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EC number: 931-322-8 | CAS number: 68131-74-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 7.3.2008-10.3.2008
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP-Guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ISO 13320-1 Particle size analysis - Laser diffraction methods
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Percentile:
- D50
- Mean:
- 11.64 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: Standard deviation not given
- Percentile:
- D10
- Mean:
- < 5.9 µm
- St. dev.:
- 0.14
- Percentile:
- D90
- Mean:
- < 22.61 µm
- St. dev.:
- 3.07
- Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 19.04.-03.05.2002
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well documented study report which meets basic scientific principles
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: DIN 33897-Part 2
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Percentile:
- D10
- Mean:
- ca. 2.69 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard deviation not determined
- Percentile:
- D50
- Mean:
- ca. 18.87 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard deviation not determined
- Percentile:
- D90
- Mean:
- ca. 57.74 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard deviation not determined
- Percentile:
- other: D100
- Mean:
- ca. 103 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard deviation not determined
- Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 19.04.-03.05.2002
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well documented study report which meets basic scientific principles
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: DIN 33897-Part 2
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Percentile:
- D10
- Mean:
- ca. 6.61 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard deviation not determined
- Percentile:
- D50
- Mean:
- ca. 44.29 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard deviation not determined
- Percentile:
- D90
- Mean:
- ca. 139.2 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard deviation not determined
- Percentile:
- other: D100
- Mean:
- ca. 246 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard deviation not determined
- Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 19.04.-03.05.2002
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well documented study report which meets basic scientific principles
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: DIN 33897-Part 2
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Percentile:
- D10
- Mean:
- ca. 4.07 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard deviation not determined
- Percentile:
- D50
- Mean:
- ca. 21.05 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard deviation not determined
- Percentile:
- D90
- Mean:
- ca. 135.4 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard deviation not determined
- Percentile:
- other: D100
- Mean:
- ca. 294 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard deviation not determined
- Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 19.04.-03.05.2002
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well documented study report which meets basic scientific principles
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: DIN 33897-Part 2
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Percentile:
- D10
- Mean:
- ca. 2.24 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard deviation not determined
- Percentile:
- D50
- Mean:
- ca. 18.7 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard deviation not determined
- Percentile:
- D90
- Mean:
- ca. 135.66 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard deviation not determined
- Percentile:
- other: D100
- Mean:
- ca. 246 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard deviation not determined
- Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 19.04.-03.05.2002
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well documented study report which meets basic scientific principles
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: DIN 33897-Part 2
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Percentile:
- D10
- Mean:
- ca. 2.67 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard deviation not determined
- Percentile:
- D50
- Mean:
- ca. 23.83 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard deviation not determined
- Percentile:
- D90
- Mean:
- ca. 91.22 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard deviation not determined
- Percentile:
- other: D100
- Mean:
- ca. 206 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard deviation not determined
- Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 19.04.-03.05.2002
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well documented study report which meets basic scientific principles
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: DIN 33897-Part 2
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Percentile:
- D10
- Mean:
- ca. 2.45 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard deviation not determined
- Percentile:
- D50
- Mean:
- ca. 15.42 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard deviation not determined
- Percentile:
- D90
- Mean:
- ca. 78.68 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard deviation not determined
- Percentile:
- other: D100
- Mean:
- ca. 206 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard deviation not determined
- Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 19.04.-03.05.2002
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well documented study report which meets basic scientific principles
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: DIN 33897-Part 2
