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EC number: 701-026-1 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2011-06-29 to 2011-09-14
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 110 (Particle Size Distribution / Fibre Length and Diameter Distributions)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of method:
- determination of fibre length and diameter distributions
- Remarks:
- microscopic examination
- Type of distribution:
- counted distribution
- Mass median aerodynamic diameter:
- 21.39 µm
- Percentile:
- D10
- Mean:
- 17.2 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: According to their mass 90% of the fibres have an aerodynamic diameter of >17.20 µm.
- Percentile:
- D50
- Mean:
- 21.39 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: According to their mass 50% of the fibres have an aerodynamic diameter of >21.39 μm; 99% of the fibres have an aerodynamic diameter of >11.45 μm.
- Percentile:
- D90
- Mean:
- 23.9 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: According to their mass 10% of the fibres have an aerodynamic diameter of >23.90 µm.
- Conclusions:
- No fibre typical carcinogenic effect in the lung tissue can be expected for the test item (carbonised PAN based fibre, milled).
- Executive summary:
The length weighted geometric mean diameter of the test item (carbonised PAN based fibre, milled) minus two standard errors is 7.71 μm.
According to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, Note R, the classification as a carcinogenic material is not applicable to mineral fibres if the length weighted geometric mean diameter minus two standard errors is above the limit of 6 µm. In analogy to mineral fibres this criterion can also be used for the carbon fibre in this study.
The mass fraction of WHO fibres is 0.006% of the total fibre mass which is significantly below 0.1 mass%. In the German regulation the classification of inorganic fibre dust as carcinogenic is limited to WHO fibres [Technical Rules for Hazardous Substances (TRGS) 905, section 2.3, revised in May 2008].
In the German Hazardous Substances Ordinance (Deutsche Gefahrstoffverordnung, dated 26 Nov 2010, Appendix II No. 5) the ban of use for man-made mineral fibres is only valid for preparations and products if the mass content is above 0.1%.
The calculated concentration of WHO fibres of 524 fibres per mg total fibre mass of the sample is very low.
In Table 2 the aerodynamic diameter is listed by using mass weighting. The 50% percentile value of the aerodynamic diameter is the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of this fibre material. As the MMAD of 21 µm for the tested fibre is one magnitude higher then the preferred value, e.g. in OECD 413 (1–3 µm) for the subchronic inhalation test, the performance of an inhalation test is not useful for this test substance. As 99% of the mass have an aerodynamic diameter of > 11.45 µm this material has no significant fraction which is lung respirable. After inhalation these fibres will be deposited only in the nasal cavity and in the upper part of the tracheo-bronchial tree. In these parts of the respiratory tract particles (and fibres) will be cleared very fast (half-time < 1 day) by mucociliary clearance. Therefore, no accumulation of fibres will be possible in these regions. In studies with asbestos and man-made vitreous fibres no fibre specific effects were detected in the nasal cavity or in the upper tracheo-bronchial tract (IARC 1987, 2002).
- Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2011-06-30 to 2011-09-14
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 110 (Particle Size Distribution / Fibre Length and Diameter Distributions)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of method:
- determination of fibre length and diameter distributions
- Remarks:
- microscopic examination
- Type of distribution:
- counted distribution
- Mass median aerodynamic diameter:
- 28.99 µm
- Percentile:
- D10
- Mean:
- 20.7 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: According to their mass 90% of the fibres have an aerodynamic diameter of >20.70 µm.
- Percentile:
- D50
- Mean:
- 28.99 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: According to their mass 50% of the fibres have an aerodynamic diameter of >28.99 µm; 99% of the fibres have an aerodynamic diameter of >10.27 µm.
- Percentile:
- D90
- Mean:
- 35.1 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: According to their mass 10% of the fibres have an aerodynamic diameter of >35.10 µm.
- Conclusions:
- No fibre typical carcinogenic effect in the lung tissue can be expected for the test item (carbonised viscose based VCC fibre, milled).
- Executive summary:
The length weighted geometric mean diameter of the test item (carbonised viscose based VCC fibre, milled) minus two standard errors is 11.05 µm.
According to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, Note R, the classification as a carcinogenic material is not applicable to mineral fibres if the length weighted geometric mean diameter minus two standard errors is above the limit of 6 µm. In analogy to mineral fibres this criterion can also be used for the carbon fibre in this study.
The mass fraction of WHO fibres is 0.004% of the total fibre mass which is significantly below 0.1 mass%. In the German regulation the classification of inorganic fibre dust as carcinogenic is limited to WHO fibres [Technical Rules for Hazardous Substances (TRGS) 905, section 2.3, revised in May 2008].
