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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: - | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
The most likely exposure pathway to humans is inhalation of the dust of fine-grained ferrous slag.
Dermal and oral repeated exposure is insignificant and consider as not critical and or not relevant for the users/human, based on expected uses.
GGBS is considered to cover the worst-case of ferrous slag, because it is intentionally ground for the cement industry and thus contains by far the highest amount of fine and inhalable particles compared to other types of ferrous slag.
From single-dose toxicity testing in animals via the oral, dermal and inhalation routes it can be concluded that ferrous slags are not acutely toxic. A acute 4 -week inhalation toxicity study in rats by GGBS conducted by Bayer Healthcare 2012, concentration-and-time-related onset of lung changes were monitored up to 90 days after a single short-term exposure to GGBS. The findings showed no likely acute inhalation hazard, based on the limit test data (LC50 > 5235 mg GGBS/m³), and ferrous slags can be expected to be virtually non-toxic after inhalation exposure. A short-term study (28 days) to repeated inhalation exposure to GGBS in rats up to 24 ug/L, was done by Charles River Laboratories, 2015. There were no death or adverse clinical signs during the study period and no evidence of lung injury could observed. Based on the result in this study, the NOAEL was determined to 24 ug/L (target concentration) or 24.9 ug/L (achieved concentration).
The aim of the studies was to provide information on health hazards likely to arise from short-term or long-term exposure to ferrous slags by the inhalation route.
A sub-chronic toxicity study (90 days) for inhalation does not need to be conducted because the substance (slags) is unreactive, insoluble and not inhalable and there is no evidence of absorption and no evidence of toxicity in a 28 day short-term study and human exposure is limited.
A short term-toxicity study by the oral and or dermal route does not need to be conducted because an appropriate inhalation study is available and inhalation is the most appropriate route of administration as based on the expected uses, exposure assessment and the chemical- and physico properties of the slags.
The substance is a solid at room temperature
and no or very little dust (below the work place limit value for
inhalable dust of 10 mg/m³ and for respiratory dust of 3 mg/m³ which
applies for inert dust in some of the European countries) is formed for
the intended uses. The work place limit values are routineously
monitored in all relevant workplaces were a significant exposure to slag
dust may occur.
Uptake of fine slag dust into the lungs does not significantly affect
the levels of trace metals in the lung associated lymph nodes. The half
live of slag dust in the lungs is approximately 60 d suggesting that
slags are inert dust without hazardous effect on the respiration system.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Repeated dose toxicity: via oral route - systemic effects
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - systemic effects
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - local effects
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- 24.9 mg/m³
- Study duration:
- subacute
- Species:
- rat
Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - systemic effects
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - local effects
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Justification for classification or non-classification
Toxicity studies are not available for Slag, Pig Iron ladle refining, non-granulated, water-cooled. Read-across to the assessment entity (analogue approach) to slags, steelmaking is applied for the assessment of Slag, Pig Iron ladle refining, non-granulated. Based on results of a leaching experiment performed with the target substance (i.e., Slag, Pig Iron ladle refining, non-granulated, water-cooled) and the source substance (i.e., slags steelmaking) solved metal ion concentrations of the target substance are similar to the solved metal concentrations of the source substance. Read-across is fully justified and discussed in detail in the RAAF document attached on IUCLID section 13.
There is no evidence for a toxicologically significant potential to ferrous slags after repeated inhalation exposures, based on the test results from the short-term inhalation studies.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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