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EC number: 217-615-7 | CAS number: 1910-42-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to soil microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to soil microorganisms
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Mar 1992 to Apr 1992
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Domsch KH, Jagnow G and Anderson JH (1983), An Ecological Concept for the Assessment of Side-Effects of Agrochemicals on Soil Microorganisms, Residue Reviews, 86, 65-105.
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Anderson JPE, Dijk H van, Domsch KH, Greaves MP, Poole NJ, Sommerville L and Verstraete W (1985), Recommended Tests for Assessing the Side-Effects of Pesticides on the Soil Microflora. Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop, Cambridge, UK.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- In a laboratory study, a sandy loam and a sandy clay loam soil were treated with the test substance in formulation (a 100 g/L SL formulation) at rates of 4.0 and 0.8 mg a.i./kg soil, approximately equivalent to 3.0 and 0.6 kg a.i./ha incorporated into soil to a depth of 5 cm. The effects of the test substance on ammonification/nitrification and the CO2 respiration were determined.
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- See 'Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables'
- Test organisms (inoculum):
- soil
- Total exposure duration:
- 28 d
- Test temperature:
- 20 ± 1 °C
- Moisture:
- All experiments were performed at 18.3% moisture content in soil #1 and 24.7% moisture content in soil #2. These contents correspond to 40% of their moisture holding capacities at zero suction.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST DESIGN
A detailed description of the methodology is presented in 'Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables'.
SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE SOIL #1
- Name: Frensham soil
- Geographical reference of sampling site: A sandy loam taken from a site on Wishanger Farm, Churt, Near Frensham, Surrey.
- History of site: The site has been maintained for 18 years
- Vegetation cover: Grass
- Treatments with pesticides or fertilizers: During the 18-year period, Frensham has received one application of fertilizer containing 2,4-D as the dimethyleamine salt at 2.4 kg ai/ha in September 1985 to control Ragwort, two applications of a lime (4500 kg ha·1 in 1983 and 5000 kg ha·1 in 19901 and two applications of a fertilizer in 1982 and 1987).
- Depth of sampling: Soil was removed from the 5 - 15 cm horizon at each site.
- % sand: 67
- % silt: 17
- % clay: 16
- Soil taxonomic classification: Sandy loam
- Soil classification system: USDA
- pH: 7.2
- Organic matter (%): 2.2
- Initial nitrate concentration for nitrogen transformation test (mg nitrate/kg dry weight):
- Moisture holding capacity (at zero suction): 46%
- Cation exchange capacity (mequiv/100g): 8.9
- Storage (condition, duration): The soil was transported back to the laboratory in loosely closed polythene bags (to maintain aerobic conditions). When required, the soil was removed from the bags, processed through a 2 mm mesh sieve, then re-bagged as above and stored until required for use in this study. During the processing/storage period (up to 23 days) the soil was held at 4 ± 1 °C (except when being sampled or sieved) in a moist condition (ie not less than approximately 16 and 12 % moisture content in 18 Acres and Frensham soils, respectively).
- Initial microbial biomass as of total organic C (mg/kg soil): 297
SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE SOIL #2
- Name: 18 Acres soil
- Geographical reference of sampling site: A sandy clay loam taken from a site at Nuptown, Jealott's Hill Research Station, Near Bracknell, Berkshire.
- History of site: The site has been maintained for 14 years
- Vegetation cover: Grass
- Treatments with pesticides or fertilizers: The soil has received two applications of mecoprop (2.8 kg ai/ha) in 1980 and 1983 to control Clover but no lime or fertilisers.
- Accidental contamination:
- Storage conditions: The soil was transported back to the laboratory in loosely closed polythene bags (to maintain aerobic conditions). When required, the soil was removed from the bags, processed through a 2 mm mesh sieve, then re-bagged as above and stored until required for use in this study. During the processing/storage period (up to 23 days) the soil was held at 4 ± 1 °C (except when being sampled or sieved) in a moist condition (ie not less than approximately 16 and 12 % moisture content in 18 Acres and Frensham soils, respectively).
- Depth of sampling: Soil was removed from the 5 - 15 cm horizon at each site.
- % sand: 51
- % silt: 27
- % clay: 22
- Soil taxonomic classification: Sandy clay loam
- Soil classification system: USDA
- pH: 7.6
- Organic matter (%): 3.8
- Initial nitrate concentration for nitrogen transformation test (mg nitrate/kg dry weight):
- Moisture holding capacity (at zero suction): 62
- Cation exchange capacity (mequiv/100g): 16.1
- Storage (condition, duration): The soil was transported back to the laboratory in loosely closed polythene bags (to maintain aerobic conditions). When required, the soil was removed from the bags, processed through a 2 mm mesh sieve, then re-bagged as above and stored until required for use in this study. During the processing/storage period (up to 23 days) the soil was held at 4 ± 1 °C (except when being sampled or sieved) in a moist condition (ie not less than approximately 16 and 12 % moisture content in 18 Acres and Frensham soils, respectively).
