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EC number: 619-020-1 | CAS number: 94361-06-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 23 Jan1996 to 13 Feb 1996
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- unsuitable test system
- Remarks:
- No guideline followed; not in accordance with GLP; not specified the position of the radiolabel
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- 14C-labelled test substance exposed to pure bacterial and fungal cultures and to activated sludge was investigated under aerobic static conditions for 21 days in the dark.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- a) Arthrobacter sp. DSM 20407
b) Phanerochaete chrysosporium DSM 1556
c) Activated sludge from the aeration tank of a biological waste water treatment plant, not adapted, not pre-conditioned - Duration of test (contact time):
- 21 d
- Initial conc.:
- 0.28 mg/L
- Based on:
- act. ingr.
- Remarks:
- in the presence of 2000 mg/I toluene
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- radiochem. meas.
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITION
- Concentration
Pure cultures: 1 % inoculum from a pregrown culture
Activated sludge: 0.1 g/L dry matter in the final mixture
- Additional substrate: To half of the tubes 4-CL benzoate was added to serve as a potential enzyme inducer
- Source
Pure cultures: Lyophylisate from DSM, D-37073 Göttingen. Germany
Activated sludge: ARA Werdhölzli, CH-8048 Zürich (23.01.96; 8.30 a.m.)
- Illumination: Temperature-controlled dark room
- Temperature: 22 ± 0.5 °C
TEST SYSTEM
- Test unit: 125 mL closed glass bottle containing a total volume of test solution of 10 mL
- Test media: Prepared as indicated in Table 1 in 'Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables' with double distilled water (conductivity: < 1.5 μSi/cm; DOC: < 0.3 mg/L)
TEST PROCEDURE
- Handling: A glass tube containing 2 mL of 2 M KOH was placed within each serum bottle to trap potentially released CO2. The test bottles were incubated for 21 days in the dark and shaken carefully once a day to resuspend the sedimented microorganisms into the test medium. In a pretest it was assured by GC analysis that the headspace in the culture bottles contained enough oxygen for the used inocula during the whole test period.
The following additional test controls were investigated together with the test series:
a) Positive control with microorganisms in the presence of the same amount of toluene (20 μL/10 mL of final test volume) as added together with the radioactive test substance but without test substance
b) Blank with test substance/toluene but without microorganisms
c) Toxicity control with microorganisms and non-radioactive substance/toluene to check a potential toxicity of the test substance on the microorganisms - Reference substance:
- other: No reference substance
- Test performance:
- All 3 examined microbial inoculum showed normal growth as confirmed by the positive and toxicity controls.
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (radiochem. meas.)
- Value:
- 0.7
- Sampling time:
- 21 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Activated sludge as microbial inoculum condition
- Details on results:
- Based on the data of the individual [14C] determinations a significant but low transformation of the test substance between 0.5 and 0.7 % of the initially added labelled test substance was observed only in the replicates which contained activated sludge as microbial inoculum. In all other replicates with the pure bacterial and fungal inoculum no significant release of [14CO2] was observed whereas the measured figures of 50 - 60 dpm were background values resulting from the addition of KOH into the scintillation cocktail.
All 3 examined microbial inoculum showed normal growth as confirmed by the positive and toxicity controls. No abiotic release of [14] into the KOH was observed as confirmed by the 2 blanks. Unexpectedly, no transformation activity was found with the white rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium which exhibits an especially wide range degradation capability for recalcitrant compounds. In none of the tested biological systems 4-chlorobenzoate could serve as a potential enzyme inducer. Moreover, in the 2 replicates which contained 4-chlorobenzoate as a potential enzyme inducer an about 40 % lower transformation activity (e.g. [14CO2]-release) was found. - Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- no
- Remarks:
- Not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- not readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Test substance does not appear to be readily biodegradable under the test conditions.
- Executive summary:
The biological degradability of the 14C-labelled test substance exposed to pure bacterial and fungal cultures and to activated sludge was investigated under aerobic static conditions. The concentration of the test substance utilized in the test medium was 0.28 mg substance/L in the presence of 2 g/L toluene. The following additional test controls were investigated together with the test series:
1. Positive control with microorganisms and toluene but without test substance
2. Blank (abiotic) with test substance/toluene but without microorganisms.
3. Toxicity control with microorganisms and non-radioactive substance/toluene.
125mL gas-tight serum bottles (with 10 mL test suspension) were incubated for 21 days in the dark at 22 ± 0.5 °C. The incubation vessel was shaken carefully once a day to resuspend the sedimented microorganisms into the test medium. At the end of the incubation period the remaining radioactivity of the individual test suspensions as well as that released as 14CO2 and trapped in KOH solutions were determined using liquid scintillation counting.
