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EC number: 233-059-8 | CAS number: 10026-12-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
In an acute skin irritation/corrosion study in rabbits according to the method of Draize et al., niobium pentachloride was tested corrosive to the rabbit skin. In the same publication by Haley et al. (1962), the test substance was not eye irritating after conducting a study in rabbits according to Draize et al. However, in this study only 1 mg of the test item was applied to the rabbit eye, instead of the 100 mg as recommended in the current OECD guideline 405. Thus, the negative result of the study was disregarded, especially on the background that niobium pentachloride is readily dissolved forming hydrochloric acid when in contact with water.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Publication, meets generally accepted scientific standards, well documented and acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- not specified
- Type of coverage:
- not specified
- Preparation of test site:
- other: abraded and unabraded
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Controls:
- no
- Observation period:
- 24 and 72 hours, 7 and 14 days
- Number of animals:
- 6
- Details on study design:
- The author mentioned in the publication, that the method of Draize et al. (1944) was used to study skin irritation in rabbits. Niobium pentachloride was directly applied to unabraded and abraded rabbit skin.
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Remarks:
- unabraded skin
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 24 h, 72 h
- Score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Remarks:
- unabraded skin
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 24 h, 72 h
- Score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- other: eschar 25-30 mm in diameter
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: within 7 days
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks on result:
- other: No healing occurred and animals were sacrificed at 14 days
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Remarks:
- on abraded skin
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 24 h, 72 h
- Score:
- 8
- Max. score:
- 8
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks on result:
- other: within 7 days perforating ulcers 25-30 mm in diameter with penetration through the skin.
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Direct application of niobium pentachloride to unabraded rabbit skin produced an irritation index of 4 within 24 hours for both edema and erythema. These reactions were still present at 72 hours. An eschar 25-30 mm in diameter formed within 7 days with the loss of the skin in the area. Healing did not occur and the animals were sacrificed at 14 days. A severe reaction occurred on abraded skin and resulted in the maximum irritation index of 8 within 24 hours. No change was observed at 72 hours, and within 7 days perforating ulcers 25-30 mm in diameter developed with penetration through the skin to the underlying muscle layers. When healing did not occur at 14 days, the animals were sacrificed.
- Interpretation of results:
- corrosive
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- In an acute dermal irritation/corrosion study according to the method of Draize et al. (1944), the test item is considered to be corrosive to the skin.
- Executive summary:
- In a primary dermal irritation study according to the method of Draize et al., six rabbits were dermally exposed to niobium pentachloride. Animals were observed for 1, 3, 7 and 14 days. On unabraded skin severe erythema and edema were formed within 24 hours continuing to eschars with 24-30 mm in diameter within 7 days that did not heal until day 14. On abraded skin, a maximum irritation index (8/8) was formed within 24 hours. No change was observed at 72 hours and perforating ulcers of 25-30 mm diameter size developed with penetration through the skin to the underlying muscle layers within 7 days. Healing did not occur during the 14 days observation period. Based on these findings, the test item is considered to be corrosive to the skin.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (corrosive)
Eye irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Respiratory irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
The potential of niobium pentachloride to cause irritating or corrosive effects to the abraded and unabraded skin was assessed by an in vivo study in rabbits. The test was performed according to the method of Draize et al. The target substance niobium pentachloride caused within 24 hours severe edema and erythrema that persists until 72 hours on the unabraded skin. An eschar 25-30 mm in diameter formed within 7 days with the loss of the skin in the area. Healing did not occur and the animals were sacrificed at 14 days. The observed enhanced severity of skin damage in abraded skin, in comparison to unabraded skin, was discussed to depend on the liberation of nascent hydrochloric acid by the tissue fluid. The published study fail to provide information on the duration of application as well as area of exposure and quantity applied. Yet, the performance of the study according to the method of Draize using the accepted rabbit model together with the study finding and details on the scoring system render the study sufficiently reliable. Thus, niobium pentachloride is classified as corrosive to the skin.
Due to the fact that the test item is corrosive to the skin, also severe eye damage can be expected, especially on the background that the target substance decomposes in water to hydrochloric acid.
Justification for selection of skin irritation / corrosion endpoint:
In vivo study following the method of Draize
Justification for selection of eye irritation endpoint:
An in vivo study was conducted following the method of Draize. But the study has one major methodological deficiency. Instead of applying 100 mg to the eye, as recommended by the OECD 405 guideline, only 1 mg of the test item was applied. Thus, the observed non-irritating effect of the test item in this study is due to the reduced dose which was applied and thus the natural buffering capacity of the lachrymal fluid was sufficient to counteract the nascent hydrochloric acid releases when the test item dissolved in the lachrymal fluid. Based on this background, the study was disregarded for the toxicological evaluation.
Effects on skin irritation/corrosion: corrosive
Justification for classification or non-classification
The test item caused severe and irreversible effects within 24 hours after application. The available data do not indicate a severe effects within <= 3 min. Therefore, classification as corrosive to the skin (H314) Category 1B is warranted. Due to rapid hydrolysis and subsequent generation of HCl, classification for H335 is warranted, which is in line with the harmonised classification of hydrochloric acid.
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