- Initial microbial biomass as of total organic C (mg/kg soil): 683
MEASUREMENTS SOIL PROPERTIES
Air dried samples were characterised with respect to; pH, particle size distribution, organic matter content, cation exchange capacity, and moisture holding capacity. The soil was classified according to particle size data using the USDA Soil Survey Triangle method. The size of the active fraction of the soil microbial biomass was determined for each soil using the method of Anderson and Domsch. These determinations were made using results obtained from the control soil at 0 days after treatment
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: Nitrogen mineralisation and short term respiration - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- - Nominal concentrations: 0.6 and 3.0 kg a.i./ha (corresponding to 1x and 5x the maximum field application rate).
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 5.5 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: pure test substance
- Basis for effect:
- other: nitrate formation and respiration rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: corresponding to ≥ 3.0 kg a.i./ha soil
- Remarks:
- recalculated value, expressed as pure substance, see ‘any other information on results incl. tables’ for respective calculation
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 4 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: test substance cation species
- Basis for effect:
- other: nitrate formation rate and respiration rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: corresponding to ≥ 3.0 kg a.i./ha soil
- Remarks:
- Original value presented in study
- Details on results:
- - Nitrogen mineralisation: No statistically significant differences in nitrate or ammonium levels were observed between the control and treated soils in the sandy loam (soil #1; Frensham) or the sandy clay loam (soil #2; 18 Acres).
- Short-term respiration: In both soils no statistically significant differences were observed between control and treated samples in levels of microbial biomass carbon at any stage during the study.
A complete overview of the results is presented in 'Any other information on results incl. tables'. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- All data was analysed by a one way analysis of variance model to obtain a pooled estimate of error variance. This was then used to compare the mean response of the soils treated with each rate of the test substance with the mean response in the control group using Student's t-test (or least significant difference (LSD) at P = 5 % and P = 1 % ). Each step in the statistical analysis described above was carried out on personal computer using "Statgraphics" version 3 statistical analysis and graphics system, STSC, Inc., 2115 East Jefferson Street, Rockville, Maryland 20852.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The test substance used at rates up to 3.0 kg a.i./ha in soil did not have any adverse effects on nitrogen mineralisation or short-term respiration in soil. Therefore, the NOEC was determined to be ≥ 3.0 kg a.i./ha soil, corresponding to ≥ 4.0 mg a.i./kg soil. The recalculated 28-d NOEC value for the pure substance is ≥ 5.5 mg/kg soil dw.
- Executive summary:
In a GLP-compliant toxicity to soil microorganisms study, equivalent or similar to the guidelines laid down by Domsch et al. and Anderson et al., the effects of the test substance on metabolic activity by respiration (as CO2 evolution) and nitrification processes were evaluated over 28 days. The test substance was tested at rates of 0.8 and 4.0 mg ai/kg (equal to 0.6 and 3.0 kg ai/ha respectively, which corresponds to 1x and 5x the maximum field rate application, respectively). An untreated control was also included. Treatments were made by mixing the test item into the soil. Over a four week period, nitrogen mineralization was measured in lucerne-amended soil and short-term respiration was measured following addition of glucose. The test substance had no significant effects on the respiration and nitrification of soil micro-organisms in the two agricultural soils at concentrations up to 4.0 mg ai/kg (or 3.0 kg ai/ha) (the highest concentration tested). Therefore, the 28-d NOEC was determined to be ≥ 4.0 mg a.i./kg soil (corresponding to ≥ 3.0 kg a.i./ha soil). The recalculated 28-d NOEC value for the pure substance is ≥
5.5 mg/kg soil dw.
