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EC number: 203-699-2 | CAS number: 109-73-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Fish
LC50 (96 h, freshwater) = 32 mg/L
LC50 (96 h, marine water) = 24 mg/L
Aquatic invertebrates
EC50 (48 h) = 8.2 mg/L (geometric mean of EC0 and EC100; mean measured)
NOEC (7 -d, reprod.) = 1.09 mg/L (TWM measured)
Algae
ErC50 (72 h) = 17 mg/L (geometric mean measured)
ErC10 (72 h) = 3.7 mg/L (geometric mean measured)
Microorganisms
NOEC (Pseudomonas putida; 16 h) = 800 mg/L (buffered)
Additional information
Summary of aquatic toxicity
Fish
LC50 (96 h, freshwater) = 32 mg/L
LC50 (96 h, marine water) = 24 mg/L
The acute LC50 values for fresh water fish range between 32 and 268 mg/L (Dawson et al., 1975 and Geiger et al., 1985, respectively). They were obtained under non-neutralised (Dawson) and neutralized (Geiger) conditions, such that basicity is concluded to contribute to toxicity considerably.
Dawson et al. (1975) studied in addition toxicity to salt water / marine water fish. The tested salt water species was Tidewater Silverside (Menidia beryllina), and a LC50 (96 h) of 24 mg/L was determined.
The acute toxicity values relevant for classification are located between 10 and 100 mg/L. The result obtained on marine fish (LC50 = 24 mg/L) corresponds to that found with freshwater fish [Dawson et al. 1975].
Aquatic invertebrates
EC50 (48 h) = 8.2 mg/L (geometric mean of EC0 and EC100; mean measured)
NOEC (7 -d, reprod.) = 1.09 mg/L (TWM measured)
In the only acute study conducted on daphnids (Ceriodaphnia dubia) over 48 h, the EC50 value was found to be < 10 mg/L [Collins 1994]. The other two studies resulting in EC50 values > 10 mg/L were run for 24 h only, hence are not considered to be reliable studies [Bringmann and Kühn 1982].
In a chronic study with Ceriodaphnia dubia following the US EPA method 1002.0 (Daphnid, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Survival and Reproduction Test), a 7 -d NOEC of 1.09 mg/L for effects on reproduction (and survival) was determined based on time weighted mean measured concentrations [Collins 1994]. The method is equivalent to OECD 211 using Ceriodaphia dubia which has a shorter generation period as Daphnia magna and is able to produce 3 broods witin 7 d.
Algae
ErC50 (72 h) = 17 mg/L (geometric mean measured)
ErC10 (72 h) = 3.7 mg/L (geometric mean measured)
The key study is a GLP-guideline study according to OECD 201 performed with the freshwater algae Desmodesmus subspicatus. The concentrations are analytically verified. The ErC50 was determined at 17 mg/L, the ErC10 at 3.7 mg/L (Muckle, 2013). Based on this result, the substance is supposed to be acutely harmful to aquatic algae. Non-reliable data are available on Microcystis aeruginosa and Scenedesmus quadricauda (Bringmann/Kühn). In these studies, major methodological deficiencies are obvious: pre-cultures up to 10 days old were used for the tests: cannot be in logarithmic growth phase anymore; test duration over 8 days instead of 3 (non-logarithmic); stagnant culture, shaken only once per day; number and spacing of tested concentrations not reported; "toxic threshold" concentration derived via absorption measurements equivalent to yield - growth rates not determined; accordingly, these studie must be regarded to be invalid.
Microorganisms
NOEC (Pseudomonas putida; 16 h) = 65 mg/L (unbuffered) / 800 mg/L (buffered)
In a cellular growth inhibition test using a pure bacteria culture of Pseudomonas putida, the toxicity threshold (TTC) was determined to be 65 mg/L (NOEC) under unbuffered conditions [Bringmann and Kühn 1977, 1980]. Upon neutralisation, the corresponding toxicity threshold (TTC, approximately equivalent to an EC03) was 800 mg/L. It must be assumed that sewage is neutralized to an acceptable pH range before discharge into STP. Further, sewage will have a buffer capacity on its own such that extreme pH values will not occur. Therefore, the TTC of 800 mg/L is the relevant value to be used in hazard and risk assessment for STP microorganisms.
