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EC number: 237-424-2 | CAS number: 13780-06-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 12-16 January 1996
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- Good quality study, conducted to GLP, with a slight deviation with regard to the timing of a single observation point. The test material was a 34% solution of hydrated calcium nitrite.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Observations were made after 5 hours, and not after 6 hours, as stated in the protocol. This deviation was for practical reasons and did not affect the outcome of the study.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.1 (Acute Toxicity for Fish)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Observations were made after 5 hours, and not after 6 hours, as stated in the protocol. This deviation was for practical reasons and did not affect the outcome of the study.
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- Not applicable
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: The test substance was dissolved in deionised water to give an initial 2 L stock solution (nominally at 1000 mg/L). This stock solution was added directly to the test vessel and made up to 20 L to give the desired exposure level.
- Eluate: not applicable
- Differential loading: not applicable
- Controls: untreated tap water
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): not applicable
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution(s) or suspension(s) including control(s)): not applicable
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc.): none reported - Test organisms (species):
- Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Rainbow trout
- Source: Parkwood Trout Farm, Norfolk, UK
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): no data
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): mean standard length was 4.9 cm, SD = 0.5 cm.
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): mean weight was 1.54 g, SD = 0.46 g.
- Method of breeding: not applicable
- Maintenance of the brood fish: not applicable
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 7 days
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): very similar
- Type and amount of food during acclimation: commercial fry pellet food
- Feeding frequency during acclimation: daily (except 24 hr period directly before exposure).
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): healthy (no mortality)
FEEDING DURING TEST
Fish were not fed during the 96 hour exposure period. - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- As recommended in applicable guideline
- Post exposure observation period:
- Not applicable
- Hardness:
- 130 mg/L
- Test temperature:
- 14 +/- 1 deg C
- pH:
- mean 7.7
- Dissolved oxygen:
- mean 9.8 mg(O2)/L
- Salinity:
- Freshwater
- Conductivity:
- 400 µS/cm
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Preliminary study: 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 mg/L (nominal)
Main study: 100 mg/L (nominal limit test) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: glass aquaria (25 x 46 x 25 cm).
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: each vessel contained 20 L of medium to a depth of 19 cm. This provided an initial loading of 0.77 g bodyweight/L (static volume).
- Aeration: "Supplementary aeration was provided via narrow glass tubes"
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): not applicable
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): Daily batchwise renewal of test media.
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): not applicable
- Biomass loading rate: no data
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Laboratory tap drinking water filtered, dechlorinated and softened by passage through a water purification system. Test substance dissolved in deionised water to give an initial 2 litre stock solution nominally at 1000 mg/L. This stock solution was added directly to the test vessel and made up to 20 L to give the desired exposure level.
Analysis of drinking water supply to Huntingdon Research Centre (6th November 1995):
- Total organic carbon: 1.4 mg/L
- Particulate matter: no data
- Metals: "not significant"
- Pesticides: Triazine herbicides (simazine, atrazine and propazine) all <0.03 ug/L; organophosphorus pesticides (including chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dichlorvos) all <0.02 ug/L; organochlorine pesticides (including aldrin, heptachlor, DDE and DDT) all <0.02 ug/L;
- Chlorine: 0.01 mg/L
- Alkalinity: 73 mg/L
- Ca/mg ratio: no data
- Culture medium different from test medium: no data
- Intervals of water quality measurement: no data
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no data
- Photoperiod: 16 hr light / 8 hr dark
- Light intensity: no data
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Mortality, measured by: (a) absence of respiratory movement and (b) absence of response to physical stimulation of the caudal peduncle. Subjective measurements on the type and incidence of sub-lethal effects, as compared to controls, were also made. Observations (lethal and sub-lethal) were made at 3, 5*, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. [The 5 hour exposure observation was a minor deviation from the protocol which indicated a 6 hour observation time point.]
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: not applicable
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: limit concentration
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 mg/L (nominal)
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- not required
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Effect level is equivalent to >34 mg/kg bw as calcium nitrite
- Details on results:
- In the main study, no mortalities were observed in rainbow trout exposed to water containing nominal test material concentrations of 100 mg/L for 96 hours. Sub-lethal effects were observed at this concentration, including 2 fish swimming at an angle, a fish lying on the bottom of the aquaria (at 48, 72 and 96 hours), 5 fish with darker pigmentation (at 24, 48 and 72 hours, reducing to 3 fish at 96 hours) and excess mucus production on the dorsal fin in all fish from 72 hours onwards.
