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EC number: 213-701-3 | CAS number: 1003-14-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Carcinogenicity
Administrative data
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Justification for classification or non-classification
According to Annex I of the Directive 67/548/EEC, 1,2 -butennoxide is classified as carcinogen category 3 and labeled with R40. According to Annex VI of the Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 (CLP) it is classified as carciongen category 2 and labeled with H341.
Since 1,2 -Butenoxide was used as read-across for n-Pentenoxide-1,2, n-Pentenoxide-1,2 will also be classified as carcinogen category 3 and labeled with R40 (according to the Directive 67/548/EEC), or carciongen category 2 and labeled with H341 (according to Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 (CLP)).
Additional information
Justification for read-across to 1,2 -Butenoxide:
No data evaluating the carcinogenic potential of n-Pentenoxide-1,2 are available. However, a read-across to 1,2-Butenoxide, another member of the epoxide family can be made. The only structural difference between n-Pentenoxid-1,2 and 1,2-Butenoxide is the presence of an additional CH2-group in n-Pentenoxide-1,2. The chemical characteristics between these two substances are quite similar, with 1,2 -Butenoxide being more soluble in water (86.6 g/L vs 23 g/L water solubility), less lipophilic (log Pow=0.68 vs 1.29) and exhibiting a higher vapor pressure (227 hPa vs 70 hPa) as compared with n-Pentenoxide-1,2. It has been shown that the toxicities of epoxides decrease from ethylenoxide to propylenoxide to 1,2 -Butanoxide, suggesting that the toxicity of this reactive group of epoxide chemicals decreases with increasing length of the carbon backbone (Fox et al, 1983; NTP report No 267, 1985). In line with this assumption, the oral LD50 of 1,2-Butenoxide is smaller (900 mg/kg) as compared with n-Pentenoxide-1,2 (1460 mg/kg), further supporting the validity of a read-across from n-Pentenoxide-1,2 to 1,2-Butenoxide, taking into account that this will represent a worst case scenario.
NTP (1988) reported a toxicity and carcinogenity study in male and female rats applying vapor concentrations (whole body exposure) of 200 and 400 ppm 1,2-Butenoxide. The study duration was 103 weeks; the frequency of treatment was 6 hours per day and 5 days per week. With respect to the benign nasal tumours observed in this study, these showed no sign of progression to malignancy and must be seen against the background of extensive non-neoplastic lesions at this dose level (400 ppm). These tumours are likely to be a direct consequence of the irritant properties of 1,2 -Butenoxide leading to stimulation of cell proliferation. It is therefore highly unlikely that these tumours occur at dose levels which do not produce chronic tissue irritation. A small but statistically significant incidence of lung tumours (carcinomas and adenomas combined) was confined to the male rat and to the top dose level of 400 ppm. These tumours occurred late in the study and showed no evidence of metastasis. The increase in malignant lung tumours alone was not statistically significant. It required the combination of benign and malignant tumours to obtain the statistical significance to enable NTP to classify 1,2 -Butenoxide as "clear evidence of carcinogenic activity". Furthermore, one could question whether a practical maximum Tolerated Dose was exceeded in the NTP study in view of the significant upper respiratory tract irritation. NTP categorized the results obtained with female rats as "equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity", demonstrated by studies that are interpreted as showing a marginal increase of neoplasms that may be chemically related. Two high dose (400 ppm) females developed benign nasal cavity tumours and 1 female developed a benign alveolar/bronchiolar tumour. On the other hand, one female control developed a malignant alveolar/bronciolar tumour. On this basis it is highly questionable as to whether or not the treated females could be considered to "show a marginal increase of neoplasms that may be chemically related".
Male and female mice did not show tumours in any organ at either dose level (50 and 100 ppm) in a 102-week inhalation vapor study (whole body), in which animals were treated for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week (NTP, 1988).
These results show that 1,2 -Butenoxide only possesses a species-specific potential to induce cancer at local sites of contact. The toxicities for epoxydes were described to decrease with increasing carbon backbone chain length (Fox et al, 1983, NTP 1985); hence, classification of n-Pentenoxide-1,2 as cancer category 2 according to Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 (CLP) describes a worst case scenario.
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