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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 407-410-2 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1.47 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 75
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 110.2 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- No long-term study on inhalation is available. Thus route-to-route extrapolation has been performed. No data are available that would indicate a specific concern for the inhalation route that would invalidate this approach.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- Difference in duration subacute to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Not applicable (accounted for by respiratory volumes)
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default for remaining interspecies differences
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default for worker
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.42 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 300
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 125 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- No dermal long-term study is available. Thus route-to-route extrapolation has been performed. No data are available that would indicate a specific concern for the dermal route that would invalidate this approach.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- Difference in duration subacute to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default (rat)
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default for remaining interspecies differences
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default (worker)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - workers
Repeated dose toxicity/systemic effects:
The basis for deriving systemic long-term DNELs is a 28 day oral toxicity study in Wistar rats (Schladt, 1991).
Adverse effects were reported for body weight gain in the 625 mg/kg bw male dose group. In the 625 mg/kg bw dose group significant haematological effects were observed, and increased liver weights together with hypertrophy of hepatocytes were noted for both female and male rats.
The NOAEL is 125 mg/kg/d.
No data are available that would indicate a specific concern for the inhalation and dermal route. Thus, route-to-route extrapolation is justified. ECHA guidance values were used to account for possible differences in route-specific absorption rates (dermal = oral and inhalation = 200 % oral).
The test item is considered not to exhibit any sensitising properties according to a guideline-compliant study under GLP in guinea pigs (Diesing, 1991).
Acute toxicity/local effects:
According to ECHA guidance there is no established accepted methodology to derive no-effect-levels for acute toxicity. Under these prerequisites derivation of acute DNELs is considered not only to be cumbersome and resource-intensive but probably unnecessary, as the long-term DNEL is normally sufficient to safeguard against any acute effects. It is proposed that a DNEL for acute toxicity should be derived only if an acute toxicity hazard (leading to C&L) is identified and there is a potential for high peak exposures. However, the test item is not classified for acute toxicity based on LD50 > 2000 mg/kg for the oral and dermal route (Bomhard, 1990/1991).
Data on skin irritation/corrosion and eye irritation in vivo suggest a low hazard potential with regard to local effects (Märtins, 1991).
Overall, a low hazard potential is concluded for the test item.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.36 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 150
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 54.35 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- No long-term study on inhalation is available. Thus route-to-route extrapolation has been performed. No data are available that would indicate a specific concern for the inhalation route that would invalidate this approach.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- Difference in duration subacute to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Not applicable (accounted for by respiratory volumes)
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default for remaining interspecies differences
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default for general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.21 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 600
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 125 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- No dermal long-term study is available. Thus route-to-route extrapolation has been performed. No data are available that would indicate a specific concern for the dermal route that would invalidate this approach.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- Difference in duration subacute to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default (rat)
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default for remaining interspecies differences
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default for general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
Repeated dose toxicity/systemic effects:
The basis for deriving systemic long-term DNELs is a 28 day oral toxicity study in Wistar rats (Schladt, 1991).
Adverse effects were reported for body weight gain in the 625 mg/kg bw male dose group. In the 625 mg/kg bw dose group significant haematological effects were observed, and increased liver weights together with hypertrophy of hepatocytes were noted for both female and male rats.
The NOAEL is 125 mg/kg/d.
No data are available that would indicate a specific concern for the inhalation and dermal route. Thus, route-to-route extrapolation is justified. ECHA guidance values were used to account for possible differences in route-specific absorption rates (dermal = oral and inhalation = 200 % oral).
The test item is considered not to exhibit any sensitising properties according to a guideline-compliant study under GLP in guinea pigs (Diesing, 1991).
Acute toxicity/local effects:
According to ECHA guidance there is no established accepted methodology to derive no-effect-levels for acute toxicity. Under these prerequisites derivation of acute DNELs is considered not only to be cumbersome and resource-intensive but probably unnecessary, as the long-term DNEL is normally sufficient to safeguard against any acute effects. It is proposed that a DNEL for acute toxicity should be derived only if an acute toxicity hazard (leading to C&L) is identified and there is a potential for high peak exposures. However, the test item is not classified for acute toxicity based on LD50 > 2000 mg/kg for the oral and dermal route (Bomhard, 1990/1991).
Data on skin irritation/corrosion and eye irritation in vivo suggest a low hazard potential with regard to local effects (Märtins, 1991).
Overall, a low hazard potential is concluded for the test item.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.