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Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Endpoint:
developmental toxicity
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
29 May 2017 - 29 November 2017
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Cross-reference
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
reference to same study

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
study report
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
2017
Report date:
2017

Materials and methods

Test guidelineopen allclose all
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: OECD Guideline 421 (Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)
Version / remarks:
2016
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: EPA OPPTS 870.3550 (Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)
Version / remarks:
2000
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes
Limit test:
no

Test material

Constituent 1
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
tert-butyl 2-{(2S,3S)-3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyl}-2-[4-(pyridin-2-yl)benzyl]hydrazinecarboxylate
EC Number:
606-396-7
Cas Number:
198904-86-8
Molecular formula:
C32H42N4O5
IUPAC Name:
tert-butyl 2-{(2S,3S)-3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyl}-2-[4-(pyridin-2-yl)benzyl]hydrazinecarboxylate
Test material form:
solid: particulate/powder
Details on test material:
- Appearance: Off-white powder
- Storage condition of test material: At room temperature protected from light
Specific details on test material used for the study:
STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material:
at room temperature protected from light

- Solubility and stability of the test substance in the solvent/vehicle: stable in the vehicle when prepared and stored under the same conditions at concentrations bracketing those used in the present study, as demonstrated in a separate study

OTHER SPECIFICS:
- Test item handling: use amber glassware or wrap container in aluminum-foil

Test animals

Species:
rat
Strain:
Wistar
Remarks:
Crl:WI(Han)
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Deutschland, Sulzfeld, Germany
- Females nulliparous and non-pregnant: not applicable, reproduction/developmental toxicity screening study
- Age at study initiation: (P) males 10 weeks, females 13 weeks at the start of dosing
- Weight at study initiation: (P) Males: 273-306 g; Females: 204-236 g;
- Fasting period before study: none
- Housing: Pre-test (females only) and pre-mating: group-housed (up to 5 animals/sex/group) in polycarbonate Macrolon cages
During mating: males and females on 1:1 basis in Macrlon cages
Post-mating: males in their home cages (up to 5 animals/sex/group), females individually in Macrolon palstic cages
During lactations: female dams with pups in Macrolon plastic cages, equipped with water bottles and appropriate bedding.
- Diet: pelleted rodent diet (SM R/M-Z from SSNIFF® Spezialdiäten GmbH, Soest, Germany) was provided ad libitum, except during designated procedures
- Water: tap water, ad libitum
- Acclimation period:
8 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20-21
- Humidity (%): 48-71
- Air changes (per hr): at least 10
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

IN-LIFE DATES: From: 15 June 2017 To: 17 August 2017

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:
oral: gavage
Vehicle:
propylene glycol
Details on exposure:
PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
Test item dosing formulations (w/w) were homogenized to visually acceptable levels at appropriate concentrations to meet dose level requirements. The dosing formulations were prepared daily as a solution and dosed within 6 hours after adding the vehicle to the test item. Test item dosing formulations were kept at room temperature until dosing. If practically possible, the dosing formulations and vehicle were continuously stirred until and during dosing. Adjustment was made for specific gravity of the vehicle.

