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EC number: 609-256-3 | CAS number: 365400-11-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Additional information
Experimental studies are available investigating the short- and
long-term effects of the test item on aquatic organisms from three
different trophic levels. The studies were performed according to
internationally accepted guidelines in accordance with GLP. For all
trophic levels freshwater and marine studies are available.
The short-term toxicity fish was investigated using the freshwater fish
Oncorhynchus mykiss as well as Lepomis macrochirus (M-103513-02-2 and
M-103514-02-2). Both studies were performed according to OECD 203 as a
limit test with a concentration of 100 mg test item/L. No effects were
observed and a LC50 (96 h) of > 100 mg test item/L (nominal) was derived
in both studies. The study with the marine species Cyprinodon variegatus
(M-076735-01-1) was performed under comparable conditions to the
freshwater study (OECD 203, GLP). The test organism was exposed to 100
mg a.i./L. No mortality was recorded and a LC50 (96 h) of > 100 mg
a.i./L (nominal) was derived. In all studies the test substance was
shown to be stable by suitable analytical methods.
In order to assess the chronic toxicity of the test item to fish one
experimental study was performed according to OECD 210 (GLP) with the
freshwater fish Pimephales promelas (M-123221-01-1). Early life stages
of P. promelas were exposed under flow-through conditions to 0.63, 1.25,
2.50, 5.00 and 10.0 mg a.i./L. Hatching rates, sub-lethal symptoms, fry
survival and growth (length and wet and dry weight) were recorded. After
35 d of exposure (29 d post-hatch) an overall NOEC (35 d) of 0.58 mg
a.i./L (measured) was derived based on growth rate (length and weight).
The
short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was assessed in three
experimental studies. One was performed with the freshwater organism
Daphnia magna (M-103462-02-2). Two of the available studies were
performed with the marine species Crassostrea virginica (M-122204-01-1)
and Americamysis bahia (M-122206-01-1). The study with Daphnia magna was
performed according to OECD 202 (GLP) and exposed to a limit
concentration of 100 mg test item/L under static conditions. The
mobility of D. magna was not affected and an EC50 (48 h) of > 100 mg
test item/L (nominal) was derived. The key study with the marine species
Americamysis bahia was exposed to the nominal (mean measured)
concentrations of 0 (control). 0.10 (0.093), 0.20 (0.20), 0.40 (0.37),
0.80 (0.75), 1.6 (1.5), 3.2 (2.9), 6.4 (6.2) and 13 (12) mg a.i./L in
natural filtered seawater (pH at 7.9-8.0, salinity at 32‰) for a 96 hour
period. to the control. The LC50 (96 h) was determined by probit
analysis to be 1.1 mg a.i./L (95% confidence interval: 0.84 - 1.5 mg
a.i./L). The NOEC was determined to be 0.37 mg a.i./L. No mortality or
adverse effects were observed among mysids exposed. In the supporting
study the effects of the test item on shell deposition of Crassostrea
virginica was investigated for 96 h. It was performed according to EPA
OPPTS 850.1025 (GLP) and the shells were exposed to a limit
concentration of 100 mg a.i./L (nominal). After 96 h an EC50 of > 100 mg
a.i./L was derived. In conclusion it was shown that the marine species
(A. bahia) were more sensitive to the test item compared freshwater
results.
In a long-term study with Daphnia magna according to OECD 211 (GLP) the
test species were exposed to concentrations up to 50 mg a.i./L (nominal)
under semi-static conditions. The reproduction of Daphnids was inhibited
and a NOEC (21 d) of 25.5 mg a.i./L was derived based on arithmetic mean
measured concentrations.
The toxicity to aquatic algae was investigated in four experimental
studies (M-001513-01-1, M-062300-01-1, M-107701-01-1, M-122128-01-2).
Three studies were performed with freshwater organisms whereas one was
performed with a marine diatom species. The key study with the
freshwater species Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was performed
according to OECD 201 (GLP). P. subcapitata was exposed to five nominal
concentrations up to 100 mg a.i./L under static conditions for up to 96
h. The growth was inhibited allowing the derivation of a NOErC (96 h) of
6.4 mg a.i./L (measured) an ErC50 (96 h) of 29.8 mg a.i./L. In the
supporting study with Navicula pelliculosa which was performed according
to OECD 201 (GLP), an ErC50 (96 h) of 87.8 mg a.i./L and a NOErC (96 h)
of 51.4 mg a.i./L were derived. The third study with Anabaena flos-aquae
resulted in the same order of magnitude with an ErC50 (96 h) of 48.8 mg
a.i./L and a NOErC (96 h) of 40.1 mg a.i./L. The study with the marine
species Skeletonema costatum was performed according to OECD 201 (GLP).
Inhibition of growth was measured and an EC50 (72 h) of 15.7 mg a.i./L
and a NOEC (72 h) of 6.4 mg a.i./L were calculated. The toxicity of the
test item to aquatic plants was studied in a GLP guideline study
according to OECD 221 with Lemna minor (M-107686-01-1). Duckweed was
exposed to nominal concentrations up to 150 µg a.i./L. Total frond area
as well as total frond number were investigated for 7 d in a static test
system. After 7 d an EC50 of 110 µg a.i./L (measured, arithmetic mean)
was calculated and a NOEC (7 d) of 9.57 µg/L (measured, arithmetic mean)
was derived based on growth rate.
In conclusion aquatic plants were the most sensitive taxonomic
group in acute studies and chronic studies with freshwater organisms.
Aquatic invertebrates were the most sensitive species in acute studies
for the marine compartment.
The toxicity to the microbial community was studied in a GLP guideline
study according to OECD Guideline 209 (M-566988-01-1). The activated
sludge was exposed to the test item at a limit test item concentration
of 100 mg/L. The respiration rate of each mixture was determined after
aeration periods of 3 hours (no nitrification set up was performed). The
test item showed 1.4% respiration inhibition of activated sludge at a
test item concentration of 100 mg/L. The EC50 (3 h) is higher than 100
mg/L. The NOEC (3 h) is equal or higher than 100 mg/L. The effect value
relates to a nominal concentration, since no analytical monitoring was
performed. No inhibition of the degradation process in sewage treatment
plants is expected.
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