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Percentile:
- D10
- Mean:
- ca. 1.78 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard deviation not determined
- Percentile:
- D50
- Mean:
- ca. 11.79 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard deviation not determined
- Percentile:
- D90
- Mean:
- ca. 48.5 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard deviation not determined
- Percentile:
- other: D100
- Mean:
- ca. 103 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard deviation not determined
- Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 19.04.-03.05.2002
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well documented study report which meets basic scientific principles
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: DIN 33897-Part 2
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Percentile:
- D10
- Mean:
- ca. 1.81 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard deviation not determined
- Percentile:
- D50
- Mean:
- ca. 13.5 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard deviation not determined
- Percentile:
- D90
- Mean:
- ca. 64.65 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard deviation not determined
- Percentile:
- other: D100
- Mean:
- ca. 123 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: standard deviation not determined
- Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well documented publication/study report which meets basic scientific principles
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: DIN EN 933-1
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: DIN EN 933-10
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: DIN 66145
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of distribution:
- volumetric distribution
- No.:
- #1
- Size:
- < 2 mm
- Distribution:
- ca. 10 %
- No.:
- #2
- Size:
- < 3 mm
- Distribution:
- ca. 20 %
- No.:
- #3
- Size:
- < 6 mm
- Distribution:
- ca. 42 %
- No.:
- #4
- Size:
- < 7 mm
- Distribution:
- ca. 50 %
- No.:
- #5
- Size:
- < 20 mm
- Distribution:
- 100 %
- Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well documented publication/study report which meets basic scientific principles
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: DIN EN 933-1
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: DIN EN 933-10
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: DIN 66145
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of distribution:
- volumetric distribution
- No.:
- #1
- Size:
- < 0.2 mm
- Distribution:
- ca. 4 %
- No.:
- #2
- Size:
- < 0.45 mm
- Distribution:
- ca. 10 %
- No.:
- #3
- Size:
- < 0.6 mm
- Distribution:
- ca. 14 %
- No.:
- #4
- Size:
- < 2 mm
- Distribution:
- ca. 45 %
- No.:
- #5
- Size:
- < 2.5 mm
- Distribution:
- ca. 50 %
- No.:
- #6
- Size:
- < 6 mm
- Distribution:
- ca. 77 %
- No.:
- #7
- Size:
- < 20 mm
- Distribution:
- ca. 98 %
- No.:
- #8
- Size:
- < 30 mm
- Distribution:
- ca. 100 %
- Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well documented publication/study report which meets basic scientific principles
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: DIN EN 933-1
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: DIN EN 933-10
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: DIN 66145
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Laser granulometer used.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of distribution:
- volumetric distribution
- No.:
- #1
- Size:
- > 1 µm
- Distribution:
- 98.1 %
- No.:
- #2
- Size:
- > 5 µm
- Distribution:
- 90 %
- No.:
- #3
- Size:
- > 10 µm
- Distribution:
- 80.2 %
- No.:
- #4
- Size:
- > 20 µm
- Distribution:
- 62.5 %
- No.:
- #5
- Size:
- > 27.785 µm
- Distribution:
- 50 %
- No.:
- #6
- Size:
- > 40 µm
- Distribution:
- 37.4 %
- No.:
- #7
- Size:
- > 60 µm
- Distribution:
- 28.6 %
- No.:
- #8
- Size:
- > 80 µm
- Distribution:
- 22.4 %
- No.:
- #9
- Size:
- > 90 µm
- Distribution:
- 19.5 %
- No.:
- #10
- Size:
- > 100 µm
- Distribution:
- 16.8 %
- Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well documented publication/study report which meets basic scientific principles
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: DIN EN 933-1
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: DIN EN 933-10
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: DIN 66145
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Laser granulometer used.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of distribution:
- volumetric distribution
- No.:
- #1
- Size:
- <= 0.664 µm
- Distribution:
- 1 %
- No.:
- #2
- Size:
- <= 4 µm
- Distribution:
- 11.2 %
- No.:
- #3
- Size:
- <= 10 µm
- Distribution:
- 22.9 %
- No.:
- #4
- Size:
- <= 14.069 µm
- Distribution:
- 30 %
- No.:
- #5
- Size:
- <= 19.583 µm
- Distribution:
- 40 %
- No.:
- #6
- Size:
- <= 25.308 µm
- Distribution:
- 50 %
- No.:
- #7
- Size:
- <= 42.232 µm
- Distribution:
- 70 %
- No.:
- #8
- Size:
- <= 60.143 µm
- Distribution:
- 80 %
- No.:
- #9
- Size:
- <= 90.356 µm
- Distribution:
- 90 %
- No.:
- #10
- Size:
- <= 284.839 µm
- Distribution:
- 100 %
Referenceopen allclose all
Measured values
The results of determination of particle size distribution test substance are presented in following table.
Table No. 1 Results of determination of particle size distribution
Determination |
Median (µm) |
Diameter on Cumulative 90% (µm) |
Diameter on Cumulative 10% (µm) |
Span (-) |
1 |
11.86 |
28.22 |
5.88 |
1.88 |
2 |
11.37 |
21.88 |
5.67 |
1.43 |
3 |
11.64 |
22.61 |
5.90 |
1.44 |
4 |
11.47 |
21.93 |
5.71 |
1.41 |
5 |
11.88 |
27.85 |
5.86 |
1.85 |
6 |
11.69 |
22.01 |
6.06 |
1.36 |
Average |
11.65 |
24.08 |
5.85 |
1.56 |
Standard deviation |
0.21 |
3.07 |
0.14 |
0.24 |
The value nearest to average is used as final result of the test.That is the 3rdmeasurement.
