Ethyl propionate

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2015

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2015

Report date:

2015

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Ethyl propionate

EC Number:

203-291-4

EC Name:

Ethyl propionate

Cas Number:

105-37-3

Molecular formula:

C5H10O2

IUPAC Name:

ethyl propanoate

Method

Species / strain

Species / strain 1

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Species / strain 2

Species / strain / cell type:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

S9

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

3, 10, 33, 100, 333, 1000, 2500 and 5000 µg/plate (experiment 1)
33, 100, 333, 1000, 2500 and 5000 µg/plate (experiment 2)

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: The solvent was chosen because of its solubility properties and its relative nontoxicity to the bacteria.

Controls

Controls 1

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

Medium

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 2-aminoanthracene, 2-AA

Remarks:

TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100, WP2 uvrA with metabolic activation

Controls 2

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

Medium

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

sodium azide

Remarks:

TA 1535, TA 100 without metabolic activation

Controls 3

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

Medium

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 4-nitro-o-phenylene-diamine; 4-NOPD

Remarks:

TA 1537, TA 98 without metabolic activation

Controls 4

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

Medium

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

methylmethanesulfonate

Remarks:

WP2 uvrA without metabolic activation

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

METHOD OF APPLICATION: in DMSO
DURATION
- Exposure duration: 60 minutes
- Expression time (cells in growth medium): 48 hours

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 3

DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: spontaneous reversion rates

Evaluation criteria:

A test item is considered as a mutagen if a biologically relevant increase in the number of revertants exceeding the threshold of twice (strains TA 98, TA 100, and WP2 uvrA) or thrice (strains TA 1535 and TA 1537) the colony count of the corresponding solvent control is observed.
A dose dependent increase is considered biologically relevant if the threshold is exceeded at more than one concentration.
An increase exceeding the threshold at only one concentration is judged as biologically relevant if reproduced in an independent second experiment.
A dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies below the threshold is regarded as an indication of a mutagenic potential if reproduced in an independent second experiment.
However, whenever the colony counts remain within the historical range of negative and solvent controls such an increase is not considered biologically relevant.

Statistics:

According to the OECD guideline 471, a statistical analysis of the data is not mandatory.

Results and discussion

Test results

Test results 1

Key result

Species / strain:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 2

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium, other: TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100 bacteria

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Any other information on results incl. tables

Experiment 1

Without metabolic activation

	Dose per plate [µg]	TA 1535	TA 1537	TA 98	TA 100	WP2uvrA
DMSO		12±3	7±1	20±3	158±6	38±2
Untreated		11±4	9±1	21±1	175±9	47±4
Test substance	3	12±4	7±2	20±1	151±1	38±3
	10	14±1	7±2	22±5	149±17	42±5
	33	11±4	8±2	17±2	141±5	40±5
	100	12±3	9±3	20±3	163±16	38±10
	333	13±4	8±2	23±7	150±6	42±5
	1000	14±5	11±3	20±4	162±7	47±3
	2500	13±3	9±3	18±2	147±13	37±7
	5000	12±3	7±1	19±2	140±9	43±8
NaN3	10	1191±75			2200±83
4-NOPD	10			371±18
4-NOPD	50		83±3
MMS	2 µL					951±36

 

With metabolic activation

	Dose per plate [µg]	TA 1535	TA 1537	TA 98	TA 100	WP2uvrA
DMSO		14±5	9±1	27±3	140±10	54±6
Untreated		11±3	13±4	34±6	166±10	52±5
Test substance	3	15±4	8±2	28±1	142±9	51±12
	10	13±2	10±1	22±6	136±15	53±7
	33	14±4	9±1	24±8	130±8	51±6
	100	11±1	13±4	26±4	133±4	52±13
	333	13±4	11±1	22±6	138±6	42±11
	1000	10±3	10±2	30±5	121±8	48±6
	2500	12±4	9±2	26±1	110±2	48±1
	5000	9±1	9±2	24±6	117±16	47±2
2-AA	2.5	463±20	188±25	3832±1077	4443±271
2-AA	10.0					271±26

 