Reference
Tables: Effects on Nitrogen Mineralisation In Lucerne Amended Frensham Soil (Soil #1)
mg Nitrate N/kg soil
Treatment |
Days Incubation |
||
0 |
14 |
28 |
|
Control |
12.8 |
63.5 |
76.8 |
0.60 kg a.i./ha |
12.3 |
61.7 |
74.8 |
3.00 kg a.i./ha |
12.5 |
62.5 |
76.5 |
LSD 5% |
1.5 |
2.7 |
3.4 |
LSD 1% |
2.3 |
4.0 |
5.1 |
mg Ammonium N/kg soil
Treatment |
Days Incubation |
||
|
0 |
14 |
28 |
Control |
7.0 |
<0.5 |
< 0.5 |
0.60 kg a.i./ha |
7.0 |
<0.5 |
< 0.5 |
3.00 kg a.i./ha |
7.8 |
<0.5 |
< 0.5 |
LSD 5% |
1.2 |
nd |
nd |
LSD 1% |
1.8 |
nd |
nd |
mg Nitrite N/kg soil
Treatment |
Days Incubation |
||
0 |
14 |
28 |
|
Control |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
0.60 kg a.i./ha |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
3.00 kg a.i./ha |
<0.5 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
LSD 5% |
nd |
nd |
nd |
LSD 1% |
nd |
nd |
nd |
LSD = Least Significant Difference
nd = Not determined
Tables: Effects on Nitrogen Mineralisation In Lucerne Amended 18-Acres Soil (Soil #2)
mg Nitrate N/kg soil
Treatment |
Days Incubation |
||
0 |
14 |
28 |
|
Control |
13.5 |
54.7 |
62.7 |
0.60 kg a.i./ha |
11.3 |
54.7 |
61.5 |
3.00 kg a.i./ha |
11.2 |
55.5 |
62.0 |
LSD 5% |
3.8 |
3.4 |
1.3 |
LSD 1% |
5.7 |
5.2 |
2.0 |
mg Ammonium N/kg soil
Treatment |
Days Incubation |
||
0 |
14 |
28 |
|
Control |
11.7 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
0.60 kg a.i./ha |
10.7 |
<0.5 |
< 0.5 |
3.00 kg a.i./ha |
11.3 |
<0.5 |
< 0.5 |
LSD 5% |
3.4 |
nd |
nd |
LSD 1% |
5.2 |
nd |
nd |
mg Nitrite N/kg soil
Treatment |
Days Incubation |
||
0 |
14 |
28 |
|
Control |
0.5 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
0.60 kg a.i./ha |
0.3 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
3.00 kg a.i./ha |
0.3 |
<0.5 |
< 0.5 |
LSD 5% |
0.7 |
nd |
nd |
LSD 1% |
1.1 |
nd |
nd |
LSD = Least Significant Difference
nd = Not determined
Table: Effects on Short Term Respiration in Frensham soil (Soil #1)
Treatment |
Days Incubation |
||
0 |
14 |
28 |
|
Control |
297 |
270 |
233 |
0.60 kg a.i./ha |
334 |
298 |
259 |
3.00 kg a.i./ha |
304 |
253 |
235 |
LSD 5% |
68 |
63 |
65 |
LSD 1% |
102 |
95 |
99 |
Table: Effects on Short Term Respiration in 18-Acres soil (Soil #2)
Treatment |
Days Incubation |
||
0 |
14 |
28 |
|
Control |
683 |
656 |
668 |
0.60 kg a.i./ha |
668 |
671 |
646 |
3.00 kg a.i./ha |
667 |
661 |
663 |
LSD 5% |
28 |
16 |
37 |
LSD 1% |
42 |
23 |
56 |
LSD = Least Significant Difference
Table: Summary of Nitrogen Recovery Efficiencies
Soil |
Day |
Overall % Recovery Efficiency |
||
NO3- |
NO2- |
NH4 + |
||
Frensham |
0 |
84.1 ± 1.1 |
91.7 ± 0.9 |
94.2 ± 0.5 |
14 |
96.3 ± 0.5 |
99.6 ± 0.5 |
92.5 ± 0.5 |
|
28 |
91.1 ± 0.4 |
93.3 ± 0.5 |
93.8 ± 0.6 |
|
18-Acres |
0 |
91.3 ± 0.8 |
94.6 ± 0.7 |
89.6 ± 0.3 |
14 |
91.5 ± 0.4 |
96.2 ± 1.0 |
92.9 ± 0.8 |
|
28 |
96.8 ± 1.8 |
89.2 ± 2.0 |
89.6 ± 0.7 |
Calculation of key result
The doses of the test substance were expressed in test substance cation (active ingredient), which relates to the cation species in an aqueous solution of the registered substance. The effect levels are already corrected for the amount of water. The key effect levels are calculated by inclusion of the anion species: (100/72.4) x 4.0 mg test substance cation/kg soil dw = 5.5 mg pure test substance/kg soil dw.
Description of key information
28-d NOEC ≥ 5.5 mg pure substance/kg soil (recalculated) on CO2-respiration and N-mineralisation according to Domsch et al. and Anderson et al., Jackson 1992
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Long-term EC10 or NOEC for soil microorganisms:
- 5.5 mg/kg soil dw
Additional information
Table: Overview of available data on the toxicity to soil microorganisms data
Soil type |
Guideline / GLP |
Endpoint |
Effect value |
Comment |
Reference |
Sandy loam soil (Soil #1) |
Domsch et al., Anderson et al. |
28-d NOEC CO2 respiration 28-d NOEC N-mineralisation
|
≥ 5.5 mg pure substance/kg soil ≥ 5.5 mg pure substance/kg soil |
No effects on CO2 respiration and N-mineralisation were observed in the two soils in the highest test concentration, which corresponds to 5X the maximum application rate) |
Jackson, 1992 |
Sandy clay loam soil (Soil #2) |
28-d NOEC CO2 respiration 28-d NOEC N-mineralisation
|
≥ 5.5 mg pure substance/kg soil ≥ 5.5 mg pure substance/kg soil |
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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