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Diss Factsheets

Toxicological information

Skin irritation / corrosion

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Administrative data

Endpoint:
skin irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
22-24 December 2011
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Good-quality, well-documented guideline study, to GLP

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
study report
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
2012
Report date:
2012

Materials and methods

Test guidelineopen allclose all
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals, Section 4, No. 439, “In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method” adopted 22 July 2010
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: EpiSkin™ SOP, Version 1.8 (February 2009), ECVAM Skin Irritation Validation Study: Validation of the EpiSkin™ test method 15 min - 42 hours for the prediction of acute skin irritation of chemicals. Available at: [http://ecvam.jrc.ec.europa.eu]
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: IN VITRO SKIN IRRITATION: RECONSTRUCTED HUMAN EPIDERMIS MODEL TEST in relation to Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 (as amended) and Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 on REACH (Annex III, B.46).
Deviations:
no
Principles of method if other than guideline:
The test is designed to predict and classify the skin irritant potential of chemicals according to chemical safety regulations, using the reconstructed human epidermis model EPISKIN-SM and parameters related to skin irritation.
EPISKIN-SM is a three-dimensional human skin model comprising a reconstructed epidermis with a functional stratum corneum. Its use for skin irritation testing involves topical application of test materials to the surface of the epidermis, and the subsequent assessment of their effects on cell viability. Cell viability determination is based on cellular mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity, measured by MTT reduction and conversion into a blue formazan salt that is quantitatively measured after extraction from tissues. The reduction of cell viability in treated tissues is compared to negative controls and expressed as a %. The % reduction in viability is used to predict the irritation potential.

The EPISKIN-SM has been found scientifically valid for reliably predicting no label and R38 (irritant) substances in respect to the previous EU classification scheme and has been confirmed in April 2009 by ESAC for use under the UN GHS system as "applicable to all authorities". It is approved by international regulatory agencies as a replacement for the identification of irritants/corrosives in the in vivo rabbit skin assay(OECD 404).
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)

Test material

Constituent 1
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
Dihydrogen hexahydroxyplatinate
EC Number:
257-471-2
EC Name:
Dihydrogen hexahydroxyplatinate
Cas Number:
51850-20-5
Molecular formula:
H6O6Pt.2H
IUPAC Name:
hexahydroxyplatinate(2-)
Constituent 2
Reference substance name:
Hexahydroxyplatinic Acid
IUPAC Name:
Hexahydroxyplatinic Acid
Details on test material:
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Dihydrogen Hexahydroxyplatinate
- Substance type: Technical product
- Physical state: Solid (yellow)
- Analytical purity:99.9% (platinum content 64.80%)
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): metallic impurity concentrations are detailed in Appendix 3 of the attached full study report
- Purity test date: not reported
- Lot/batch No.: CW0466 (manufactured 05 October 2010)
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 30 September 2015
- Storage condition of test material: Controlled Room Temperature (15-25°C, below 70 RH%)

Test animals

Species:
human
Strain:
other: Reconstructed human epidermis model (see details below)
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
EPISKIN-SM (Source: SkinEthic, France, Batch No.:11-EKIN-047, Expiry date: 26 December 2011) is a three-dimensional human epidermis model. Adult human-derived epidermal keratinocytes are seeded on a dermal substitute consisting of a collagen type I matrix coated with type IV collagen. A highly differentiated and stratified epidermis model is obtained after 13-day culture period comprising the main basal, supra basal, spinous and granular layers and a functional stratum corneum.

Test system

Type of coverage:
other: Applied evenly to the epidermal surface following the application of 10 ul distilled water to this surface
Preparation of test site:
other: in vitro cell culture
Vehicle:
water
Remarks:
distilled
Controls:
other: negative control skin unit tested in triplicate
Amount / concentration applied:
20 mg (finely ground) to each of three test skin units.
10 µl PBS (phosphate buffered saline) was added to each of the three negative control skin units and 10 µl SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate, 5% aqueous solution) was added to each of the three positive control skin units.
For additional control for staining effects of the test item, 10 µl distilled water was applied to the epidermal surface of a single skin unit to ensure good contact with the epidermis, then 20 mg of the test item (finely ground) was applied evenly to the epidermal surface.
Duration of treatment / exposure:
Exposure for 15 minutes (± 0.5 min) at room temperature (20-37°C).
Then incubated with fresh “maintenance medium” for 42 hours (± 1h) at 37°C.
Observation period:
Not applicable to this test system
Number of animals:
Not applicable to this test system
Details on study design:
EPISKIN-SM assay plate contained reconstructed epidermis units (area: 0.38 cm2); each was attached to the base of a tissue culture vessel and maintained on nutritive agar.

After test substance exposure and subsequent incubation, preparations for cell viability determination were: incubation with MTT solution (at 37 degrees C for 3 hours) followed by incubation with acidified isopropanol for formazan extraction (around two hours at room temperature with gentle agitation).

For cell viability measurements, the OD (Absorbance / Optical Density) of the samples in a spectrophotometer was read at 540 nm using acidified isopropanol solution blank (6×200 µL). (The validity of the microplate reader was verified with a standard verification plate daily before use. The standard plate was calibrated yearly by the manufacturer.)

For each treated tissue, OD (as adjusted for colouring potential of the test substance) was calculated and the tissue viability was expressed as a % relative to negative control.

Criteria for classification as irritant/non-irritant: If the resulting mean relative viability (as adjusted for intrinsic colour) is less than or equal to 50% of the negative control, the test substance is considered to be irritant to skin.

Results and discussion

In vitro

Results
Irritation / corrosion parameter:
other: other:
Value:
82
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Basis: mean Cell/tissue viability. Time point: 42 hours. Reversibility: other: Not applicable. Remarks: Score is a percentage (%) of negative control. Mean relative viability <=50% the test substance is considered to be irritant to skin.. (migrated information)

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:
not classified
Remarks:
Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
Conclusions:
In an in vitro EpiSkin assay conducted in accordance with OECD Test Guideline 439 and to GLP, dihydrogen hexahydroxyplatinate was considered to be non-irritating to skin.
Executive summary:

Dihydrogen hexahydroxyplatinate was tested for skin irritation potential in an in vitro reconstructed human epidermis model (EpiSkin assay) conducted in accordance with OECD Test Guideline 439, and to GLP.

 

EpiSkin is a three-dimensional human skin model comprising a reconstructed epidermis with a functional stratum corneum. Its use for skin irritation testing involves topical application of test materials to the surface of the epidermis, and the subsequent assessment of their effects on cell viability. Cell viability determination is based on cellular mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity, measured by MTT reduction and conversion into a blue formazan salt that is quantitatively measured after extraction from tissues. The reduction of cell viability in treated tissues is compared to negative controls and expressed as a %. If the resulting mean relative viability (as adjusted for intrinsic colour) is less than or equal to 50% of the negative control, the test substance is considered to be irritant to skin.

 

Following a 15-minute exposure to the test substance, the test system skin cell viability was calculated to be greater than 50% (the average was 82% and the range was 74 -88%), and it was therefore considered to be non-irritating to skin.

 

Under the conditions of this assay, dihydrogen hexahydroxyplatinate does not require classification for skin irritation according to EU CLP criteria (EC 1272/2008).