In the German Hazardous Substances Ordinance (Deutsche Gefahrstoffverordnung, dated 26 Nov 2010, Appendix II No. 5) the ban of use for man-made mineral fibres is only valid for preparations and products if the mass content is above 0.1%.
The calculated concentration of WHO fibres of 673 fibres per mg total fibre mass of the sample is very low.
In Table 2 the aerodynamic diameter is listed by using mass weighting. The 50% percentile value of the aerodynamic diameter is the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of this fibre material. As the MMAD of 29 µm for the tested fibre is one magnitude higher then the preferred value, e.g. in OECD 413 (1–3 µm) for the subchronic inhalation test, the performance of an inhalation test is not useful for this test substance. As 99% of the mass have an aerodynamic diameter of > 10.27 µm this material has no significant fraction which is lung respirable. After inhalation these fibres will be deposited only in the nasal cavity and in the upper part of the tracheo-bronchial tree. In these parts of the respiratory tract particles (and fibres) will be cleared very fast (half-time < 1 day) by mucociliary clearance. Therefore, no accumulation of fibres will be possible in these regions. In studies with asbestos and man-made vitreous fibres no fibre specific effects were detected in the nasal cavity or in the upper tracheo-bronchial tract (IARC 1987, 2002).
- Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2011-06-30 to 2011-09-14
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 110 (Particle Size Distribution / Fibre Length and Diameter Distributions)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of method:
- determination of fibre length and diameter distributions
- Remarks:
- microscopic examination
- Type of distribution:
- counted distribution
- Mass median aerodynamic diameter:
- 24.02 µm
- Percentile:
- D10
- Mean:
- 19.38 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: According to their mass 90% of the fibres have an aerodynamic diameter of >19.38 µm.
- Percentile:
- D50
- Mean:
- 24.02 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: According to their mass 50% of the fibres have an aerodynamic diameter of >24.02 µm; 99% of the fibres have an aerodynamic diameter of >12.61 µm.
- Percentile:
- D90
- Mean:
- 28.61 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: According to their mass 10% of the fibres have an aerodynamic diameter of >28.61 µm.
- Conclusions:
- No fibre typical carcinogenic effect in the lung tissue can be expected for the test item (carbonised viscose based GFA fibre, milled)
- Executive summary:
The length weighted geometric mean diameter of the test item (carbonised viscose based GFA fibre, milled) minus two standard errors is 9.05 µm.
According to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, Note R, the classification as a carcinogenic material is not applicable to mineral fibres if the length weighted geometric mean diameter minus two standard errors is above the limit of 6 µm. In analogy to mineral fibres this criterion can also be used for the carbon fibre in the present study.
The mass fraction of WHO fibres is 0.000% as no WHO fibres were detected in this sample. In the German regulation the classification of inorganic fibre dust as carcinogenic is limited to WHO fibres [Technical Rules for Hazardous Substances (TRGS) 905, section 2.3, revised in May 2008].
In the German Hazardous Substance Ordinance (Deutsche Gefahrstoffverordnung, dated 26 Nov 2010, Appendix II No. 5) the ban of use for man-made mineral fibres is only valid for preparations and products if the mass content is above 0.1%.
The calculated concentration of WHO fibres is 0 fibres per mg total fibre mass of the sample as no WHO fibres were detected.
In Table 2 the aerodynamic diameter is listed by using mass weighting. The 50% percentile value of the aerodynamic diameter is the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of this fibre material. As the MMAD of 24 µm for the tested fibre is one magnitude higher then the preferred value, e.g. in OECD 413 (1–3 µm) for the subchronic inhalation test, the performance of an inhalation test is not useful for this test substance. As 99% of the mass have an aerodynamic diameter of > 12.6 µm this material has no significant fraction which is lung respirable. After inhalation these fibres will be deposited only in the nasal cavity and in the upper part of the tracheo-bronchial tree. In these parts of the respiratory tract particles (and fibres) will be cleared very fast (half-time < 1 day) by mucociliary clearance. Therefore, no accumulation of fibres will be possible in these regions. In studies with asbestos and man-made vitreous fibres no fibre specific effects were detected in the nasal cavity or in the upper tracheo-bronchial tract (IARC 1987, 2002).
Referenceopen allclose all
The length weighted diameter and length distribution are listed in Table 1 as mean values and in Table 2 as percentile values. In addition, the length weighted diameter distribution is shown in a histogram in Figure 1 (see attachment).
