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EC number: 213-701-3 | CAS number: 1003-14-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 7.2 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- carcinogenicity
- Route of original study:
- By inhalation
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: see discussion (OEL of 2 ppm)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 7.2 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- carcinogenicity
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: see discussion (OEL of 2 ppm)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no-threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no-threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no-threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no-threshold effect and/or no dose-response information available
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
Justification for read-across to propylene oxide:
A study determining the effect of n-Pentenoxide-1,2 following repeated inhalation is not available. However, a read-across to propylene oxide (CAS: 75-56-9), another member of the epoxide family, can be made, for which a OEL (occupational exposure level) value exists(see below). The same threshold level is also established for Butenoxide-1,2. The only structural difference between n-Pentenoxid-1,2 and propylene oxide is the presence of two additional CH2-groups in n-Pentenoxide-1,2. The chemical characteristics between these two substances are quite similar, with propylene oxide being more soluble in water (425 g/L vs. 23 g/L water solubility) and less lipophilic (log Pow=0.055 vs. 1.29) and exhibiting a higher vapor pressure (740 hPa vs 70 hPa) as compared with n-Pentenoxide-1,2. It has been shown that the toxicities of epoxides decrease from ethylene oxide to propylene oxide to 1,2-Butenoxide, suggesting that the toxicity of this reactive group of epoxide chemicals decreases with increasing length of the carbon backbone (Fox et al, 1983; NTP report No 267, 1985). In line with this assumption, the oral LD50 and inhalation LC50 of propylene oxide is smaller (382 mg/kg and 9.95 mg/L, respectively) as compared with n-Pentenoxide-1,2 (1460 mg/kg and > 10.6 < 21.3 mg/, respectively), further supporting the validity of a read-across from n-Pentenoxide-1,2 to propylene oxide, taking into account that this will represent a worst case scenario.
DNEL for workers, long-term inhalation (local effects are critical):
The primary aspect to be considered in deriving safe long-term exposure levels for propylene oxide is its local carcinogenicity with the nasal epithelium as primary target, which is well established experimentally in rats and mice. There are no reports of carcinogenicity of propylene oxide from studies in humans.
A number of worker exposure levels are published for propylene oxide. In Europe, published country OEL (occupational exposure level) values range from 1-50 mg/m3 (0.4-20 ppm) with the majority of values set at 4.8 mg/m3 (2 ppm). The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) also has set a TLV of 2 ppm for propylene oxide based on local respiratory tract findings (ACGIH, 2001). The toxicity database available for propylene oxide demonstrates that worker exposure levels of about 2 ppm are adequately protective for respiratory effects. Sweeney et al. (2009) performed dose-response assessments of the rodent toxicity studies and concluded point of departure values for nasal tumors of 53 ppm (128 mg/m3) for mice and 66 ppm (159 mg/m3) for rats, representing the LED10 (lowest calculated dose of the chemical that is expected to increase the cancer rate by 10%) for continuous lifetime exposures (24 hr/day; 7 day/week; 70 years). These values are well above present worker exposure levels of about 2 ppm (margins of exposure of 25-30), with additional margins of exposure of around 3-fold from translating a continuous lifetime exposure scenario back to a working lifetime exposure scenario, as recommended by ECETOC (2010).
Taken together, based on available OEL values and assessments of the propylene toxicity database, 4.8 mg/m3 (2 ppm) is proposed as the local long-term inhalation DNEL for workers. A separate systemic long-term inhalation DNEL was not derived as the local long-term DNEL was considered protective of systemic toxicity. Considering that the toxicity of n-Pentenoxide-1,2 is lower as compared with propylene oxide, using this threshold level as no-effect-level describes a worst-case scenario and will hence adequately cover a potential risk of n-Pentenoxide-1,2 for the workers' safety. Thus, the systemic long-term no-effect level of n-Pentenoxide-1,2 is 2 ppm or 7.2 mg/m3.
Worker DNEL Long term-inhalation, local effects – 7.2 mg/m3
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - General Population
No DNEL/DMEL is proposed for the general population, since the use of the substane is not foreseen in consumer products.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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