water accommodated fracfions) with loading rates of 0.46, 1.0, 2.2, 4.6, and 10 mg/L were prepared prior to the start of the test. Individual dispersions of the test item in test water with loading rates menfioned above were confinuously stirred at room temperature in the dark over 96 hours to dissolve a maximal amount of the test item in test water. No auxiliary solvent or emulsifier was used. The dispersions were filtered through membrane filters (pore size 0.45 µm) just before the start ofthe test. Addifionally, a control was tested in parallel. The analytically measured test item concentrafions in the test media samples (loading rates 0.46, 1.0, 2.2, 4.6, and 10 mg/L) amounted to 0.39, 0.76, 1.8, 4.0, and 4.9 mg/L at the start of the test (sum of both isomers). In these test media, incubated under the test conditions during the test period (but without daphnia), the concentrations found at the end of the test ranged from 98 to 115% of the inifially measured values. Under the test condifions the test item was stable during the test period of 48 hours. The mean measured test item concentrations (calculated as the average over all measurements per test concentration) were 0.42 mg/L (loading rate 0.46 mg/L), 0.76 mg/L (loading rate 1.0 mg/L), 1.8 mg/L (loading rate 2.2 mg/L), 3.9 mg/L (loading rate 4.6 mg/L), and 5.0 mg/L (loading rate 10 mg/L).
The 48-hour EC50 on the basis of loading rates of the WAFs was calculated to be 0.68 mg/L with a 95% confidence interval from 0.46 to 1.0 mg/L. The 48-hour EC50 on the basis of mean measured test item concentrations was calculated to be 0.56 mg/L with a 95% confidence interval from 0.42 to 0.76 mg/L. The 48-hour EC0 and also the 48-hour NOEC (highest concentrafion tested without toxic effects after 48 hours) of the test item was at the loading rate of 0.46 mg/L (mean measured 0.42 mg/L) since no significant immobilizafion was observed in the test organisms up to and including this loading rate. The 48-hour EC100 was at the loading rate of 1.0 mg/L (mean measured 0.76 mg/L).
Description of key information
Study conducted to recognised testing guidelines with GLP certification.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 0.56 mg/L
Additional information
The acute toxicity of the test substance to the water flea Daphnia magna was determined according to the OECD guideline 202 (RCC Ltd., 2003). The test was performed under static conditions. Since the test item contains two different isomers, five WAFs (water accommodated fractions) with loading rates of 0.46, 1.0, 2.2, 4.6, and 10 mg/L have been tested. The test concentrations were analytically verified at the beginning and at the end of the test. The test substance was stable during the test period.
After 48 hours an EC50 value of 0.56 mg/L mean measured (= 0.68 mg/L loading rate) was determined. The NOEC/EC0 was determined to be 0.42 mg/L mean measured (= 0.46 mg/L loading rate) after 48 h. The test substance is acutely very toxic to aquatic invertebrates.
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