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EC number: 283-626-9 | CAS number: 84696-07-1 Extractives and their physically modified derivatives such as tinctures, concretes, absolutes, essential oils, oleoresins, terpenes, terpene-free fractions, distillates, residues, etc., obtained from Cupressus sempervirens, Pinaceae.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1980
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study conducted according to OECD Guideline 301 C but with deviations: no detail on material and methods
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- no detail on material and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
No data - Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- - Concentration of sludge: 30 ppm
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 14 d
- Initial conc.:
- 100 other: ppm
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Details on study design:
- No data
- Preliminary study:
- No data
- Test performance:
- No data
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- >= 41 - <= 98
- Sampling time:
- 14 d
- Details on results:
- - Indirect analysis (BOD): 41, 81 and 98%
- Direct analysis (GC): 100%
- Direct analysis (TOC): 50, 73 and 81% - Results with reference substance:
- No data
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions, Limonene was readily biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
In a ready biodegradation study performed according to OECD Guideline 301 C, Limonene was tested at concentrations of 100 ppm and the inoculum was activated sludge (30 ppm). The degradation of the test material was assessed by the determination of the oxygen consumption.
At 100 ppm test concentration, 41-98% degradation by biochemical oxygen demand was reached in 14 days.
Under the test conditions, Limonene was readily biodegradable.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 2007
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study conducted according to OECD Guideline 301 C but with deviations: no detail on material and methods
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- no detail on material and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
No data - Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- - Concentration of sludge: 30 mg/L
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Details on study design:
- No data
- Preliminary study:
- No data
- Test performance:
- No data
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- >= 90 - <= 95
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- - Indirect analysis (BOD): 91, 90 and 95%
- Direct analysis (GC): 100, 100 and 100% - Results with reference substance:
- No data
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions, alpha-pinene was readily biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
In a ready biodegradation study performed according to OECD Guideline 301 C, alpha-pinene was tested at concentrations of 100 mg/L and the inoculum was activated sludge (30 mg/L). The degradation of the test material was assessed by the determination of the oxygen consumption.
At 100 mg/L test concentration, 90 -95% degradation (biochemical oxygen demand) was reached in 28 days.
Under the test conditions, alpha-pinene was readily biodegradable.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 2013-06-17 to 2013-07-31
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Justification for type of information:
- Experimental data on substance with similar composition than registered substance.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- Aerobic activated sludge (microorganisms from a domestic wastewater treatment plant) was supplied by the sewage works of Rossdorf, Germany.
The aerobic activated sludge used for this study was washed by centrifugation and the supernatant liquid phase was decanted. The solid material was re-suspended in tap water and centrifuged again. This procedure was done three times. An aliquot of the final sludge suspension was weighed, dried
and the ratio of wet sludge to its dry weight was determined.
Based on this ratio, calculated aliquots of washed sludge suspension, corresponding to 3.5 g dry material per litre were mixed with test water. This suspension was aerated overnight and was used for the experiment. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 78 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Initial conc.:
- 236.7 mg/L
- Based on:
- ThOD/L
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- The test flasks were incubated at 22 ± 1 °C. The The pressure decrease in the reaction vessels was measured over complete experimental phase of 28 days. The test flasks were closed gas-tight by a measuring head. Potassium hydroxide solution (45%) was used for trapping the produced carbon dioxide. The amount of O2 consumed by the activated sludge was calculated from the decrease of pressure in the reaction vessel.
Test conditions: climatised room 22 +-1°C
Light: Darkness
pH-value of thest solutions: 7.6 (measured at the start of the test ; 7.6 - 7.8 (measured at the end of the test) - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Preliminary study:
- no data
- Test performance:
- no data
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 70
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: failing 10-day window
- Details on results:
- no data
- Results with reference substance:
- The reference item sodium benzoate was sufficiently degraded to 85% after 14 days and to 91% after 28 days of incubation.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Pine needle oil undergoes 70% biodegradation after 28 days in the test conditions. Biodegradation starts on day 3 and reached 70% at the end of the 28-day period (10-day window failed). The curves obtained with the reference substance alone and with Pine needle oil + reference substance show no toxic effect of Pine needle oil on the micro-organisms at the test concentration.
