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EC number: 269-929-9 | CAS number: 68391-11-7 The complex combination of polyalkylated pyridines derived from coal tar distillation or as high-boiling distillates approximately above 150°C (302°F) from the reaction of ammonia with acetaldehyde, formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 38 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- By inhalation
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 10
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 380 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- The NOAEC long-term, inhalation was 380 mg/m3, determined in a sub-chronic repeated dose toxicity study (see IUCLID section 7.5.2).
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default with NOAEL value as starting point.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Extrapolation from sub-acute to chronic.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Not applicable.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- No indication of toxicokinetic or toxicodynamic differences between species.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default value for workers.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Good quality data base.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No uncertainties remaining.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.25 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 120
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 30 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- A NOAEL long-term, dermal of 30 mg/kg bw/day (see IUCLID section 7.5.1) was calculated from a NOEL long-term, oral of 30 mg/kg bw/day, assuming 100 % resorption through the skin.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default with NOEC value as starting point.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- Extrapolation from sub-acute to chronic.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default allometric scaling factor (rat)
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- No indication of toxicokinetic or toxicodynamic differences between species.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default value for workers.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Good quality data base.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No uncertainties remaining.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
DNEL derivation for the test item was limited to long-term DNELs, as peak exposures are not expected. Further, only systemic effects were considered, as available data on local effects does not allow derivation of local DNELs. Instead a quantitative risk assessment was carried out for local effects following potential exposure.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 19 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- By inhalation
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 20
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 380 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- The NOAEC long-term, inhalation was 380 mg/m3, determined in a sub-chronic repeated dose toxicity study (see IUCLID section 7.5.2).
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default with NOAEL value as starting point.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Extrapolation from sub-acute to chronic.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Not applicable.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- No indication of toxicokinetic or toxicodynamic differences between species.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default value for the general public.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Good quality data base.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No uncertainties remaining
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.125 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 240
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 30 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- A NOAEL long-term, dermal of 30 mg/kg bw/day was calculated from a NOAEL long-term, oral of 30 mg/kg bw/day (see IUCLID section 7.5.1).
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default with NOAEL value as starting point.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- Extrapolation from sub-acute to chronic.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default allometric scaling factor (rat).
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- No indication of toxicokinetic or toxicodynamic differences between species.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default value for the general public.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Good quality data base.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No uncertainties remaining.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.125 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 240
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 30 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- The NOAEL long-term, oral was 30 mg/kg bw/day, determined in a repeated dose toxicity oral study (see IUCLID section 7.5.1).
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default with NOAEL value as starting point.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- Extrapolation from sub-acute to chronic.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default allometric scaling factor (rat).
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- No indication of toxicokinetic or toxicodynamic differences between species.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default value for the general public.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Good quality data base.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No uncertainties remaining.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - General Population
DNEL derivation for the test item was limited to long-term DNELs, as peak exposures are not expected. Further, only systemic effects were considered, as available data on local effects does not allow derivation of local DNELs. Instead a quantitative risk assessment was carried out for local effects following potential exposure.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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