VEHICLE
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water): based on trial preparations performed at the test facility
- Concentration in vehicle: 0, 20, 60 and 200 mg/mL
- Specific gravity: 1.036
Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
yes
Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
Analyses were performed by LC using a validated analytical procedure. Accuracy and homogeneity were determined for formulations on the first day of preparation and towards the end of the study. Duplicate sets of samples (approximately 500 mg) for each sampling time point were sent to the analytical laboratory at the test facility. Concentration results were considered acceptable if mean sample concentration results were within or equal to ± 15% for suspensions of target concentration. Homogeneity results were considered acceptable if the coefficient of variation (CV) of concentrations was ≤ 10%.
Details on mating procedure:
- M/F ratio per cage: 1:1, avoiding sibling mating
- Length of cohabitation: maximum 14 days
- Proof of pregnancy: vaginal plug or sperm in vaginal lavage referred to as day 0 post-coitum
- Further mating if unsuccessful after 14 days: no
- After successful mating each pregnant female was caged individually in Macrolon palstic cages
Duration of treatment / exposure:
Females that delivered, for 50-63 days; females that failed to deliver, for 41-43 days; one female that was found dead on day 2 of mating, was treated for 15 days
Frequency of treatment:
Once daily, 7 days/week. Pups were not dosed, but could have been exposed to the test substance via lactation.
Duration of test:
Females that delivered, for 50-63 days; females that failed to deliver, for 41-43 days; one female that was found dead on day 2 of mating, was treated for 15 days
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
Dose / conc.:
0 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Remarks:
Vehicle controls (Group 1)
Dose / conc.:
100 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Remarks:
Group 2
Dose / conc.:
300 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Remarks:
Group 3
Dose / conc.:
1 000 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Remarks:
Group 4
No. of animals per sex per dose:
10/sex/dose
Control animals:
yes, concurrent vehicle
Details on study design:
- Dose selection rationale: the dose levels were selected based on information provided by the Sponsor (28-day repeated dose toxicity study with oral administration of BMS-233101-01 in rats), and in an attempt to produce graded responses to the test item. In this 28-day study, dose levels of 0, 15, 150 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day were tested and a NOEL of 1000 mg/kg bw/day was established. This is the highest dose to be tested according to the applicable OECD 421 test guideline.

Examinations

Maternal examinations:
CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: twice daily for mortality and moribundity

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: once daily, beginning during the first administration of the test item and lasting throughout the dosing periods up to the day prior to necropsy

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: on the first day of treatment (prior to dosing), and weekly thereafter. Mated females were weighed on Days 0, 4, 7, 11, 14, 17, and 20 post-coitum and during lactation on PND 1, 4, 7, and 13. A fasted weight was recorded on the day of necropsy.

FOOD CONSUMPTION:
- Time schedule for examinations: food consumption was quantitatively measured weekly, except for males and females which were housed together for mating and for females without evidence of mating. Food consumption of mated females was measured on Days 0, 4, 7, 11, 14, 17, and 20 post-coitum and during lactation on PND 1, 4, 7, and 13.

WATER CONSUMPTION: Subjective appraisal was maintained during the study, but no quantitative investigation was introduced as no effect was suspected.

POST-MORTEM EXAMINATIONS: Yes
- Sacrifice on PND 14-16 (females that delivered); females that failed to deliver on post-coitum day 25-26
- Organs examined: the following organ weights were determined for all scheduled euthanasia females: thyroid, including parathyroid.

OTHER: HISTOPATHOLOGY
The following tissues were examined by histopathologist:
All animals: thyroid gland and gross lesions/masses
Females of controls and high-dose group: ovaries
Unscheduled deaths (1 low-dose female found dead): cervix, mammary gland, ovaries, uterus, vagina, gross lesions/masses.
Females that failed to deliver healthy pups: cervix, uterus and vagina