- Executive summary:
Pine needle oil undergoes 70% biodegradation after 28 days in the test conditions in a 301F study. Biodegradation starts on day 3 and reached 70% at the end of the 28-day period.
The degradation rate of Pine needle oil did not reach 60% within the 10-day window, but after 28 days. Therefore, Pine needle oil is considered to be readily biodegradable, but failing 10-day window.
Due to the fact that the substance is identified as an UVCB or as a complex, the 10-day window condition may be waived and the pass level applied at 28 days according to section 4.1.2.9.5 of CLP COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 286/2011 of 10 March 2011.
The curves obtained with the reference substance alone and with Pine needle oil + reference substance show no toxic effect of Pine needle oil on the micro-organisms at the test concentration. Therefore under the test condition Pine needle oil is considered as ready biodegradable.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: screening tests
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 2014-08-19
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Justification for type of information:
- QSAR prediction: migrated from IUCLID 5.6
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Guideline:
- other: Biowin v4.10
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- QSAR, Biowin v4.10. More details are given in QMRF/QPRF attached to the dossier.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
not applicable - Details on inoculum:
- not applicable
- Details on study design:
- not applicable
- Preliminary study:
- not applicable
- Test performance:
- not applicable
- Remarks on result:
- other: Biowin 1 = Does Not Biodegrade Fast Biowin 2 = Does Not Biodegrade Fast Biowin 3 = Weeks – Months Biowin 4 = Days - Weeks Biowin 5 = Readily Degradable Biowin 6 = readily Degradable Biowin 7 = Does Not Biodegrade Fast
- Details on results:
- Biowin 1 = Does Not Biodegrade Fast
Biowin 2 = Does Not Biodegrade Fast
Biowin 3 = Weeks – Months
Biowin 4 = Days - Weeks
Biowin 5 = Readily Degradable
Biowin 6 = readily Degradable
Biowin 7 = Does Not Biodegrade Fast - Results with reference substance:
- not applicable
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Interpretation of results:
- under test conditions no biodegradation observed
- Conclusions:
- Biowin 1 = Does Not Biodegrade Fast
Biowin 2 = Does Not Biodegrade Fast
Biowin 3 = Weeks – Months
Biowin 4 = Days - Weeks
Biowin 5 = Readily Degradable
Biowin 6 = readily Degradable
Biowin 7 = Does Not Biodegrade Fast - Executive summary:
Delta-3 -carene ready biodegradation property was investigated using QSAR approach with Biowin v4.10 plug-in from EPISUITE v4.1 from USEPA.
Results are as follow:
Biowin 1 = Does Not Biodegrade Fast
Biowin 2 = Does Not Biodegrade Fast
Biowin 3 = Weeks – Months
Biowin 4 = Days - Weeks
Biowin 5 = Readily Degradable
Biowin 6 = readily Degradable
Biowin 7 = Does Not Biodegrade Fast
Therefore, it is expected that Delta-3 -carene is not readily biodegradable.
Referenceopen allclose all
None
None
no data
Description of key information
Based on the results from ready biodegradability tests and prediction of delta-3-carene showing that all major constituents are readily biodegradable, it can be concluded that Cypress oil is expected to be readily biodegradable.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
Additional information
All major constituents of Cypress oil are considered readily biodegradable, except delta-3-carene (see table below). However, it has been shown, with a similar (in composition) substance (Pine needle oil) that contains delta-3-carene (15%), that once in mixture delta-3-carene does not inhibit the ready biodegradability property of the substance.
Constituents |
Typical composition |
Biodegradation results |
Reference in IUCLID 6 |
(d,l)-limonene |
5 % |
Readily biodegradable |
(d,l)-limonene, 138-86-3, Biodegradation in water: screening tests, MITI, 1980, RS, W |
alpha-pinene |
60 % |
Readily biodegradable |
alpha-pinene, 80-56-8, Biodegradation in water: screening tests, MITI, 2007, RS, W |
Delta-3-carene |
27 % |
Not Readily biodegradable |
Delta-3-carene, 13466-78-9, Biodegradation in water, screening test, Biowin v4.10, RS, W |
Pine needle oil |
N/A |
Readily biodegradable |
Biodegradation in water, Pine needle oil, 2013, RS, W |
Therefore, based on a Weight of Evidence approach, it can be possible to consider that Cypress oil is readily biodegradable.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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