Pentapotassium bis(peroxymonosulphate) bis(sulphate)

Long-term toxicity to fish

Administrative data

Endpoint:

fish early-life stage toxicity

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2007

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2007

Report date:

2007

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: US EPA 850.1400

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 210 (Fish, Early-Life Stage Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Pentapotassium bis(peroxymonosulphate) bis(sulphate)

EC Number:

274-778-7

EC Name:

Pentapotassium bis(peroxymonosulphate) bis(sulphate)

Cas Number:

70693-62-8

Molecular formula:

H3K5O18S4

IUPAC Name:

pentapotassium bis((hydroperoxysulfonyl)oxidanide) hydrogen sulfate sulfate

Test material form:

solid

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Stock solutions were sampled on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 37.

Test solutions

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

not indicated

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Cyprinodon variegatus

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: sheepshead minnow
- Source: in-house cultures

POST-HATCH FEEDING
- Start date: 1 day following start of hatch
- Type/source of feed: Fry were fed live brine shrimp (Artemia) nauplii and rotifers. Later on standard commercial fish food was added to diet.
- Amount given: Quantity was increased as the test progressed to accommodate the growing fish
- Frequency of feeding: Ad libitum, at least three times daily

FURTHER DETAILS
- Post-hatch transfer time: Day 6 post-hatch all live fry were counted and released into their respective replicate growth chamber.
- Feeding of animals during test: Yes, but not 24 hours preceding termination
- Treatment for disease within 2 weeks preceeding test: No

Study design

Test type:

flow-through

Water media type:

saltwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

37 d

Remarks on exposure duration:

(28 days post-hatch)

Post exposure observation period:

not indicated

Test conditions

Hardness:

Not reported

Test temperature:

24.9-25.5°C

pH:

7.4 – 8.1

Dissolved oxygen:

5.9 – 7.6 mg/L

Salinity:

20±3‰

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal concentrations of test substance: 28.9, 55.6, 111, 222, 444, 889 µg/L KMPS, corresponding to 13, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 µg/L KHSO5

Measured concentrations of test substance: Only stock solution of 1.540 mg KHSO5/L were analysed.
Concentrations ranged from 92 to 120%, mean 1.620 mg/L (105% of nominal).

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type: open
- Size: 10 L
- Aeration: No
- Renewal rate of test solution: 6 volume additions to each test chamber in a 24-h period, or a cycle rate of at least 5 cycles / hour. Diluter stock solutions were prepared at a target nominal concentration of 1.540 mg KHSO5/L at least once every eight days.
- No. of embryos per egg cup: 25
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4 test chambers, 100 embryos per treatment group

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: commercial sea salt mix and laboratory fresh water consisting of well water that was demineralised by reverse osmosis
- Conductivity: Not reported
- Salinity: 20±3‰
- Culture medium different from test medium: no

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: 16 h photoperiod daily
- Light intensity: Wide spectrum fluorescent bulbs, 423 to 667 lux

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: Length, blotted wet weight, mortality

RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 0.73, 1.44, 2.89, 5.56, 11.1, 22.2 mg KMPS/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Egg hatchability was 84, 78, 76, 60, 10, 0, 0% in the control 0.73, 1.44, 2.89, 5.56, 11.1 and 22.2 mg KMPS/L, respectively. Fry mortality ranged from 26 in the 0.73 mg KMPS/L treatment to 100% in the 1.44 mg KMPS/L group. Mean blotted wet weight was 0.0048 and 0.0031 g/fish for control replicates and 0.0016 and 0.018 g/fish for 0.73 mg/L replicates.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Duration:

37 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

889 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

number hatched

Remarks:

egg hatchability

Effect concentrations 2

Duration:

37 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

> 889 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

number hatched

Remarks:

egg hatchability

Effect concentrations 3

Duration:

37 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

444 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

larval development

Remarks:

fry survival

Effect concentrations 4

Duration:

37 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

889 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

larval development

Remarks:

fry survival

Effect concentrations 5

Duration:

37 d

Dose descriptor:

other: MATC (maximum acceptable toxicant concentration)

Effect conc.:

628 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

larval development

Remarks:

fry survival

Effect concentrations 6

Duration:

37 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

444 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

length

Effect concentrations 7

Duration:

37 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

> 444 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

length

Effect concentrations 8

Key result

Duration:

37 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

222 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

weight

Remarks:

blotted wet weight

Effect concentrations 9

Key result

Duration:

37 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

444 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

weight

Remarks:

blotted wet weight

Effect concentrations 10

Duration:

37 d

Dose descriptor:

other: MATC

Effect conc.:

314 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other:

Remarks:

blotted wet weight

Details on results:

Details are given under "Remarks on results including tables and figures"

Results with reference substance (positive control):

Not applicable

Reported statistics and error estimates:

SAS software, NOEC fisher´s exact test, ANOVA, one-tailed Dunnett´s test were used.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Hatch of Sheepshead minnow embryo:

Nominal concentration (µg KMPS triple salt/L)	Egg hatchability (%)	Day hatch > 95%	Fry survival (%)
Control	89	9	97
28.9	89	10	89
55.6	91	9	96
111	87	9	94
222	89	8	96
444	85	9	86
889	93	12	2*

* Statistically significant different (Dunnett´s test, P=0.05) to control

 

28-day Post-Hatch length and blotted wet weight of Sheepshead minnow

Nominal concentration (µg KMPS triple salt/L)	Mean standard length (mm) (Standard deviation)	Mean blotted wet weight (g) (Standard deviation)
Control	16 (1.4)	0.139 (0.034)
28.9	15 (1.2)	0.136 (0.031)
55.6	15 (1.4)	0.128 (0.036)
111	15 (1.5)	0.133 (0.037)
222	15 (1.2)	0.123 (0.029)
444	15 (1.1)	0.107 (0.027)*
889	13 (-)	0.065 (0.001)*

* Statistically significant different (Dunnett´s test, P=0.05) to control

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The study and the conclusions which are drawn from it fulfill the quality criteria (validity, reliability, repeatability). The study was conducted according to the US EPA guideline 850.1400 without significant deviations. Due to limited analytical method, only the stock solution was analysed for KHSO5.
The validity criteria were fulfilled as following: Concentration of dissolved oxygen > 60% saturation throughout the test; Difference of water temperature < 1.5% between test chambers or successive days at any time during test; temperature within range for specific test species; Overall survival of fertilized eggs in controls (and solvent controls) greater than or equal with 75%.
The most sensitive parameter was blotted wet weight. The NOEC based on weight was 222 µg/L.

Executive summary:

Materials and methods

The study assessing the potential effects of KMPS triple salt on Sheepshead minnow embryos and fry during an early life-stage exposure was performed according to the US EPA guideline 850.1400.

 

Results and discussion

Due to the limitations of the analytical method, the monitoring of the test substance concentration was not performed. However, stock solutions were analysed. Results are based on nominal concentrations.

Hatching success in the control was 89% and ranged from 85 to 93% in the test item treatments without significant differences to the control. Post hatch survival of fry in the control was 97% and ranged from 2 to 96% in the treatments, with significant effects in the highest concentration. Blotted wet weight was significantly reduced at 444 and 889 µg/L, while mean length was not significantly different compared to the control.

NOEC = 222 µg KMPS/L blotted wet weight

LOEC = 444 µg KMPS/L blotted wet weight