Jojoboa Oil

Basic toxicokinetics

Administrative data

Endpoint:

basic toxicokinetics, other

Type of information:

read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

review article or handbook

Title:

Safety Assessment of Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil, Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Wax, Hydrogenated Jojoba Oil, Hydrolyzed Jojoba Esters, Isomerized Jojoba Oil, Jojoba Esters...

Author:

Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

Year:

2008

Bibliographic source:

Cosmetic Ingredient Review

Materials and methods

Objective of study:

absorption

Test guideline

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Bibliographic review

GLP compliance:

not specified

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

no defined IUPAC name

EC Number:

612-381-6

Cas Number:

61789-91-1

Molecular formula:

no molecular structure defined

IUPAC Name:

no defined IUPAC name

Test material form:

liquid: viscous

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Results and discussion

Toxicokinetic / pharmacokinetic studies

Details on absorption:

Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Wax
Yaron et al. (1980) determined the absorption and distribution of Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Wax (described as the semisolid fraction of Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil) using 24 male albino mice (5 weeks old; 25-30 g). The animals were divided equally into 4 groups and [14C]Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Wax (90 ± 10 mg; specific activity 1.14 μCi/g) was injected subcutaneously into the right leg of each animal. Randomly labeled Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Wax was obtained by exposure of fruiting branches of the shrub (S. chinensis) to 14CO2 fluxes. The 4 groups of animals were killed 1, 8, 15, and 23 days after injection, and radioactivity in the testis, skin, carcass, and lipid and aqueous fractions of the brain and liver was counted. The results indicated that only a small fraction of the injected [14C]Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Wax was absorbed. At day 1 post-injection, most of the [14C]Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Wax was detected in the carcass and in lipid fractions of the brain and liver. In the brain lipid fraction, the amount decreased from 108 ± 46 μg (day 1) to 9 ± 4 μg (day 23), and, in the liver lipid fraction, from 57 ± 16 μg (day 1) to 15 ± 7 μg (day 23). The amount of [14C]Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Wax in the carcass (100 ± 4 g) was detected on day 1, but not on day 23.
In a second experiment, 10 albino mice (5 males, 5 females) were injected subcutaneously with [14C]Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Wax (same dose and specific activity) and killed at intervals after injection. Most of the 14C (>99%) was detected in the carcass. At 8 and 23 days post-injection, the radioactivity TLC profile of carcass lipids indicated that 75% to 83% of the 14C
remained in the lipid form in which it had been injected. The remaining 14C was incorporated mainly into neutral lipids, such as triglycerides and fatty acids. The absorption and distribution of radioactivity from [14C]Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Wax were further evaluated using 21 male albino mice (5 weeks old; 25-30 g). In this study, the specific activity of [14C]Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Wax was greater than that used in the preceding 2 experiments. The animals were divided equally into 3 groups, and [14C]Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Wax was injected subcutaneously into the neck at doses of 9, 23, and 120 mg. Animals were killed 8 days after injection. Following the injection of each dose, radioactivity was detected in the liver,
brain, testes, lungs, heart, spleen, kidneys, and carcass lipids, but not in the skin or epididymal fat. The greatest counts of radioactivity were frequently detected in the liver, brain, lungs,
and carcass lipids. The smallest amount of radioactivity (all organs included) was detected in the animals injected with 9 mg of [14C]Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Wax. There were no
significant differences between counts of radioactivity in animals injected with 23 mg and those given 120 mg of [14C]Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Wax (Yaron et al 1980).
Heise et al. (1982) used weanling rats to study the digestibility of Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Wax. The rats were fed: 1) a standard diet 12% of which was Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Wax; 2) standard diet with an equivalent amount in calories to the Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Wax of corn oil; 3) standard diet with an equivalent amount in calories of mediumchain triglycerides; 4) standard diet with equivalent amount in calories of 1:1 mixture of Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Wax and corn oil; or 5) standard diet with an equivalent amount in calories of 1:1 mixture of Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Wax and triglycerides. Digestibility was determined during weeks 2 and 4 with the 30-d growth assay.
Weight gain on the Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Wax diet was half that of the control groups. The mixed diets had minimal weight reduction compared to controls. Digestibility of
Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Wax was 41%. The fecal matter contained 51% fat in the 12% Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Wax group; this was the only group in which the
carcass fat was not increased above baseline level. The efficiency of energy conversion into tissue was half that of the mixed groups and one-third that of the control diets. Biological nitrogen was decreased; the authors suggest that there was an increased use of dietary protein as energy (Heise et al. 1982).
Yaron et al. (1982b) orally administered 14C-Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Wax (25% in peanut oil;10.9 μCi/g; 0.1 ml) to male albino mice (5 weeks old; n = 20). After 24 h, 10 of
the mice were killed and the absoption and distribution of the radioactivity analyzed. The liver and epididymal fat were analyzed in detail using TLC. The remaining 10 mice were killed
and analyzed on day 8 after treatment. The experiment was then repeated. Intestinal absorption and distribution of Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Wax was studied. Radiolabel
was distirbuted among phospholipids, etc. in the liver and epididymal fat.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Simmondisia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil was detected in the feces of mice fed the ingredient at 0.5 to 1.69 mg/10 g.

Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil penetrated nude mouse skin. The main route of penetration was the hair follicle. Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil in an emulsion with Brij
96 and Capmul in 40% water delivered Fluconazole through new born mouse skin at a greater rate than gel bases. Only a small amount of radio-labeled Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed
Wax injected subcutaneously into albino mice was absorbed into carcass and the lipid fractions of the brain and liver. Following the injection of the radio-labeled Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba)
Seed Wax in mice, the greatest counts of radioactivity were in the liver, brain, lungs, and carcass lipids.