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EC number: 218-915-0 | CAS number: 2280-49-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro cytogenicity / micronucleus study
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: chromosome aberration
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 2013
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Guideline study according to GLP
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 013
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD Guideline for the testing of chemicals 487. In vitro mammalian cell micronucleus test OECD (2010)
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Vulkalent E (N-phenyl-N-[(trichloromethyl)thio]benzenesulphonamide, CAS no.: 2280-49-1) can induce chromosome breakage (structural chromosomal aberrations) or misdistribution of chromosomes leading to aneuploidy, both of which are measured by an increase of the frequency of micronuclei containing mammalian cells in the absence and presence of an extrinsic metabolizing system.
Vulkalent E, dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, was examined for mutagenic activity in the micronucleus test in vitro. The 4 hours treatment was conducted with concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2.5 and 5 μg/mL without S9 mix and of 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 100 μg/mL with S9 mix.
The in vitro mammalian cell micronucleus test was conducted according to the OECD Guideline for the testing of chemicals 487 (2010). - GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- in vitro mammalian cell micronucleus test
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- N-phenyl-N-[(trichloromethyl)thio]benzenesulphonamide
- EC Number:
- 218-915-0
- EC Name:
- N-phenyl-N-[(trichloromethyl)thio]benzenesulphonamide
- Cas Number:
- 2280-49-1
- Molecular formula:
- C13H10Cl3NO2S2
- IUPAC Name:
- N-phenyl-N-[(trichloromethyl)sulfanyl]benzenesulfonamide
- Test material form:
- not specified
- Details on test material:
- Purity: 99.8%
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- When cytogenetic damages leading to chromosomal breakage (clastogenic effects) or
misdistribution of chromosomes (aneugenic effects) are induced during mitosis, chromosomal
fragments or a whole chromosome may be separated from the main nucleus. In interphase the
separated fragment or chromosome can form a tiny nucleus (micronucleus) that exists
independently of the main nucleus in the cytoplasm.
Micronuclei can be seen in a wide variety of cell types. In the micronucleus test employed in
the present study in vitro cultivated V79 cells were used. V79 cells were derived from fetal
lung tissue of Chinese hamsters and are one of the cell lines most widely used for
mutagenicity studies (3). In common with all cell lines they do not possess the full ability of
mammals to activate promutagenic and procarcinogenic compounds. To overcome this
deficiency the compounds are tested in the presence of an exogenous metabolizing system.
Postmitochondrial supernatant fraction from liver of Aroclor 1254-treated male rats and a
NADPH-generating system have been successfully used in prokaryotic and eukaryotic in vitro
systems for the activation of various compounds.
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79)
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Postmitochondrial supernatant fraction from liver of Aroclor 1254-treated male rats (S9).
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- Vulkalent E, dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, was examined for mutagenic activity in the
micronucleus test in vitro. The 4 hours treatment was conducted with concentrations of 0.01,
0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2.5 and 5 μg/mL without S9 mix and of 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20,
25 and 100 μg/mL with S9 mix.
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- yes
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- cyclophosphamide
- mitomycin C
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79)
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
Any other information on results incl. tables
Vulkalent E, dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, was examined for mutagenic activity in the
micronucleus test in vitro. The 4 hours treatment was conducted with concentrations of 0.01,
0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2.5 and 5 μg/mL without S9 mix and of 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20,
25 and 100 μg/mL with S9 mix.
Without S9 mix cytotoxic effects were observed at 0.25 μg/mL and above after 4 hours
treatment. With S9 mix cytotoxic effects were observed at 15 μg/mL and above. Precipitation
in the medium could be observed starting at 100 μg/mL.
Therefore, concentrations of 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 μg/mL (without S9 mix, 4 hours treatment) 2.5,
10 and 15 μg/mL (with S9 mix, 4 hours treatment) were chosen for reading. Higher
concentrations were excluded from evaluation for micronuclei due to excessive cytotoxicity.
Solvent control (tetrahydrofuran) and appropriate positive controls with known mutagens
(mitomycin C, cyclophosphamide) demonstrated the suitability and sensitivity of the test
system.
The micronucleus test showed a biologically relevant increase in the frequencies of
micronucleus containing V79 cells treated with the test item in the absence or in the presence
of S9 mix (4 hours treatment). Thus, an independent repeat experiment with extended
treatment time in the absence of S9 mix was not performed in accordance with OECD 487.
Evaluation of the data indicates that Vulkalent E is a mutagen in the micronucleus test in
vitro, when tested up to cytotoxic concentrations in the absence or presence of metabolic
activation.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
The micronucleus test showed a biologically relevant increase in the frequencies of
micronucleus containing V79 cells treated with the test item in the absence or in the presence
of S9 mix (4 hours treatment). Thus, an independent repeat experiment with extended
treatment time in the absence of S9 mix was not performed in accordance with OECD 487.
Evaluation of the data indicates that Vulkalent E is a mutagen in the micronucleus test in
vitro, when tested up to cytotoxic concentrations in the absence or presence of metabolic
activation.
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