Estrous cycle examination: estrous cycles were evaluated by examining the vaginal cytology of samples obtained by vaginal lavage.
Daily vaginal lavage was performed for all females beginning 14 days prior to treatment (pretest period), the first 14 days of treatment and during mating until evidence of copulation was observed. Vaginal lavage was continued for those females with no evidence of copulation until termination of the mating period.
On the day of necropsy, a vaginal lavage was also taken to determine the stage of estrus. This was done for all females, except forone female in low dose group that died spontaneously.
Ovaries and uterine content:
The ovaries were examined after termination: yes
Examinations included:
- Gravid uterus weight: No, females were allowed to litter naturally
- Number of corpora lutea: No
- Number of implantations: Yes
- Number of early resorptions: No
- Number of late resorptions: No
Fetal examinations:
- External examinations: Yes, all per litter
- Soft tissue examinations: no
- Skeletal examinations: no
- Head examinations: no
Statistics:
All statistical tests were conducted at the 5% significance level. All pairwise comparisons were conducted using two sided tests and were reported at the 1% and 5% levels.The following pairwise comparisons were made:
Group 2 vs. Group 1
Group 3 vs. Group 1
Group 4 vs. Group 1
Datasets with at least 3 groups (the designated control group and 2 other groups) were compared using Dunnett-test (many-to-one-t-test). Datasets with at least 3 groups was compared using a Steel-test (many-to-one rank test). An overall Fisher’s exact test was used to compare all groups at the 5% significance level. The above pairwise comparisons were conducted using Fisher’s exact test whenever the overall test is significant.
Indices:
The following indices were calculated:
Mating index = 100% x (number of females mated/number of females paired)
Precoital time = number of days between initiation of cohabitation and confirmation of mating
Fertility index = 100% x (number of pregnant females/number of females mated)
Gestation index = 100% x (number of females with living pups on PND1/number of pregnant females)
Duration of gestation = Number of days between confirmation of mating and the beginning of parturition
Post-implantation survival index = 100% x (total number of offspring born/total number of uterine implantation sites)
Live birth index = 100% x (total number of live offspring on PND 1/total number of offspring born)
Percentage of live males at first litter check = 100% x (number of live male pups at first litter check/number of live pups at first litter check)
Percentage of live females at first litter check = 100% x (number of live female pups at first litter check/number of live pups at first litter check)
Viability index = 100% x (number of live offspring on PND 4 before culling/number of live offspring on PND 1 after littering)
Lactation index = 100% x (nueber of live offspring on PND 13/number of live offspring on PND 4 after culling)
Historical control data:
Available from the same testing laboratory.

Results and discussion

Results: maternal animals

General toxicity (maternal animals)

