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EC number: 272-940-1 | CAS number: 68921-45-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to reproduction
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- screening for reproductive / developmental toxicity
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2006
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- other: SIDS Dossier data
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 006
- Report date:
- 2003
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 68442-68-2
- Cas Number:
- 68442-68-2
- IUPAC Name:
- 68442-68-2
- Test material form:
- liquid: viscous
- Details on test material:
- CAS No: 68442-68-2
EINECS No: 270-485-3
EINECS Name: Benzenamine, N-phenyl-, styrenated
CAS Name: Benzenamine, N-phenyl-, styrenated
Substance type: organic
Physical status: liquid
Purity: > 98 % w/w
Result: Molecular weight: 320
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: Crl:CD® (SD) IGS BR
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Not specified
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- corn oil
- Details on exposure:
- The test material was administered by gavage to three groups each of ten male and ten female Sprague-Dawley Crl:CD® (SD) IGS BR strain rats, for up to fifty-four consecutive days, at dose levels of 50, 250 and 600 mg/kg/day. A control group of ten males and ten females was dosed with vehicle alone (corn oil).
- Details on mating procedure:
- Pairing of animals within each dose group was undertaken on a one male:one female basis on Day 15 of the study, to produce litters. The presence of sperm within the vaginal smear and/or vaginal plug in situ was taken as positive evidence of mating.
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- Not specified from the OECD SIDS documentation.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 14 days prior to mating, throughout mating and gestation and continuing through lactation day 3. Equates to:
Males: 43 days; Females: up to 54 days - Frequency of treatment:
- daily
- Details on study schedule:
- Pairing of animals within each dose group was undertaken on a one male:one female basis on Day 15 of the study, to produce litters.
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0, 50, 250 and 600 mg/kg/day
Basis:
actual ingested
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- Ten males and ten females per dose.
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Details on study design:
- Not specified
- Positive control:
- Not specified
Examinations
- Parental animals: Observations and examinations:
- Clinical signs, behavioural assessments, bodyweight development, food and water consumption were monitored during the study. Haematology and blood chemistry were evaluated prior to mating on five selected males and females from each dose group.
Extensive functional observations were performed on five selected parental males from each dose group after the completion of the mating phase, and for five selected parental females rom each dose group on Day 4 post partum.
Pregnancy and parturition: The following was recorded for each female:
i) Date of mating
jj) Date and time of observed start of parturition
iii) Date and time of observed completion of parturition
iv) Duration of gestation - Oestrous cyclicity (parental animals):
- Not specified
- Sperm parameters (parental animals):
- Not specified
- Litter observations:
- Daily clinical observations were performed on all surviving offspring, together with litter size and offspring weights and assessment of developmental landmarks.
- Postmortem examinations (parental animals):
- Males were terminated on Day 43, followed by the termination of all surviving females and offspring on Day 5 post partum. All animals were subjected to a gross necropsy examination and histopathological evaluation of selected tissues was performed.
- Postmortem examinations (offspring):
- Not specified
- Statistics:
- Not specified
- Reproductive indices:
- Not specified
- Offspring viability indices:
- Not specified
Results and discussion
Results: P0 (first parental generation)
General toxicity (P0)
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- no effects observed
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- no effects observed
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- liver and thyroid gland
- Other effects:
- not examined
Reproductive function / performance (P0)
- Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:
- not examined
- Reproductive function: sperm measures:
- not examined
- Reproductive performance:
- no effects observed
Details on results (P0)
Clinical Observations: No clinically observable signs of toxicity were detected.
Behavioural Assessments: No treatment-related effects were detected.
Functional Performance Tests: No treatment-related effects were detected.
Sensory reactivity Assessments: No treatment-related effects were detected.
Bodyweights: No adverse effect on bodyweight was observed for males throughout the treatment period, or for females during the maturation, gestation or lactation phases of the study.
Food Consumption: No adverse effect on dietary intake was detected for males throughout the treatment period, or for females during the maturation, gestation or lactation phases of the study.
Water Consumption: No overt intergroup differences were detected. Haematology: No treatment-related changes were detected prior to mating.
Blood Chemistry: Elevated alkaline phosphatase levels were detected for males treated with 600 mg/kg/day. Males treated with 600 and 250 mg/kg/day also showed reduced cholesterol levels. No such effects were detected for females treated with 600 or 250 mg/kg/day or for animals of either sex treated with 50 mg/kg/day.
Necropsy of Adults: No treatment-related macroscopic abnormalities were detected for the interim death female or for the remaining animals at terminal kill.
