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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.

The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.

Diss Factsheets

Toxicological information

Repeated dose toxicity: oral

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Administrative data

Endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity: oral
Remarks:
combined repeated dose and carcinogenicity
Type of information:
migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
supporting study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Reasonably well-documented study
Cross-reference
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
reference to same study

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
publication
Title:
Life-term effects of mercury, methyl mercury, and nine other trace metals on mice
Author:
Schroeder, H; Mitchener, M.
Year:
1975
Bibliographic source:
J. Nutr. 105: 452-458.

Materials and methods

Test guideline
Qualifier:
no guideline followed
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Male and female white Swiss mice were exposed to barium acetate ( 5 ppm barium) in a life-time drinking study in order to investigate effects of barium.
GLP compliance:
not specified
Limit test:
no

Test material

Constituent 1
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
Barium di(acetate)
EC Number:
208-849-0
EC Name:
Barium di(acetate)
Cas Number:
543-80-6
Molecular formula:
Ba(C2H3O2)2
IUPAC Name:
barium di(acetate)
Test material form:
other: solid
Details on test material:
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Barium acetate
No further information on the test material was given.

Test animals

Species:
mouse
Strain:
Swiss
Sex:
male/female
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Mouse Farm, Inc., N. Wilmington, Mass.
- Age at study initiation: 19 to 20 days
- Housing: 6 mice per cage; Cages were plastic with stainless steel tops and stacked on wooden racks.
- Diet: Composed of whole untreated Balbo rye flour (60%), powdered skim milk (30 59, corn oil (9 %9, and iodized sodium chloride (1 %), with added vitamins and iron .
- Water: Basal drinking water, doubly deionized and with no detectable cations, contained soluble salts as simple complexes ( in ppm): zinc, 50; manganese, 10; copper, 5; chromium, 5; cobalt, 1; and molybdenum, 1.
No further information on details on test animals and environmental conditions were stated.

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:
oral: drinking water
Vehicle:
water
Details on oral exposure:
PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS: Barium acetate (5 ppm barium) basal drinking water was fed to the mice.
No further information on details on oral exposure was stated.


Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
not specified
Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
No data
Duration of treatment / exposure:
life-time
Frequency of treatment:
ad libitum in drinking water
Doses / concentrations
Remarks:
Doses / Concentrations:
5 ppm barium in basal drinking water
Basis:
nominal in water
No. of animals per sex per dose:
42 males / 36 females
Control animals:
yes, concurrent vehicle
Positive control:
no data

Examinations

Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Cage side observations: mortality/survival and growth

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: No data

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Body weight taken at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 360, 540 days

FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study):
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: No data
- Compound intake calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: No data

FOOD EFFICIENCY:
- Body weight gain in kg/food consumption in kg per unit time X 100 calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: No data

WATER CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if drinking water study): No data

OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: No data

HAEMATOLOGY: No data

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: No data

URINALYSIS: No data

NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: No data

No further information on observations and examinations performed and frequency were stated.
Sacrifice and pathology:
Animals were dissected, gross tumors were detected, and some sections were made of heart, lung, liver, kidney, and spleen for microscopic examination. Tumors were considered malignant when they were mulitple. In the study the investigators looked for edema and bleeching of the incisor teeth.
No further information on sacrifice and pathology was stated.
Statistics:
Student's t test and chi-square

Results and discussion

Results of examinations

Clinical signs:
effects observed, treatment-related
Mortality:
mortality observed, treatment-related
Body weight and weight changes:
no effects observed
Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
not specified
Food efficiency:
not specified
Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
not specified
Ophthalmological findings:
not specified
Haematological findings:
not specified
Clinical biochemistry findings:
not specified
Urinalysis findings:
not specified
Behaviour (functional findings):
not specified
Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
not specified
Gross pathological findings:
no effects observed
Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
not specified
Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
no effects observed
Details on results:
CLINICAL SIGNS AND MORTALITY
Barium reduced the longetivity in male mice slightly.

BODY WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN
Mice fed barium were remarkably uniform in respect to weight. In all cases the 540-day weights were less than thos at a year of age. This loss of weight also occurered in the controls.

HISTOPATHOLOGY: NEOPLASTIC
Barium did not increase the incidence of tumors.

GROSS PATHOLOGY:
Barium had no significant effect on oedema or bleeching of the teeth.

Effect levels

Basis for effect level:
other: see 'Remark'
Remarks on result:
not measured/tested
Remarks:
Effect level not specified (migrated information)

Target system / organ toxicity

Critical effects observed:
not specified

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:
Barium reduced the longevity in male mice slightly, but weight was not significantly affected. In all cases the 540-day weights were less than those at a year of age. This loss of weight also occurred in the controls.
Barium did not increase the incidence of tumours.