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EC number: 231-869-6 | CAS number: 7773-01-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Meets generally accepted scientific standards, well documented and acceptable for assessment.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Effects of Various Metals on Survival, Growth, Reproduction, and Metabolism of Daphnia magna.
- Author:
- Biesinger KE & Christensen GM
- Year:
- 1 972
- Bibliographic source:
- Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada.29:1691-1700.
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The toxicity of manganese chloride to Daphnia magna was evaluated on the basis of a 48- hr 50% lethal concentration (LC50).
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Manganese dichloride
- EC Number:
- 231-869-6
- EC Name:
- Manganese dichloride
- Cas Number:
- 7773-01-5
- Molecular formula:
- Cl2Mn
- IUPAC Name:
- manganese(2+) dichloride
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material: Manganese
- Molecular formula: MnCl2.4H2O
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: Analytical measurement in test containers were made at the time of addition of the test substance.
Test solutions
- Details on test solutions:
- American Chemical Society reagent-grade chemicals were used for the test(MnCl2.4H2O). Fresh stock solutions were prepared in lake water for each experiment.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Source: University of Michigan (Daphnia magna from a laboratory clone originally obtained from the university of Michigan were used)
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 12±12 hr old
- Feeding during test
- Food type: The food suspension was prepared by adding 0.5 g of powdered dried grass and 10 g of enriched trout-fry granules to 250 ml of Lake Superior water and mixing vigorously in a blender for 5 min. The suspension was then strained through #20 bolting cloth. The blender was rinsed with an additional 50 ml of lake water, and the rinse water was added to the suspension. In addition to the food mixture, the daphnids obtained some nutrients from bacteria, algae, and detritus in the water.
- Amount: 1 ml/ liter
- Frequency: Twice weekly for rearing and once weekly for testing.
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- Not reported
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 45, 300 µg/ liter (Mean) - See Table 1.
- Test temperature:
- Not reported
- pH:
- 7.74 (Mean) -See Table 1.
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Dissolved oxygen concentrations in test containers were near saturation at all times. At dawn, before the light comes on, the concentration was ~ 9 mg/ liter.
- Salinity:
- Not reported
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations - 5,000 & 10,000
Measured Concentrations - 4,800 & 9,400 (Mean). See Table 2. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Test chambers
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates):2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Lake Superior water
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: An automatically controlled 16-hr photoperiod was used.
- Light intensity: ~ 115 ft-c
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
Tests were run both with and without food additions as the food changed the toxicity values. Complete immobilisation or death was the endpoint.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
Results and discussion
Effect concentrations
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 9.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- other: as Mn2+
- Remarks on result:
- other: Without Food
- Details on results:
- Not reported
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Results were statistically evaluated with the method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon (1949) for establishing approximations of the 95% confidence limits for survival. The terminology recommended by Sprague (1969), lethal concentration(LC), was used for survival and, as given here, represents an interpolation from three or more partial-effect concentrations
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 3. Acute (48-hr) toxicities of various metal ions (µg/liter) to Daphnia magna in water.
|
Acute test: LC50 |
Chronic test: 16% reproductive impairment (with food) |
|
Metal ion |
Without food |
With food |
|
Manganese |
9800 |
- |
4100 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The 48-hr 50% lethal concentration(LC50) to Daphnia magna was 9.8 mg Mn/L without the addition of food.
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