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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 601-791-0 | CAS number: 12158-37-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Bioaccumulation: aquatic / sediment
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 28 day exposure
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Justification for type of information:
- Published research covering Chromium VI salts.
It shoud be noted that although the exposure was to Cr VI, other references are made to research showing bioavailability to Cr VI being greater than Cr III. Therefore, this is considered to be a good surrogate to demonstrate the low rates of accumulation in fish under laboratory conditions.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 016
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 305 (Bioconcentration: Flow-through Fish Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Although test conducted 2015, this guideline best reflects the methods used.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- Research study
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Potassium dichromate
- EC Number:
- 231-906-6
- EC Name:
- Potassium dichromate
- Cas Number:
- 7778-50-9
- Molecular formula:
- Cr2H2O7.2K
- IUPAC Name:
- Potassium dichromate
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Analytical grade
- Radiolabelling:
- no
Sampling and analysis
- Details on sampling:
These were filtered and stored at -20°C prior to analysis the chromium concentration in water by ICP methods
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation of test solutions, spiked fish food or sediment:
- Stock solution was delivered to five test aquariums via automatic pipettes.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Oreochromis aureus
- Details on test organisms:
- Wild caught juvenile
Study design
- Route of exposure:
- aqueous
- Justification for method:
- aqueous exposure method used for following reason: Research performed at limit of toxicity
- Test type:
- flow-through
- Water / sediment media type:
- natural water: freshwater
- Total exposure / uptake duration:
- d
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- ca 130 mg/l CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- Species ideally maintained 25 C
- pH:
- Ca 7.5
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Aerated throughout to maintain saturation
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Cr VI+ as 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 ug/L
The highest concentration demonstrated a toxicity limit with reduced survival (ca 50%) - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
Results and discussion
Lipid content
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
Bioaccumulation factoropen allclose all
- Conc. / dose:
- 10 µg/L
- Temp.:
- ca. 25 °C
- pH:
- 7.5
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- ca. 125 dimensionless
- Basis:
- edible fraction
- Calculation basis:
- other: Direct analysis
- Conc. / dose:
- 15 µg/L
- Temp.:
- ca. 25 °C
- pH:
- 7.5
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- ca. 160 dimensionless
- Basis:
- edible fraction
- Time of plateau:
- 28 d
- Calculation basis:
- other: Direct analysis
- Conc. / dose:
- 20 µg/L
- Temp.:
- ca. 25 °C
- pH:
- 7.5
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- ca. 450 dimensionless
- Basis:
- edible fraction
- Time of plateau:
- 28 d
- Calculation basis:
- other: Direct analysis
- Conc. / dose:
- 25 µg/L
- Temp.:
- ca. 25 °C
- pH:
- 7.5
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- ca. 430 dimensionless
- Basis:
- edible fraction
- Time of plateau:
- 28 d
- Calculation basis:
- other: direct analysis
Depuration
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
Rate constants
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Metabolites:
- Not identified
Any other information on results incl. tables
The study relied on measuring tissues taken at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days.
The mesurements in the table below are extracted direcrtly from the publication and show a reduced rate of accumulation at the end of the 28 day exposure. The top concentration resulted in ca 50% mortality.
Chromium Conc. (Cr6+mg /L) in water | Maximum level Chromium indifferentTissuesin exposure days (d) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7thday | 14thday | 21thday | 28thday | |||||||||
G | S | M | G | S | M | G | S | M | G | S | M | |
Control(0) | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.007 | 0.006 | 0.005 |
10 | 1.15 | 0.91 | 0. 4 | 3.20 | 1.38 | 0.75 | 4.20 | 2.25 | 0.95 | 3.06 | 2.72 | 1.25 |
15 | 3.71 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 6.50 | 2.85 | 1.45 | 6.54 | 3.25 | 1.75 | 7.95 | 4.91 | 2.43 |
20 | 4.77 | 2.1 | 1.2 | 9.35 | 4.45 | 2.20 | 33.45 | 18.20 | 8.64 | 37.41 | 19.1 | 9.03 |
25 | 9.85 | 4.2 | 2.5 | 15.95 | 9.10 | 4.31 | 37.85 | 18.75 | 9.55 | 40.61 | 22.5 | 10.81 |
30 | 11.25 | 6.4 | 3.29 | 23.75 | 13.25 | 6.45 | 41.56 | 22.10 | 10.31 | 44.83 | 25.3 | 12.25 |
G= gill, S= skin and M=muscle |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- Although concentration of the metal were higher in the fish at the end of exposure, the results suggest that a plateau was being reached after about 28 days with toxicity at the highest treatment level. It is considered that Cr III will accumulate at a lower level in view of lower bioavailability.
Other research has been conducted on organisms other than fish a review of Chromium by the UK Marine Conservation body (SAC) reports similar BCF and concludes:
Hunt and Hedgecott (1992) reported some information on the bioaccumulation of Cr IV. Laboratory experiments on annelids, crustaceans and molluscs have resulted in bioconcentration factors (BCFs) in the range 158 to 596 for annelids and 383 to 620 (based on dry weights) for molluscs and crustaceans in the laboratory. Much lower BCFs have been calculated in the field: 0.46 to 15 for annelids and <1 for molluscs and crustaceans. These BCFs indicate that chromium is not expected to bioaccumulate under field conditions.
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