The results showed that significant but low transformation of the test substance (0.5- 0.7 % of the initial level) was observed only in the replicates which contained activated sludge as microbial inoculum. In all other replicates with the pure bacterial and fungal inocula, no significant release of [14CO2] was observed. All 3 examined microbial inocula showed normal growth and no abiotic release of [14C] into the KOH. No transformation activity was found with the white rot fungi, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, which exhibits an especially wide range degradation capability for recalcitrant compounds. 4-chlorobenzoate could not serve as a potential enzyme inducer in any of the tested biological systems. Based on the findings, it was concluded that under the test conditions employed, the test substance does not appear to be readily biodegradable.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- Supplementary estimation of ready biodegradability using BIOWIN v4.10
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- BIOWIN v4.10 prediction for readily biodegradation.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Parameter:
- probability of ready biodegradability (QSAR/QSPR)
- Remarks:
- Biowin2 (Non-Linear Model)
- Value:
- 0.008
- Remarks on result:
- not readily biodegradable based on QSAR/QSPR prediction
- Parameter:
- probability of ready biodegradability (QSAR/QSPR)
- Remarks:
- Biowin1 (Linear Model)
- Value:
- 0.242
- Remarks on result:
- not readily biodegradable based on QSAR/QSPR prediction
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 2. Test set up and [14C] at the end of the test in the individual test suspensions and in the corresponding KOH trapping solution.
No |
Test unit |
Inoculum |
4-CI- benzoate |
[14C] dpm a) test susp. |
[14] dpm a) KOH |
1 |
1. replicate |
Arthrobacter sp. |
+ |
76278 |
54 |
2 |
2. replicate |
Arthrobacter sp. |
+ |
85870 |
57 |
3 |
1. replicate |
Activated sludge |
+ |
76535 |
351 |
4 |
2. replicate |
Activated sludge |
+ |
74983 |
378 |
5 |
1. replicate |
Arthrobacter so. |
- |
82829 |
49 |
6 |
2. replicate |
Arthrobacter so. |
- |
84798 |
52 |
7 |
1. replicate |
Activated sludge |
- |
125271 |
643 |
8 |
2. replicate |
Activated sludge |
- |
79839 |
514 |
9 |
1. replicate |
Ph. chrysosporium |
+ |
67882 |
54 |
10 |
2. replicate |
Ph. chrysosporium |
+ |
80509 |
86 |
11 |
1. replicate |
Ph. chrysosporium |
+ |
79967 |
57 |
12
|
2. replicate |
Ph. chrysosporium |
+ |
79099 |
61 |
13 |
1. replicate |
Ph. chrysosporium |
- |
84387 |
63 |
14 |
2. replicate |
Ph. chrysosporium |
- |
83450 |
60 |
15 |
1. replicate |
Ph. chrysosporium |
- |
83833 |
49 |
16 |
2. replicate |
Ph. chrysosporium |
- |
79877 |
172 |
17 |
Positive control b) |
Arthrobacter sp. |
+ |
17 |
61 |
18 |
Positive control b) |
Arthrobacter sp. |
+ |
15 |
48 |
19 |
Positive control b) |
Ph. chrysosporium |
+ |
16 |
45 |
20 |
Blank |
- |
- |
86922 |
41 |
21 |
Blank |
- |
- |
75546 |
42 |
22 |
Toxicity control l. repl. |
Ph. chrysosporium |
- |
15 |
61 |
23 |
Toxicity control 2. repl. |
Ph. chrysosporium |
- |
16 |
51 |
a) dpm = desintegrations per minute
b) Contained no test substance
Endpoint |
Result |
Biowin1 (Linear Model Prediction) |
Does Not Biodegrade Fast |
Biowin2 (Non-Linear Model Prediction) |
Does Not Biodegrade Fast |
Biowin3 (Ultimate Biodegradation Timeframe) |
Months |
Biowin4 (Primary Biodegradation Timeframe) |
Weeks |
Biowin5 (MITI Linear Model Prediction) |
Does Not Biodegrade Fast |
Biowin6 (MITI Non-Linear Model Prediction) |
Does Not Biodegrade Fast |
Biowin7 (Anaerobic Model Prediction) |
Does Not Biodegrade Fast |
Ready Biodegradability Prediction |
NO |
The full results report is attached to this IUCLID record
Description of key information
The substance is treated to be not readily biodegradable as the worst case.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- not biodegradable
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
A key study for readily biodegradability is waived and the substance is treated to be not readily biodegradable as the worst case. This is supported by the available study (Scholtz 1996, Reliability 3), that was not performed according to guidelines or GLP criteria. In addition, the conclusion of non-ready biodegradability is also supported by the results of QSAR models (BIOWIN). Both BIOWIN 1 (= 0.2423, Linear model) and BIOWIN 2 (= 0.0076, Non-linear model) showed values less than the cut-off point (0.5). Thus, the substance is not readily biodegradable according to ECHA Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.7b: Endpoint specific guidance (Version 4.0 June 2017).
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