Clinical signs:
effects observed, non-treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
No treatment-related clinical signs were noted during daily detailed clinical observations.
Salivation seen after dosing among animals at dose levels starting at 100 mg/kg bw/day on several occasions during the treatment period was not considered toxicologically relevant, taking into account the nature and minor severity of the effect, its time of occurrence (i.e. after dosing) and in the absence of a dose-related response. This sign was considered to be a physiological response related to taste of the test item rather than a sign of systemic toxicity.
Other incidental findings that were noted occurred within the range of background findings to be expected for rats of this age and strain which are housed and treated under the conditions in this study. At the incidence observed, these were not considered to be signs of toxicological relevance.
During dosing on the first day of pre-mating, one mid-dose female bit on her tongue, followed by a short period of bleeding (approximately 1 minute).
Mortality:
mortality observed, non-treatment-related
Description (incidence):
No mortality occurred during the study period that was considered to be related to treatment with the test item.
One female at 100 mg/kg bw/day was found dead on Day 2 of the mating period. The day preceding the spontaneous death, slight rales were noted for this female, and on the next morning slightly laboured respiration and piloerection were observed. At necropsy, dark-red discoloration of the lungs and many reddish foci on the thymus were noted. The discoloration of the lungs together with the respiratory problems may be indicative for an oral gavage accident, although no cause of death could be determined at microscopic examination. Based on the single occasion and as a dose-relationship was lacking, this mortality was considered not to be related to treatment with the test item.
Body weight and weight changes:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Body weights were slightly lower for females at 1000 mg/kg bw/day during the lactation phase (not always reaching statistical significance).
Body weights and body weight gain of females up to 300 mg/kg bw/day remained in the same range as controls over the treatment period.
Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Food consumption before or after correction for body weight was slightly lower for females at 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day during the lactation phase, however generally without being statistically significant and lacking a dose-relationship.
Food consumption before or after correction for body weight was similar to the control level for females at 100 mg/kg bw/day over the treatment period.
Food efficiency:
not examined
Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
not examined
Ophthalmological findings:
not examined
Haematological findings:
not examined
Clinical biochemistry findings:
not examined
Urinalysis findings:
not examined
Behaviour (functional findings):
not examined
Immunological findings:
not examined
Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
There were no test item-related alterations in organ weights.
Statistically significant changes between treated and control animals were considered not to be a sign of toxicity in the absence of a dose-related trend.
Gross pathological findings:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
There were no test item-related gross observations.
All of the recorded macroscopic findings were within the range of background gross observations encountered in rats of this age and strain.
Neuropathological findings:
not examined
Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Test item-related microscopic findings after treatment with BMS-233101-01 were noted in the thyroid gland of the 1000 mg/kg bw/day group females.
An increased incidence and severity of follicular cell hypertrophy was present in females at 1000 mg/kg bw/day (minimal to moderate, 8/10 vs. 9/10 (minimal/slight) in controls). There were no other test item-related histologic changes. The remainder of the recorded microscopic findings were within the range of background pathology encountered in rats of this age and strain. There was no test item-related alteration in the prevalence, severity, or histologic character of those incidental tissue alterations.
Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
no effects observed
Other effects:
effects observed, non-treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Length and regularity of the estrous cycle were not considered to have been affected bytreatment.
Most females had regular cycles of 4 to 5 days. Extended di-estrus occurred in two females at 100 mg/kg bw/day and one female at 1000 mg/kg bw/day with a regular cycle, and in one control female with an irregular cycle. Given their incidental nature, absence of a dose-related incidence and absence of an apparent correlation to pregnancy status, these findings did not indicate a relation with treatment.
Mating index was not considered to be affected by treatment. All females, except one, showed evidence of mating. One female at 100 mg/kg bw/day was found dead on Day 2 of mating.
Precoital time was not considered to be affected by treatment. Most females showed evidence of mating within 4 days. Two females at 100 mg/kg bw/day showed evidence of mating after 13 days only, after extended di-estrus. In the absence of a dose-related incidence and absence of an apparent correlation to pregnancy status, this finding did not indicate a relation with treatment.
Fertility index was not considered to be affected by treatment. One female at 300 mg/kg bw/day was not pregnant. In the absence of a dose-related incidence of non-pregnancy, this was not considered to be related to treatment.
Number of implantation sites was not considered to be affected by treatment. One female at 100 mg/kg bw/day had a single implantation site only. For this female, a mummified fetus was found in the uterus. And one female at 1000 mg/kg bw/day had three implantation sites only and delivered two live pups. At these single occurrences in absence of a dose response relationship, this was considered to be unrelated to treatment.
Gestation index and duration of gestation were not considered to be affected by treatment. No signs of difficult or prolonged parturition were noted among the pregnant females.

Maternal developmental toxicity

Number of abortions:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
Examination of cage debris of pregnant females revealed no signs of abortion or premature birth.
Pre- and post-implantation loss:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
The total number of offspring born compared to the total number of uterine implantations was not considered to be affected by treatment.
For one control female and one low-dose female the number of pups were slightly higher than the number of implantations. This phenomenon is observed from time to time and is caused by normal resorption of these areas during (the 14-16 days of) lactation. No toxicological relevance was attached to this finding in the current study.
Total litter losses by resorption:
not examined
Early or late resorptions:
not examined
Dead fetuses:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
The number of live offspring on Day 1 after littering compared to the total number of offspring born was not considered to be affected by treatment.
One pup of the control group and one pup at 1000 mg/kg bw/day were found dead at first litter check. No toxicological relevance was attributed to these dead pups since the mortality incidence did not show a dose-related trend and remained within the range considered normal for pups of this age.
Changes in pregnancy duration:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
Duration of gestation was not considered to be affected by treatment.
Changes in number of pregnant:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
Fertility index was not considered to be affected by treatment.
One female at 300 mg/kg bw/day was not pregnant. In the absence of a dose-related incidence of non-pregnancy, this was not considered to be related to treatment.
Other effects:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
Length and regularity of the estrous cycle were not considered to have been affected bytreatment.
Most females had regular cycles of 4 to 5 days. Extended di-estrus occurred in two females at 100 mg/kg bw/day and one female at 1000 mg/kg bw/day with a regular cycle, and in one control female with an irregular cycle. Given their incidental nature, absence of a dose-related incidence and absence of an apparent correlation to pregnancy status, these findings did not indicate a relation with treatment.