In the preliminary study, no sublethal effects were seen at the lower concentration of 10 mg/L, except for one fish lying on the bottom of the aquaria at 48 hours. A concentration of 10 mg/L is therefore considered the study NOEC. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Not applicable
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In a guideline study, to GLP, no mortality was apparent in freshwater rainbow trout exposed to water containing calcium nitrite (hydrate) at nominal limit concentration of 100 mg/L for 96 hours, although sub-lethal effects were observed.
- Executive summary:
In a GLP study conducted to OECD Test Guideline 203 and EC Method C1, calcium nitrite (hydrate) was studied for acute toxicity to freshwater rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), under semi-static conditions. The test substance (DCI), available as a 34% aqueous solution of calcium nitrite, was added to purified water and the fish exposed for 96 hours. In the preliminary study, test article concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 mg/L (nominal) were used. No deaths were seen, so a main (limit) study was conducted using 10 fish/group exposed to 0 or 100 mg/L (nominal) for 96 hours.
In the main study, there was no mortality in rainbow trout exposed to water containing nominal test material concentrations of 100 mg/L for 96 hours. Sub-lethal effects were observed at this concentration, including two fish swimming at an angle, a fish lying on the bottom of the aquaria (at 48, 72 and 96 hours), 5 fish with darker pigmentation (at 24, 48 and 72 hours, reducing to 3 fish at 96 hours) and excess mucus production on the dorsal fin in all test-item exposed fish from 72 hours onwards. In the preliminary study, no sublethal effects were seen at the lower concentration of 10 mg/L, except for one fish lying on the bottom of the aquaria at 48 hours. Environmental parameters (including pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen) remained within acceptable limits.
Based on these results, and in the absence of any mortality, the 96-hr LC50 for the test material was concluded to be >100 mg/L (the highest concentration tested). However, sub-lethal effects were seen at this concentration, but not at the lower concentration of 10 mg/L used in the preliminary test, so 100 mg/L can be seen as the test material study LOAEC.
Reference
Description of key information
In a GLP study conducted according to OECD Test Guideline 203, no mortality was apparent in freshwater rainbow trout exposed to water containing calcium nitrite (hydrate) at a nominal limit concentration of 100 mg/L (equivalent to 34 mg/L as calcium nitrite) for 96 hours, although sub-lethal effects were observed (Kelly, 1996a).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
In a GLP study conducted to OECD Test Guideline 203 and EC Method C1, calcium nitrite (hydrate) was studied for acute toxicity to freshwater rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), under semi-static conditions. The test substance (DCI), available as a 34% aqueous solution of calcium nitrite, was added to purified water and the fish exposed for 96 hours. In the preliminary study, test article concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 mg/L (nominal) were used. No deaths were seen, so a main (limit) study was conducted using 10 fish/group exposed to 0 or 100 mg/L (nominal) for 96 hours. In the main study, there was no mortality in rainbow trout exposed to water containing nominal test material concentrations of 100 mg/L for 96 hours. Sub-lethal effects were observed at this concentration, including two fish swimming at an angle, a fish lying on the bottom of the aquaria (at 48, 72 and 96 hours), 5 fish with darker pigmentation (at 24, 48 and 72 hours, reducing to 3 fish at 96 hours) and excess mucus production on the dorsal fin in all test-item exposed fish from 72 hours onwards. In the preliminary study, no sublethal effects were seen at the lower concentration of 10 mg/L, except for one fish lying on the bottom of the aquaria at 48 hours. Environmental parameters (including pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen) remained within acceptable limits. Based on these results, and in the absence of any mortality, the 96-hr LC50 for the test material was concluded to be >100 mg/L (the highest concentration tested) [equivalent to >34 mg/L as calcium nitrite]. However, sub-lethal effects were seen at this concentration, but not at the lower concentration of 10 mg/L used in the preliminary test, so 100 mg/L can be seen as the test material study LOAEC (Kelly, 1996a).
The acute toxicity of sodium nitrite to fish varies widely between the species tested; 96-hr LC50 values ranging from 0.54 mg/L (for Oncorhynchus mykiss [rainbow trout]) to 1010.4 mg/L (for Anguilla japonica [Japanese eel] have been reported in the literature. This difference has been attributed to the ability of certain species, such as eels, bass and sunfish to prevent nitrite from crossing the gill membrane and entering the blood, whilst other species such as rainbow trout concentrate nitrite in their blood. Reported acute toxicity values also vary widely between studies on particular species of fish and the quality of the water used in the test (e.g. pH, calcium ion concentration and in particular chloride ion concentration) is considered able to influence the study results (OECD, 2005).
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