Experiment 2

Without metabolic activation

	Dose per plate [µg]	TA 1535	TA 1537	TA 98	TA 100	WP2uvrA
DMSO		10 ± 4	8 ± 1	23 ± 4	140 ± 13	34 ± 4
Untreated		9 ± 1	9 ± 3	30 ± 5	164 ± 9	35 ± 2
Test substance	33	9 ± 1	8 ± 1	24 ± 3	144 ± 14	28 ± 2
	100	10 ± 3	8 ± 1	25 ± 7	124 ± 5	31 ± 3
	333	10 ± 3	7 ± 2	23 ± 7	138 ± 10	38 ± 5
	1000	10 ± 4	6 ± 2	28 ± 7	130 ± 7	34 ± 1
	2500	10 ± 3	7 ± 1	27 ± 11	103 ± 10	34 ± 6
	5000	12 ± 2	8 ± 4	20 ± 6	89 ± 2	33 ± 3
NaN3	10	1101 ± 131			1993 ± 190
4-NOPD	10			367 ± 38
4-NOPD	50		79 ± 5
MMS	2 µL					481 ± 60

 

With metabolic activation

	Dose per plate [µg]	TA 1535	TA 1537	TA 98	TA 100	WP2uvrA
DMSO		11 ± 4	9 ± 3	31 ± 8	111 ± 12	43 ± 13
Untreated		16 ± 3	9 ± 0	29 ± 9	182 ± 21	46 ± 5
Test substance	33	11 ± 5	7 ± 2	25 ± 3	110 ± 5	48 ± 6
	100	11 ± 4	9 ± 2	30 ± 5	106 ± 12	45 ± 3
	333	10 ± 3	8 ± 1	29 ± 6	118 ± 5	45 ± 10
	1000	11 ± 2	10 ± 4	32 ± 4	88 ± 6	34 ± 5
	2500	11 ± 4	10 ± 3	31 ± 3	89 ± 2	45 ± 10
	5000	11 ± 4	9 ± 1	26 ± 4	66 ± 14	39 ± 7
2-AA	2.5	312 ± 36	155 ± 26	3582 ± 725	3728 ± 195
2-AA	10					360 ± 42

 

NaN3	Sodium azide
2-AA	2-aminoanthracene
4-NOPD	4-nitro-o-phenylene-diamine
MMS	Methyl methane sulfonate

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

The test substance is negative in Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay for S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100, and TA1537, and E. coli WP2 uvr A with and without S9 metabolic activation, and hence is classified as not mutagenic.

Executive summary:

This study was performed to investigate the potential of the test substance to induce gene mutations according to the plate incorporation test (experiment I) and the pre-incubation test (experiment II) using theSalmonella typhimuriumstrains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100, and theEscherichia colistrain WP2uvrA.

 

The assay was performed in two independent experiments both with and without liver microsomal activation. Each concentration, including the controls, was tested in triplicate. The test item was tested at the following concentrations:

Pre-Experiment/Experiment I: 3; 10; 33; 100; 333; 1000; 2500; and 5000 µg/plate

Experiment II: 33; 100; 333; 1000; 2500; and 5000 µg/plate

No precipitation of the test item occurred up to the highest investigated dose.

The plates incubated with the test item showed normal background growth up to 5000 µg/plate with and without S9 mix in all strains used.

No toxic effects, evident as a reduction in the number of revertants (below the indication factor of 0.5), occurred in all strains with and without metabolic activation.

 

No substantial increase in revertant colony numbers of any of the five tester strains was observed following treatment with the test substance at any dose level, neither in the presence nor absence of metabolic activation (S9 mix). There was also no tendency of higher mutation rates with increasing concentrations in the range below the generally acknowledged border of biological relevance.

Appropriate reference mutagens were used as positive controls and showed a distinct increase of induced revertant colonies.

 

In conclusion, it can be stated that during the described mutagenicity test and under the experimental conditions reported, the test item did not induce gene mutations by base pair changes or frameshifts in the genome of the strains used.

Therefore, the test substance is considered to be non-mutagenic in this reverse mutation assay.