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EC number: 267-008-6 | CAS number: 67762-27-0 This substance is identified by SDA Substance Name: C16-C18 alkyl alcohol and SDA Reporting Number: 19-060-00.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to microorganisms, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Justification for type of information:
- Alcohols, C16-18 is a member and is from Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category.
The Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category is considered suitable as a source of data for Alcohols, C16-18.
Considered valid for read-across for purposes of classification.
No further vertebrate testing can be justified.
Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category covers a family of 30 primary aliphatic alcohols within a carbon chain length range of C6-C22. Commercial products generally include several aliphatic alcohol components, with a range of carbon chain lengths present. The family consists of alcohols with varying compositions and structures. Composition depends on the route to manufacture and the related feedstocks. Most of the alcohols have linear carbon chains but certain manufacturing processes create branched structures. Data are also available for eleven other similar substances, which support the category. Non-sponsored alcohols may not be HPV or may not be produced by members of the consortium, but have structures similar to sponsored linear alcohols.
Key points are that the members share:
• The same structural features
• Similar metabolic pathways
• Common mode of ecotoxicological action
• Common levels and mode of human health related effects. - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ISO 10712
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Toxicity threshold test in Pseudomonas putida based on cell multiplication
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Pseudomonas putida
- Details on inoculum:
- - Laboratory culture: Stock cultures of Pseudomonas putida kept on nutrient medium in agar slant tubes. For onward culturing of the test strain, new stock cultures prepared at intervals of 1 week.
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: Determine the extinction of the monochromatic radioation at 436 nm for a 10mm layer of the bacterial suspension by photoelectric measurement. On the bases of the values thus measured, adjust the final turbidity value of the bacterial suspension by means of sterile saline in such a way that the extinction value for a measuring sample that has been subject to onward dilution 1 + 9 with saline will correspond to the extinction value of a Formazin standard suspension TE/F/436nm = 10. - Test type:
- other: Cell multiplication inhibition test
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 16 h
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- Incubation period
- Hardness:
- Not reported
- Test temperature:
- 25 degC
- pH:
- Not reported
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Not reported
- Salinity:
- na
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 300 ml Erlenmeyer flasks, stoppered with cotton-lined plastic cups
- Test vessel content: 80ml culture liquid, 5ml stock solution I, 5ml stock solution II, and 10ml each of bacterial suspension (or 10ml each of saline for the dilution series not inoculated)
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Double distilled water
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: Pollutant solution neutralised by addition of small amount acid or alkaline solution, in such a way that the volume added is kept as small as possible.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable)
- Concentration of the bacterial suspension measured turbidimetrically, and expressed as extinction of the primary light of monochromatic radiation at 436nm for a layer 10mm thick. The concentration at which the inhibitory action of a pollutant starts will be present in that step of a dilution series of the pollutant having an extinction value at the end of the test period that is ¿3% below the mean value of extinction for non-toxic dilutions of the test cultures.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: Four parallel dilution series, 1:2 to 1:2E+14 v/v. One series inoculated, one not. - Reference substance (positive control):
- not required
- Remarks:
- not applicable
- Duration:
- 16 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: TT or EC3
- Effect conc.:
- > 50 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: cell multiplication inhibition
- Remarks on result:
- other: TT/EC3/(~NOEC) :
- Details on results:
- A toxicity threshold (TT) value for bacteria (Pseudomonas putida) of >50 mg/l was determined in a reliable study conducted according to generally accepted scientific principles.
This toxicity study is classified as acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirement to assess toxicity to bacteria.
Results synopsis
TT/EC3/(~NOEC) : 16hr: >50 mg/l - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- A toxicity threshold (~NOEC) of >5 0 mg/l was observed.
Based on the results of this study, this substance is predicted to have low toxicity to bacteria or waste water treatment systems. - Executive summary:
In an standard study to assess the toxicity tto bacteria, Psuedomonas Putida were exposed to the substance at nominal concentrations and under static conditions. A toxicity threshold (or EC3) of > 50 mg/l was observed. Based on the results of this study, this substance has low toxicity to bacteria or waste water treatment systems.
This toxicity study is classified as acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirement to assess toxicity to bacteria.
Results synopsis
TT/EC3/(~NOEC) : 16hr: > 50 mg/l
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Justification for type of information:
- Alcohols, C16-18 is a member and is from Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category.
The Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category is considered suitable as a source of data for Alcohols, C16-18.
Considered valid for read-across for purposes of classification.
No further vertebrate testing can be justified.
Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category covers a family of 30 primary aliphatic alcohols within a carbon chain length range of C6-C22. Commercial products generally include several aliphatic alcohol components, with a range of carbon chain lengths present. The family consists of alcohols with varying compositions and structures. Composition depends on the route to manufacture and the related feedstocks. Most of the alcohols have linear carbon chains but certain manufacturing processes create branched structures. Data are also available for eleven other similar substances, which support the category. Non-sponsored alcohols may not be HPV or may not be produced by members of the consortium, but have structures similar to sponsored linear alcohols.
Key points are that the members share:
• The same structural features
• Similar metabolic pathways
• Common mode of ecotoxicological action
• Common levels and mode of human health related effects. - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD Oxygen Consumption Test
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Method: German standard methods for the examination of water, waste water and sludge; bioassays (group L); determination of the inhibitory effect of waste water on the oxygen consumption of pseudomonas putida (L 27); DIN 38412 part 27.
The oxygen consumption rate of a bacterial suspension fed with glucose as nutrient base is measured after a contact time of 30 minutes. The oxygen consumption rate of the same bacterial suspension in the presence of various concentrations of a test substance under otherwise identicl conditions is also measured. The inhibitory effect of the test substance at a particular concentration is expressed as a percentage of the mean oxygen consumption rates of the controls. An EC0 value can be determined from these measurements. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Pseudomonas putida
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 30 min
- Details on test conditions:
- The oxygen consumption rate of a bacterial suspension fed with glucose as nutrient base is measured after a contact time of 30 minutes. The oxygen consumption rate of the same bacterial suspension in the presence of various concentrations of a test substance under otherwise identicl conditions is also measured. The inhibitory effect of the test substance at a particular concentration is expressed as a percentage of the mean oxygen consumption rates of the controls. An EC0 value can be determined from these measurements.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Duration:
- 30 min
- Dose descriptor:
- EC0
- Effect conc.:
- 10 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks on result:
- other: non-toxic at the limit of solubility
- Duration:
- 30 min
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- > 10 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks on result:
- other: non-toxic at the limit of solubility
- Details on results:
- Acute toxicity to Microorganism (Pseudomonas putida): 30min-EC10 is >10000 mg/L.
The water solubility of the compound is approximately 0.001 mg/l, therefore the EC50 was not achieved at the solubility limit. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Acute toxicity to Microorganism (Pseudomonas putida): 30min-EC0 is >10000 mg/L.
The water solubility of the compound is approximately 0.001 mg/l, therefore the EC50 was not achieved at the solubility limit. - Endpoint:
- toxicity to microorganisms, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Justification for type of information:
- Alcohols, C16-18 is a member and is from Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category.
The Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category is considered suitable as a source of data for Alcohols, C16-18.
Considered valid for read-across for purposes of classification.
No further vertebrate testing can be justified.
Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category covers a family of 30 primary aliphatic alcohols within a carbon chain length range of C6-C22. Commercial products generally include several aliphatic alcohol components, with a range of carbon chain lengths present. The family consists of alcohols with varying compositions and structures. Composition depends on the route to manufacture and the related feedstocks. Most of the alcohols have linear carbon chains but certain manufacturing processes create branched structures. Data are also available for eleven other similar substances, which support the category. Non-sponsored alcohols may not be HPV or may not be produced by members of the consortium, but have structures similar to sponsored linear alcohols.
Key points are that the members share:
• The same structural features
• Similar metabolic pathways
• Common mode of ecotoxicological action
• Common levels and mode of human health related effects. - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ISO 10712
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Toxicity threshold test in Pseudomonas putida based on cell multiplication
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Pseudomonas putida
- Details on inoculum:
- - Laboratory culture: Stock cultures of Pseudomonas putida kept on nutrient medium in agar slant tubes. For onward culturing of the test strain, new stock cultures prepared at intervals of 1 week.