In support of this value is the Zahn-Wellens test on inherent biodegradability (1977/1980). The initial concentration applied was 1000 mg/L COD (neutralized), and very rapid biodegradation was observed (90 % within 2 days, 100% within 5 days). This allows to exclude any relevant inoculum toxicity at this concentration.
In a 7-d toxicity pre-test preceding the main biodegradation study, 100 mg n-butylamine/L failed to inhibit the metabolism of the inoculum (here: activated sludge), indicated by highly efficient metabolic oxidation of glucose and n-butylamine itself (Yoshimura et al. 1980: see Section 5.2.1).
The other three pioneer studies referred to are based on pure cultures of non-standard test organisms (protozoae). All three organisms are of low relevance for the STP process (organisms feeding on bacteria). No standardized testing protocols do exist and thus reliability of the study outcome is not assessable. In conclusion, these are unsuitable test systems, and studies on Entosiphon and Chilomonas are disregarded [Bringmann and Kühn 1978 - 1982].
Summary of aquatic toxicity results for n-butylamine
Endpoint |
Organism group |
Species |
Value [mg/L] |
Reliability |
Remarks |
Source |
FISH |
||||||
96h LC50 |
Fish, freshwater |
Lepomis macrochirus |
32 (not buffered) |
2 (Key study #1) |
nominal, static |
Dawson et al. 1975 |
96h LC50 |
Fish, freshwater |
Pimephales promelas |
268 (neutral) |
1 |
analytically verified, flowthrough |
Geiger et al. 1985 |
96h LC50 |
Fish, salt water |
Menidia beryllina |
24 (not buffered) |
2 |
nominal, static |
Dawson et al. 1975 |
48h LC50 |
Fish, freshwater |
Leuciscus idus |
171 / 236 (not buffered) |
3 |
nominal, static |
Juhnke and Lüdemann 1978 |
48h LC0 |
Fish, freshwater |
Leuciscus idus |
100 |
4 |
nominal, static |
Hoechst AG 1977 |
DAPHNIA |
||||||
48h LC50 |
Aquatic invertebrates |
Ceriodaphnia dubia |
8.2 |
1 |
Analytically verifed, semi-static |
Collins 1994 (Springborn) |
24h EC50 |
Aquatic invertebrates |
Daphnia magna |
43 |
3 |
nominal, static |
Bringmann and Kühn 1982 |
24h EC50 |
Aquatic invertebrates |
Daphnia magna |
75 |
3 |
nominal, static |
Bringmann and Kühn 1982 |
7d NOEC |
Aquatic invertebrates |
Ceriodaphnia dubia |
1.5 (reprod.) 3 (mortality) |
2 (Key study) |
Analytically verified, |
Collins 1994 (Springborn) |
ALGA / CYANOBACTERIA |
||||||
72h ErC50 / ErC10 |
algae |
Desmodesmus subspicatus |
17 / 3.7 |
1 (Key study) |
nominal, static |
Muckle 2013 |
8d EC0 (long-term) |
algae |
Scenedesmus quadricauda |
0.54-0.55 |
3 |
nominal, static |
Bringmann and Kühn 1977 -1980 |
8d EC0 (long-term) |
cyano bacteria / blue algae |
Microcystis aeruginosa |
0.14 |
3 |
nominal, static |
Bringmann and Kühn 1977 -1980 |
MICROORGANISM |
||||||
16h NOEC |
Microorganisms: bacteriae |
P. putida |
65 (alkaline) |
2 (Key study) |
nominal, static |
Bringmann and Kühn 1977, 1980 |
72h EC0 |
Microorganisms: protozoae |
Entosiphon sulcatum |
8.8 (neutral) |
3, disregarded |
nominal, static |
Bringmann and Kühn 1978, 1980 |
48h EC0 |
Microorganisms: protozoae |
Chilomonas paramaecium |
53 (neutral) |
3, disregarded |
nominal, static |
Bringmann and Kühn 1980, 1981 |
20h EC0 |
Microorganisms: protozoae |
Uronema parduzci |
1752 (neutral) |
3 |
nominal, static |
Bringmann and Kühn 1980 |
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