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EC number: 943-552-6 | CAS number: 91844-92-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) oil is a Natural Complex Substance (NCS). With 97.2 % of the constituents of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) oil known, this NCS can be considered as a well defined NCS. The main constituent is citral. The remaining constituents are monoterpenes and terpenoid alcohols, aldehydes and their esters, as well as cyclic monoterpenes and alcohols. If the constituents of the NCS are readily biodegradable, the NCS itself is readily biodegradable as well.
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- other: data from several RIFM member companies
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 010
- Reference Type:
- other: MITI database
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 010
- Reference Type:
- other: estimation method
- Title:
- BIOWIN v4.10
- Author:
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- Year:
- 2 008
- Bibliographic source:
- US EPA. [2008]. Estimation Programs Interface Suite™ for Microsoft® Windows, v 4.00. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
- Reference Type:
- other: Estimation program
- Title:
- EAWAG Biocatalysis/Biodegradation Database
- Author:
- EAWAG-BBD
- Year:
- 2 014
- Bibliographic source:
- http://eawag-bbd.ethz.ch/predict/
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Aerobic biodegradation of selected monoterpenes
- Author:
- Misra, G.; Pavlostathis, S.G.; Perdue, E.M.; Araujo, R.
- Year:
- 1 996
- Bibliographic source:
- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (1996), 45(6), 831-838
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Persistency assessment and aerobic biodegradation of selected cyclic sesquiterpenes present in essential oils
- Author:
- Jenner KJ, Kreutzer G, Racine P
- Year:
- 2 011
- Bibliographic source:
- Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol. 30, No. 5, pp. 1096–1108, 2011
- Reference Type:
- secondary source
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 007
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- The application of inorganic carbon measurements to the study of aerobic biodegradability
- Author:
- Birch & Fletcher
- Year:
- 1 991
- Bibliographic source:
- Chemosphere 23(4): 507-524
- Reference Type:
- other: ECHA database
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 014
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Assessment of the Ready biodegradability of the known constituents; In the constituent approach (See Statement NCS protocol) for this purpose the NCS is considered as a mixture. For classification and labelling of the NCS, a summation approach is applied as described for mixtures in CLP (i.e. aquatic chronic classification if the sum of the percentages of constituents that are not rapidly degraded is ≥ 25%). From there it may be concluded, vice versa, that if ≥ 75% of sum of the percentage of the constituents is readily biodegradable, the NCS as a whole may be classified as readily biodegradable.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Cymbopogon flexuosus, ext.
- IUPAC Name:
- Cymbopogon flexuosus, ext.
- Reference substance name:
- Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) oil
- IUPAC Name:
- Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) oil
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Results and discussion
- Details on results:
- Details for all constituents are summarised in window "Any other information on results" and in attached document
Any other information on results incl. tables
Assessment of the biodegradability of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) oil:
A total of 93.9% of the typical composition is considered to be readily biodegradable. The remaining constituents are also biodegradable within a relatively short time. Thus the Natural Complex substance is considered to be a readily biodegradable substance, see underlying data in table below.
Constituent |
Results of biodegradation assessment |
|
Citral (Neral + Geranial) CAS# 5392-40-5 |
READILY BIODEGRADABLE: - Modified 301B - MITI (I) / OECD 301C Direct analysis |
|
Geranial CAS# 96680 -15-8 |
READILY BIODEGRADABLE: (isomer of Citral) Citral is READILY BIODEGRADABLE: - Modified 301B - MITI (I) / OECD 301C - Direct analysis |
|
Nerol CAS# 106-25-2 |
READILY BIODEGRADABLE: - OECD 301F - OECD 301B |
|
Citronellol CAS# 106-22-9 C10H20O |
READILY BIODEGRADABLE: - OECD 301C |
|
Citronellal CAS#106-23-0 |
READILY BIODEGRADABLE: - OECD 301F |
|
Citronellyl acetate CAS# 150-84-5 |
Expected to be READILY BIODEGRADABLE
|
|
Acetylated myrcene (CAS 68412-04-4) |
Analogue to support ready biodegradability of Citronellyl acetate |
|
Geraniol CAS# 106-24-1 C10H18O |
READILY BIODEGRADABLE: - Modified OECD 301B - OECD 301F - OECD 301F - OECD 301F - OECD 301F - OECD 301D http://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/doc/IUCLID /data_sheets/106241.pdf |
|
Geranyl acetate CAS# 105-87-3 |
READILY BIODEGRABLE: - OECD 301D - OECD 301D - Modified OECD 301B - OECD 301F |
|
Nonanone CAS# 4485-09-0 C9H18O |
Expected to be READILY BIODEGRADABLE
|
|
Isogeranial CAS#72203-98-6 |
Expected to be READILY BIODEGRADABLE |
|
Linalool CAS# 78-70-6 C10H18O
|
READILY BIODEGRADABLE: - OECD 301C - OECD Modified 301B - MITI (I) / OECD 301C Direct analysis: TOC & GC |
|
Methyl Heptenone CAS# 110-93-0 |
READILY BIODEGRADABLE:
|
|
b-Myrcene CAS#123-35-3 |
READILY BIODEGRADABLE: Direct analysis: TOC & GC |
|
Ocimene (cis & trans) CAS# 3338-55-4 |
Expected to be READILY BIODEGRADABLE:
|
|
Limonene (D and L) CAS# 138-86-3 |
READILY BIODEGRADABLE: - MITI (I) / OECD 301C |
|
Terpinolene CAS# 586-62-9 |
READILY BIODEGRADABLE: - OECD 301F |
|
Terpineol (alpha&beta&gamma) CAS# 8000-41-7 |
READILY BIODEGRADABLE: - OECD 310 |
|
Eugenol CAS#97-53-0 |
READILY BIODEGRADABLE: EU-C.4-E OECD 301B OECD 301F |
|
d-Cadinene CAS# 483-76-1 C15H24 |
Biodegradable in prolonged test but Not readily biodegradable d-Cadinene: OECD 301F |
|
a-Pinene CAS#80-56-8 |
READILY BIODEGRADABLE: - OECD301B |
|
Camphene CAS# 79-92-5 |
Inherently biodegradable - OECD 302C |
|
Borneol CAS# 507-70-0 |
READILY BIODEGGRADABLE - OECD 301F |
|
b-Caryophyllene CAS#87-44-5 C15H24 |
READILY BIODEGRADABLE: - OECD 301F |
|
b-Caryophyllene oxide CAS# 1139-30-6 C15H24O |
Expected to be READILY BIODEGRADABLE
|
|
Bergamottene CAS# 6895-56-3 C15H24 |
Expected to be INHERENTLY BIODEGRADABLE |
|
Total 97.2% |
|
The complete assessment document is added attached to this study record.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) oil is considered as readily biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) oil is a Natural Complex Substance (NCS) for which 97.2% of the constituents is identified. The constituents are mainly citral, monoterpenes and terpenoid alcohols, aldehydes and their esters, as well as cyclic monoterpenes and alcohols. As no valid empirical results from a test for the ready biodegradation of this NCS are available, the assessment is based on its constituents (maximum in composition at or above 0.1%). The assumption is that if the constituents of the NCS are readily biodegradable, the NCS itself is readily biodegradable as well.
Three out of the 24 identified constituents, comprising 3.31% of the typical composition, are not readily biodegradable, but they are inherently and/or primary biodegradable within a relatively short time. The remaining 21 constituents, representing 93.9% of the typical composition, are considered to be readily biodegradable. Therefore, Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) oil is considered to be readily biodegradable
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