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: Determine the extinction of the monochromatic radioation at 436 nm for a 10mm layer of the bacterial suspension by photoelectric measurement. On the bases of the values thus measured, adjust the final turbidity value of the bacterial suspension by means of sterile saline in such a way that the extinction value for a measuring sample that has been subject to onward dilution 1 + 9 with saline will correspond to the extinction value of a Formazin standard suspension TE/F/436nm = 10. - Test type:
- other: Cell multiplication inhibition test
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 16 h
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- Incubation period
- Hardness:
- Not reported
- Test temperature:
- 25 degC
- pH:
- Not reported
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Not reported
- Salinity:
- na
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 300 ml Erlenmeyer flasks, stoppered with cotton-lined plastic cups
- Test vessel content: 80ml culture liquid, 5ml stock solution I, 5ml stock solution II, and 10ml each of bacterial suspension (or 10ml each of saline for the dilution series not inoculated)
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Double distilled water
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: Pollutant solution neutralised by addition of small amount acid or alkaline solution, in such a way that the volume added is kept as small as possible.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable)
- Concentration of the bacterial suspension measured turbidimetrically, and expressed as extinction of the primary light of monochromatic radiation at 436nm for a layer 10mm thick. The concentration at which the inhibitory action of a pollutant starts will be present in that step of a dilution series of the pollutant having an extinction value at the end of the test period that is ¿3% below the mean value of extinction for non-toxic dilutions of the test cultures.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: Four parallel dilution series, 1:2 to 1:2E+14 v/v. One series inoculated, one not. - Reference substance (positive control):
- not required
- Remarks:
- not applicable
- Duration:
- 16 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: TT or EC3
- Effect conc.:
- 62 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: cell multiplication inhibition
- Remarks on result:
- other: TT/EC3/(~NOEC) :
- Details on results:
- A toxicity threshold (TT) value for bacteria (Pseudomonas putida) of 62 mg/l was determined in a reliable study conducted according to generally accepted scientific principles.
This toxicity study is classified as acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirement to assess toxicity to bacteria.
Results synopsis
TT/EC3/(~NOEC) : 16hr: = 62 mg/l - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- A toxicity threshold (~NOEC) of 62 mg/l was observed.
Based on the results of this study, this substance is predicted to have low toxicity to bacteria or waste water treatment systems. - Executive summary:
In an standard study to assess the toxicity tto bacteria, Psuedomonas Putida were exposed to the substance at nominal concentrations and under static conditions. A toxicity threshold (or EC3) of 62mg/l was observed. Based on the results of this study, this substance has low toxicity to bacteria or waste water treatment systems.
This toxicity study is classified as acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirement to assess toxicity to bacteria.
Results synopsis
TT/EC3/(~NOEC) : 16hr: = 62 mg/l
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to microorganisms, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with national standard methods with acceptable restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- Alcohols, C16-18 is a member and is from Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category.
The Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category is considered suitable as a source of data for Alcohols, C16-18.
Considered valid for read-across for purposes of classification.
No further vertebrate testing can be justified.
Long Chain Alcohols (C6-22 primary aliphatic alcohols) category covers a family of 30 primary aliphatic alcohols within a carbon chain length range of C6-C22. Commercial products generally include several aliphatic alcohol components, with a range of carbon chain lengths present. The family consists of alcohols with varying compositions and structures. Composition depends on the route to manufacture and the related feedstocks. Most of the alcohols have linear carbon chains but certain manufacturing processes create branched structures. Data are also available for eleven other similar substances, which support the category. Non-sponsored alcohols may not be HPV or may not be produced by members of the consortium, but have structures similar to sponsored linear alcohols.
Key points are that the members share:
• The same structural features
• Similar metabolic pathways
• Common mode of ecotoxicological action
• Common levels and mode of human health related effects. - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD Oxygen Consumption Test
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Method: other: OECD Oxygen Consumption Test
German standard methods for the examination of water, waster water and sludge; bioassays (group L); determination of the inhibitory effect of waste water on the oxygen consumption of Pseudomonas putida (L 27); DIN 38412 part 27. - GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Pseudomonas putida
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 30 min
- Details on test conditions:
- The oxygen consumption rate of a bacterial suspension fed glucose as nutrient base is measured after a contact time of 30 minutes. The oxygen consumption rate of the same bacterial suspension in the presence of various concentrations of a test substance under otherwise identical conditions is also measured.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Key result
- Duration:
- 30 min
- Dose descriptor:
- EC0
- Effect conc.:
- > 10 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks on result:
- other: non-toxic at the limit of solubility,
- Details on results:
- Acute toxicity to Microorganism (Pseudomonas putida): 30min-EC0 is >10000 mg/L.
The water solubility of the compound is approximately 0.001 mg/l, therefore the EC50 was not achieved at the solubility limit. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Acute toxicity to Microorganism (Pseudomonas putida): 30min-EC0 is >10000 mg/L.
The water solubility of the compound is approximately 0.001 mg/l, therefore the EC50 was not achieved at the solubility limit.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
Acute toxicity to Microorganism (Pseudomonas putida): 30min-EC0 is >10000 mg/L.
The water solubility of the compound is approximately 0.001 mg/l, therefore the EC50 was not achieved at the solubility limit.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for microorganisms:
- 50 000 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for microorganisms:
- 10 000 mg/L
Additional information
Acute toxicity to Microorganism (Pseudomonas putida): 30min-EC0 is >10000 mg/L. The water solubility of the compound is approximately 0.001 mg/l, therefore the EC50 was not achieved at the solubility limit.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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