Effect levels (maternal animals)

Key result
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Remarks:
maternal toxicity
Effect level:
1 000 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect level:
other: effects observed at the highest dose level (slightly lower body weights in females, minimal increased incidence and severity of follicular cell hypertrophy in thyroids in both sexes and colloid alteration in males) were considered to be non-adverse

Maternal abnormalities

Key result
Abnormalities:
no effects observed

Results (fetuses)

Fetal body weight changes:
not examined
Description (incidence and severity):
No fetal body weights were determined, as females were allowed to litter naturally.
Reduction in number of live offspring:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
The number of live offspring on Day 1 after littering compared to the total number of offspring born was not considered to be affected by treatment.
One pup of the control group and one pup at 1000 mg/kg bw/day were found dead at first litter check. No toxicological relevance was attributed to these dead pups since the mortality incidence did not show a dose-related trend and remained within the range considered normal for pups of this age.
Changes in sex ratio:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
Sex ratio was not considered to be affected by treatment.
Changes in litter size and weights:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
Litter size and body weights of pups were not considered affected by treatment up to and including 1000 mg/kg bw/day.
Changes in postnatal survival:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
The number of live offspring on Day 4 before culling compared to the number of offspring on Day 1 was not considered affected by treatment.
Two pups at 300 mg/kg bw/day from two litters were found dead on PND 2 or 4. One pup of the control group and one pup at 300 mg/kg bw/day were found missing on PND 4 and 2, respectively. Pups missing were most likely cannibalised. No toxicological relevance was attributed to these dead/missing pups since the mortality incidence did not show a dose-related trend and remained within the range considered normal for pups of this age.
The number of live offspring on Day 13 after littering compared to the number of live offspring on Day 4 (after culling) was not considered to be affected by treatment. One pup at 100 mg/kg bw/day was found missing (i.e. most likely cannibalised) on PND 9. No toxicological relevance was attributed to this dead pup since the mortality incidence did not show a dose-related trend and remained within the range considered normal for pups of this age.
External malformations:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
No macroscopic findings were noted among pups that were considered to be related to treatment.
Skeletal malformations:
not examined
Visceral malformations:
not examined
Other effects:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
Serum T4 levels in male and female PND 13-15 pups were not considered to be affected by treatment.
Treatment up to and including 1000 mg/kg bw/day had no effect on areola/nipple retention. For none of the examined male pups nipples were observed at PND 13.
Anogenital distance (absolute and normalized for body weight) in male and female pups was not considered to be affected by treatment.

Effect levels (fetuses)

Key result
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Remarks:
developmental toxicity
Effect level:
1 000 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
other: no adverse effects at the highest dose level.

Fetal abnormalities

Key result
Abnormalities:
no effects observed

Overall developmental toxicity

Key result
Developmental effects observed:
no

Any other information on results incl. tables

Analytical determination:

The concentrations analyzed in the formulations of Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4 were in agreement with target concentrations (at the first week of preparation, mean accuracies were 90, 88 and 91%, respectively; at the last week of preparation, mean accuracies were 100, 99 and 99%, respectively; n = 6 in low and high dose, 2 in mid-dose).

The formulations were considered to be homogeneous (at the first week of preparation, coefficients of variations were 3.7 and 3.2% in low- and high-dose solutions; at the last week of preparations, they were 3.8 and 1.9%, n = 6).

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:
In the OECD guideline 421 study with rats, performed under GLP, oral gavage administration of the test item in propylene glycol at dose levels of 0 (vehicle controls, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day) caused no adverse effects on development at the highest dose tested. The NOAEL fordevelopmental toxicity was considered to be 1000 mg/kg bw/day. Slightly lower body weights and lower food intake in maternal animals and minimal changes in thyroid (sligthly increased incidence and severity of follicular cell hypertrophy) were considered to be non-adverse. Therefore the NOAEL for general toxicity was also set at 1000 mg/kg bw/day.