Organ Weights: Elevated liver and adrenal weights, both absolute and relative to terminal bodyweights, were detected for animals of either sex treated with 600 mg/kg/day.
Histopathology: Histopathological examination of adult tissue revealed the following treatment-related changes:
Liver: Centrilobular hepatocyte enlargement was observed for animals of either sex treated with 600 and 250 mg/g/day, with the effect extending into the female 50 mg/kg/day dose group.
Thyroid glands: Follicular cell hypertrophy was observed for males treated with 600 and probably also at 250 mg/kg/day. No such effects were detected for females at these dose levels, or for animals of either sex treated with 50 mg/kg/day.
Mating: No adverse effects on mating performance, fertility or gestation were detected.
Effect levels (P0)
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 250 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- organ weights and organ / body weight ratios
- histopathology: non-neoplastic
Results: F1 generation
General toxicity (F1)
- Clinical signs:
- not examined
- Mortality / viability:
- mortality observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- see Details on results (offspring)
- Body weight and weight changes:
- no effects observed
- Sexual maturation:
- not examined
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- no effects observed
- Gross pathological findings:
- no effects observed
- Histopathological findings:
- no effects observed
Details on results (F1)
Litter Observations: There were no clinical signs to suggest an effect of treatment.
Offspring Viability: Mean offspring weights for treated animals were comparable to controls.
Offspring Development: Offspring from the 600 mg/kg/day dose group showed less successful completion of surface righting assessments. There were no treatment-related differences in pinna unfolding.
Necropsy of Offspring: No treatment-related macroscopic abnormalities were detected for the interim death offspring or for the remaining offspring at terminal kill.
Effect levels (F1)
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Generation:
- F1
- Effect level:
- 250 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: Increase in pre-implantation losses
Overall reproductive toxicity
- Reproductive effects observed:
- not specified
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The NOAEL for reproductive toxicity was therefore considered to be 250 mg/kg/day.
- Executive summary:
Study conducted to OECD test guidance in compliance with GLP. Data included for OECD SIDS dossier. Treatment-related effects on reproduction were observed at 600 mg/kg/day. These were confined to an increase in pre-implantation losses, resulting in lower offspring numbers at this dose level. The NOAEL for reproductive toxicity was therefore considered to be 250 mg/kg/day. Read across to supporting substance, CAS No. 68442 -68 -2, by structural analogue.
This substance has been supported under Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program. The American Chemical Councils RAPA Panel, has derived a “Substituted Diphenylamines” category of chemicals for this substance, please refer to EPA reference 201-14700A located at
http://www.epa.gov/hpv/pubs/summaries/subdipha/c13378rt.pdf
Relying on several factors specified in EPA’s guidance document on “Development of Chemical Categories in the HPV Challenge Program,” in which use of chemical categories is encouraged, the chemicals constitute a chemical category on the following basis:
Structural Similarity. A key factor supporting the classification of these chemicals as a category is their structural similarity (see Figure 1). All share a common starting material; Diphenylamine (Benzenamine, N-phenyl-, CAS# 122-39-4), a common synthetic pathway, and all compounds in this category are diamines with various substitutions.
Similarity of Physicochemical Properties. The similarity of the physicochemical properties of these materials parallels their structural similarity. All are off-white to light brown solids or viscous liquids intended for use as antioxidants in finished rubber articles or as antidegradant additives that extend the useful life of heavy-duty industrial functional fluids used in high-speed, high-temperature and/or high-load applications. As a class, these amine-based antidegradant compounds are less migratory (more polymer-bound) and less staining than the Substituted p-Phenylenediamine antidegradants. The use of these materials requires that they be stable under high temperatures. Their low volatility is due to their low vapor pressure, highly viscous or solid form. The existing information for these materials indicates that they have low water solubility and high flash points.
Toxicological Similarity. Review of existing published and unpublished test data for Substituted Diphenylamines shows the aquatic and mammalian toxicity among the materials within this category are similar.
Mammalian Toxicology - Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity. Data from reproductive and developmental toxicity studies were reviewed. Sufficient data are not available to adequately represent the Substituted Diphenylamines for the purposes of the HPV Program, and additional testing is proposed, and additional testing is proposed. It is proposed to test the smallest aryl- and akyl-substituted materials.
Conclusion. Based upon the data reviewed in “Substituted Diphenylamines” category of chemicals, the physicochemical and toxicological properties of the Substituted Diphenylamine category members are similar and follow a regular pattern as a result of that structural similarity. Therefore, the definition of a chemical category has been met, and read across is considered appropriate for the category of chemical.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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