Criteria of quality
The test satisfied quality criteria as follows:
The individual results of median (MMAD) from single testing should not vary more than 10 % from the average. For our measurements the calculated critical range is 12.82 to 10.48 µm.
We performed 6 measurements and the individual values fall within the range of quality criterion (actual range is 11.37 to 11.88).
The criterion of quality was met.
The median content of inhalable fraction (<100µm; according to DIN EN 481) was reported as: 631 mg/kg. The median content of respirable (alveolar) fraction (<4µm; according to DIN EN 481) was reported as: 11.7 mg/kg.
The median content of inhalable fraction (<100µm; according to DIN EN 481) was reported as: 2936 mg/kg. The median content of respirable (alveolar) fraction (<4µm; according to DIN EN 481) was reported as: 65.2 mg/kg.
The median content of inhalable fraction (<100µm; according to DIN EN 481) was reported as: 2673 mg/kg. The median content of respirable (alveolar) fraction (<4µm; according to DIN EN 481) was reported as: 103.7 mg/kg.
The median content of inhalable fraction (<100µm; according to DIN EN 481) was reported as: 1296 mg/kg. The median content of respirable (alveolar) fraction (<4µm; according to DIN EN 481) was reported as: 50.6 mg/kg.
The median content of inhalable fraction (<100µm; according to DIN EN 481) was reported as: 2669 mg/kg. The median content of respirable (alveolar) fraction (<4µm; according to DIN EN 481) was reported as: 97 mg/kg.
The median content of inhalable fraction (<100µm; according to DIN EN 481) was reported as: 1629 mg/kg. The median content of respirable (alveolar) fraction (<4µm; according to DIN EN 481) was reported as: 15.6 mg/kg.
The median content of inhalable fraction (<100µm; according to DIN EN 481) was reported as: 1637 mg/kg. The median content of respirable (alveolar) fraction (<4µm; according to DIN EN 481) was reported as: 15.9 mg/kg.
The median content of inhalable fraction (<100µm; according to DIN EN 481) was reported as: 2553 mg/kg. The median content of respirable (alveolar) fraction (<4µm; according to DIN EN 481) was reported as: 58.7 mg/kg.
The main part of the boiler slag is produced as sand/gravel grain with a diameter between 0.25 to 11 mm.
Bottom ash is generated depending on the grinding of the coal and the conditions of firing mostly in a particle size below 8 mm. The particle size distribution of bottom ash lies mostly in the size of sand with grain sizes below 2 mm and more than 0.063 mm. Fine-grained bottom ashes are below 1 mm, coarse-grained ashes maily below 8 mm. The width of particle size distribution differs from various plants.
Fly ashes of the brown coal have a particel size distribution mainly in the area of clay / sand.
Fly ashes from the hard coal are dust with a particle size distribution in the area of coarse clay and fine sand.
Description of key information
Boiler slag: typical 0.25-11 mm; 10% < 2 mm,
Bottom ash: typical 0.063-2 mm; 10% < 0.25 mm
Diverse fly ashes: D10 = 1.78- 5.9 µm; D50 = 11.79 - 44.29 µm; D90 = 22.61 - 135.66 µm; D100 = 103 - 294 µm; PM4 =11.7 – 103.7 mg/kg; PM 100 = 631 – 2936 mg/kg; MMAD = 11.64 µm
Additional information
The particle size distribution depends on the type of the residue. The coarsest fraction of the substance is boiler slag. Typical grain size is between 0.25 mm to 11 mm (50% of slag is <7 mm, 10% is < 2mm; VGB, 2010). The finer fraction is bottom ash with typical grain size 0.063 mm to 2 mm (ca. 50% of bottom ash is <2.5 mm, 10% is <0.25mm; VGB, 2010). All available studies (CEZ, 2008; IGF, 2002; VGB, 2010) report similar granulometry of fly ashes, which are little dependent of the type of coal (hard coal or lignite). According to these studies approximately 10% of fly ashes are of the particle size <5.9 µm (D10=1.78 -5.9µm for diverse fly ashes) and 50% of lower than 28µm (D50=11.79 -27.8µm for diverse fly ashes).
The median content of inhalable fraction (<100µm; according to DIN EN 481) is in the range of 631 to 2936 mg/kg and the median content of respirable (alveolar) fraction (<4µm; according to DIN EN 481) is in the range of 11.7 to 103.7 mg/kg according to IGF study (IGF, 2002) performed on 8 fly ashes from hard coal and lignite combustion.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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