1,2,3-trichlorobenzene

Biodegradation in water and sediment: simulation tests

Administrative data

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water and sediment: simulation testing, other

Type of information:

other: applicant's summary

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

secondary literature

Data source

Reference

Reference 1

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Biotranformation of Organic in Soil Columns and an Infiltration Area

Author:

Bosma et al.

Year:

1996

Bibliographic source:

GROUND WATER, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 49-56, January-February

Reference 2

Reference Type:

review article or handbook

Title:

Microbial aspects of the behaviour of chlorinated compounds during soil passage

Author:

Bosma et al.

Year:

1990

Bibliographic source:

Org. Micropollut. Aquat. Environ. Proc. Eur. Supp., pp. 184-192

Reference 3

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Persistent organic pollutants in river water and groundwater of the Netherlands

Author:

Zoeteman et al.

Year:

1980

Bibliographic source:

Chemosphere Vol. 9, pp. 231-249, Pergamon Press Ltd. 1980, Printed in Great Britain

Reference 4

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Dechlorination of chlorobenzenes in anaerobic estuarine sediment

Author:

Masunaga S et al.

Bibliographic source:

Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol. 33, No. 6, pp. 173-180

Reference 5

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Monoaromatics, chlorobenzenes and PCBs

Author:

Mackay et al.

Year:

1992

Bibliographic source:

Illustrated handbook of physical-chemical properties and environmental fate for organic chemicals I.; Lewis Publishers Inc., Baca Raton FL.

Reference 6

Reference Type:

secondary source

Title:

Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for Protection of Aquatic Life Chlorinated Benzenes 1,2,3 Trichchlorobenzene

Author:

Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment

Year:

1999

Bibliographic source:

Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment 1999 Exerpt from Publikation No. 1299, ISBN 1-896997-34-1

Materials and methods

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Applicant's summary entry

GLP compliance:

not specified

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

1,2,3-trichlorobenzene

EC Number:

201-757-1

EC Name:

1,2,3-trichlorobenzene

Cas Number:

87-61-6

Molecular formula:

C6H3Cl3

IUPAC Name:

1,2,3-trichlorobenzene

Results and discussion

Any other information on results incl. tables

Applicant's summary entry:

Removal in sediment

 

Bosma et al. (1996)

Methanogenic conditions favoured the transformation of chlorinated substances by reductive dechlorination.1,2,3-trichlorobenzene was transformed > 90% (chlorobenzene, 1,3-dichlorobenzene) under methanogenic conditions. No removal observed under aerobic and denitrifying conditions. The study by Bosma et al. (1996) was performed as a column study using (small: 25 cm length and 5.5 cm internal diameter; large: 60 cm length and 11 cm internal diameter) and were wet packed with sediment from the River Rhine near Wageningen, or from the dune infiltration site of the Municipal Water Works of Amsterdam. The columns were percolated continuously at a flow rate of 1 cm/h in an upflow mode, with an mineral medium. Columns were operated under aerobic, denitrifying and methanogenic conditions.

 

Bosma et al. (1990)

Aerobic conditions turned out to be relatively unfavourable for biotransformation of the chlorinated compounds. Anaerobic conditions with a low redox-potential (sulphate or carbondioxide present as electron acceptor) are more applicable to degrade chlorinated compounds. Biotransformation of 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene under conditions with a low redox-potential (sulphate or carbondioxide present as electron acceptor) was observed.

Under aerobic (O₂) und denitrifying (NO₃^2-) conditions no biotransformation of 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene was observed (Bosma et al. 1990).

The tri- and dichlorobenzenes were transformed to monochlorobenzene (Bosma et al 1988). The process proceeded via reductive dechlorination.

 

Masunaga S et al. (1996)

The reductive dechlorination of chlorobenzenes in an anaerobic estuarine sediment was examined. Sediment slurry of Tsurumi river was spiked with the test compounds. The test tubes were placed in a constant temperature room at 25°C under anaerobic conditions.

The incubation lasted for a year. The extracted samples were analysed by GC/MS.

 

Initial slow transformation periods were observed. The overall loss of parent compound followed pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. The observed rate constants estimated form the kinetic data.

t ½ = 23.2 day

k = 0.0299 day^-1 (first-order rate constant in test sediment)

ka = 0.0011 day^-1 (first-order rate constant in autoclaved sediment)

Detected intermediates: 1,3-dichlorobenzene > 1,2-dichlorobenzen, monochlorobenzene

 

Removal in surface water 

 

Zoeteman et al., 1980

The half-lives in rivers were estimated to be 1.9 day, 1.5 and 28 days based on monitoring data taken along the River Rhine. These half-lives differ considerably and are likely to be very inaccurate since only a limited number of samples were taken.

 

Mackay et al (1992) have modelled the environmental fate of chlorobenzenes.

In the aquatic environment, 1,2,3-trichloribenzen is found mostly in organic phases (organisms, sediments) or associated with suspended/ dissolved organic materials rather than dissolved in the water phase (log octanol-water partition coefficient 4.1) with half-lives of 6-18 weeks in the water and 1.1-3.4 years in the sediment.