Table 1 Size distribution of fibres (weighting by length, mean values)
Sample |
Fibre length [µm] |
Fibre diameter [µm] |
|||||||
Arithmetric |
Geometric |
Arithmetric |
Geometric |
Geometric Mean - 2 x SE |
|||||
Mean |
Std |
Mean |
Std |
Mean |
Std |
Mean |
Std |
||
milled carbonised PAN based fibre C30 M150 UNS |
61.89 |
27.53 |
54.17 |
1.77 |
7.80 |
0.69 |
7.77 |
1.10 |
7.71 |
Table 2 Size distribution of fibres (weighting by length, percentile values)
Sample |
n |
Fibre length [µm] |
Fibre diameter [µm] |
Aerodynamic diameter (mass)* |
|||||||||
1%< |
10%< |
50%< |
90%< |
1%< |
10%< |
50%< |
90%< |
1%< |
10%< |
50%< |
90%< |
||
milled carbonised PAN based fibre C30 M150 UNS |
501 |
8.5 |
24.5 |
63.5 |
100.1 |
5.59 |
7.03 |
7.87 |
8.51 |
11.45 |
17.20 |
21.39 |
23.90 |
* weighting by mass
The length weighted diameter and length distribution are listed in Table 1 as mean values and in Table 2 as percentile values. In addition, the length weighted diameter distribution is shown in a histogram in Figure 1 (see attachment).
Table 1 Size distribution of fibres (weighting by length, mean values)
Sample |
Fibre length [µm] |
Fibre diameter [µm] |
|||||||
Arithmetric |
Geometric |
Arithmetric |
Geometric |
Geometric Mean - 2 x SE |
|||||
Mean |
Std |
Mean |
Std |
Mean |
Std |
Mean |
Std |
||
milled carbonised viscose based VCC fibre |
53.62 |
26.84 |
44.95 |
1.95 |
11.43 |
1.95 |
11.24 |
1.21 |
11.05 |
Table 2 Size distribution of fibres (weighting by length, percentile values)
Sample |
n |
Fibre length [µm] |
Fibre diameter [µm] |
Aerodynamic diameter (mass)* |
|||||||||
1%< |
10%< |
50%< |
90%< |
1%< |
10%< |
50%< |
90%< |
1%< |
10%< |
50%< |
90%< |
||
milled carbonised viscose based VCC fibre |
500 |
5.6 |
17.2 |
54.9 |
86.1 |
5.71 |
9.03 |
11.55 |
13.74 |
10.27 |
20.70 |
28.99 |
35.10 |
* weighting by mass
The length weighted diameter and length distribution are listed in Table 1 as mean values and in Table 2 as percentile values. In addition, the length weighted diameter distribution is shown in a histogram in Figure 1 (see attachment).
Table 1 Size distribution of fibres (weighting by length, mean values)
Sample |
Fibre length [µm] |
Fibre diameter [µm] |
|||||||
Arithmetric |
Geometric |
Arithmetric |
Geometric |
Geometric Mean - 2 x SE |
|||||
Mean |
Std |
Mean |
Std |
Mean |
Std |
Mean |
Std |
||
milled carbonised viscose based GFA fibre |
59.85 |
28.63 |
51.75 |
1.80 |
9.24 |
1.26 |
9.16 |
1.15 |
9.04 |
Table 2 Size distribution of fibres (weighting by length, percentile values)
Sample |
n |
Fibre length [µm] |
Fibre diameter [µm] |
Aerodynamic diameter (mass)* |
|||||||||
1%< |
10%< |
50%< |
90%< |
1%< |
10%< |
50%< |
90%< |
1%< |
10%< |
50%< |
90%< |
||
milled carbonised viscose based GFA fibre |
503 |
8.3 |
22.8 |
57.2 |
106.0 |
6.48 |
7.78 |
9.19 |
10.79 |
12.61 |
19.38 |
24.02 |
28.61 |
* weighting by mass
Description of key information
The study was performed at the Fraunhofer
Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, D-30625 Hannover,
Germany, according to the standard operating procedure 060118 which is
equivalent/similar to the OECD Guideline 110 (Particle Size Distribution
/ Fibre Length and Diameter Distributions).
The determined particle size distributions
(aerodynamic diameters, percentile values) are as follows:
- carbonised PAN based fibre, milled: D10 = 17.20 µm, D50 = 21.39 µm,
D90 = 23.90 µm
- carbonised viscose based VCC fibre, milled: D10 = 20.70 µm, D50 =
28.99 µm, D90 = 35.10 µm
- carbonised viscose based GFA fibre, milled: D10 = 19.38 µm, D50 =
24.02 µm, D90 = 28.61 µm
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.