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EC number: 232-094-6 | CAS number: 7786-30-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - workers
Acute DNEL
For dermal route, there is no acute toxicity hazard (leading to C&L), so no acute/short-term DNEL was derived. (Refer to ECHA Guidance on IR&CSA R.8 p.16).
For inhalation route, this route is not appropriate indeed magnesium chloride is deliquescent, which means that it tends to undergo gradual dissolution and liquefaction by the attraction and the absorption of the moisture from the air.
Long term DNEL
Inhalation DNEL:
This route is not appropriate indeed magnesium chloride is deliquescent, which means that it tends to undergo gradual dissolution and liquefaction by the attraction and the absorption of the moisture from the air.
Dermal DNEL
First of all, no information of dose response relationship were available and no adverse effects were observed, for local and systemic effects. Indeed, based on acute toxicological studies identified (limit test OECD 402 and in vitro skin irritation EU B46), there are no statistically or biologically adverse effects induced by MgCl2. In addition, the Health Risk Assessment Guidance for metal (HERAG, 2006) indicated that the penetration of the dermis by dissolved metal cations is generally low, i.e. in the range of 0.1 - 1%: this substance is quasi not available for the organisms (by dermal route), toxic effects are hence negligible.
In these conditions, a DNEL cannot be elaborated for the dermal route, except via a route to route extrapolation.
A route to route extrapolation is proposed for the systemic effect on the basis of guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment R8. The NOAEL and the mean oral absorption (250 mg Mg per day and 35%) defined by the SCF (2001) and the estimate skin absorption defined by HERAG (2006) are used. For more details, see discussion for general population.
Assuming a human body weight of 70 kg and converted the value to magnesium chloride, the long-term oral NOAEL of workers is:
250 mg Mg per day = 981 mg MgCl2 per day
981 / 70 = 14 mg MgCl2/kg bw/day
The corrected dermal NOAEL is
Long term oral NOAEL * Oral absorption / skin absorption
14 * 35/1 = 490 mg/kg bw/day
For workers, no overall assessment factor was retained:
For intra-species variability, the studies used by SCF (2001) are based on a large number of subjects including sensitive sub-populations; consequently no assessment factor was retained.
For the duration study, the maximum duration is 76 weeks but the NOAEL is based on a mild, transient laxative effect, without pathological sequelae, which is readily reversible. It seems therefore appropriate not to assign an extra assessment factor for study duration, although none of the studies covers a chronic exposure time.
For the quality of data: the different clinical studies were reviewed by an European Commission expert group. There may be smaller deficiencies in individual studies but altogether they present an evident dose-response relationship. It does not seem therefore appropriate to introduce an additional assessment factor for data quality
In conclusion:
The long term dermal DNEL for workers is 490 mg/kg bw/day.
Otherwise because of the skin behaviour of MgCl2 (very low absorption) and the high level of the DNEL reached, this dermal DNEL was not considered relevant. Indeed for a worker (bodyweight of 70 kg), the level of exposition for a “theoretical” adverse effect is 34300 mg per day (of the anhydrite form) for a long term exposition. This exposition is not realistic.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 7 mg/kg bw/day
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 2
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
- For interspecies: 7 for allometric scaling factor for mice as compared to humans (for mice and 70 kg for man) and 2.5 for remaining interspecies differences
- For intraspecies: 10 for intraspecies differences in the general population.
- For intra-species variability, a factor of 2 was appropriate. The studies used regard a large number of subjects including sensitive sub-populations (such as children, elderly, pregnant women, patients) but excluding in particular infants (<4 years). This factor seems therefore appropriate than 2.
- For the duration study, the maximum duration is 76 weeks but the NOAEL is based on a mild, transient laxative effect, without pathological sequelae, which is readily reversible. It seems therefore appropriate not to assign an extra assessment factor for study duration, although none of the studies covers a chronic exposure time.
- For the quality of data: the different clinical studies were reviewed by an European Commission expert group. There may be smaller deficiencies in individual studies but altogether they present an evident dose-response relationship. It does not seem therefore appropriate to introduce an additional assessment factor for data quality
- 7.5 mg/kg bw/day on the basis of animal studies.
- 7 mg/kg bw/day on the basis of human studies.
Acute DNEL
There is no acute toxicity hazard (leading to C&L), so no acute/short-term DNEL was derived. (Refer to ECHA Guidance on IR&CSA R.8 p.16).
For inhalation route, this route is not appropriate indeed magnesium chloride is deliquescent, which means that it tends to undergo gradual dissolution and liquefaction by the attraction and the absorption of the moisture from the air.
Long term DNEL
Inhalation DNEL
This route is not appropriate indeed magnesium chloride is deliquescent, which means that it tends to undergo gradual dissolution and liquefaction by the attraction and the absorption of the moisture from the air.
Oral DNEL
A long-term oral DNEL for general population was elaborated on the basis of animal and human studies. Both elaborations are presented below.
On the basis of animal studies
The DNEL is based on a NOAEL from a 96 weeks oral study. In this study, groups of 50 male and 50 female B6C3F1 mice were given MgCl2, 6H20 at dose levels of 0, 0 5 and 2 % in the diet. The NOAELs for female and male mice were, respectively 3930 mg/kg bw/day (2 % in the diet) and 2810 mg/kg bw/day (2 % in the diet). These results were corrected to magnesium chloride anhydrous: 1830 mg/kg bw/day for female mice and 1309 mg/kg bw/day for male mice.
The overall assessment factor was obtained as follows:
No other factors were applied as the quality of the information was good and consistency.
The derived long term oral DNEL is
1309 / (7 x 2.5 x 10) = 7.5 mg/kg bw/day
On the basis of human studies
The Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food of the European Commission (SCF 2001) summarized 20 different clinical studies on oral uptake of magnesium compounds. Considering these clinical studies, the SCF has set a human NOAEL of 250 mg/day for additional intakes (above diatery) based on mild diarrhoea (the most sensitive, non-desirable effect following oral administration of magnesium occurring at oral doses of 360/365 mg Mg per day, the LOAEL) and the absence of such at 250 mg Mg per day (NOAEL).
It seems applicable to use data from other easily bioavailable magnesium salts for read-across to magnesium chloride, based on the assumption that the first adverse effect to occur (mild diarrhoea) is triggered by magnesium concentration rather than by an effect of the chloride ion.
An overall assessment factor of 2 was obtained as follows:
Assuming a human body weight of 70 kg and converted the value to magnesium chloride, the long-term oral DNEL of the general population is:
250 mg Mg per day = 981 mg MgCl2 per day
981 / (70 * 2) = 7 mg MgCl2/kg bw/day
Conclusion
Both elaborations (for long-term oral DNEL) gave an equivalent result:
These results confirm the read-across between magnesium and magnesium chloride.
The final long term oral DNEL for the general population is hence 7 mg/kg bw/day.
Dermal DNEL
First of all, no information of dose response relationship were available and no adverse effects were observed, for local and systemic effects. Indeed, based on acute toxicological studies identified (limit test OECD 402 and in vitro skin irritation EU B46), there are no statistically or biologically adverse effects induced by MgCl2. In addition, the Health Risk Assessment Guidance for metal (HERAG, 2006) indicated that the penetration of the dermis by dissolved metal cations is generally low, i.e. in the range of 0.1 - 1%: this substance is quasi not available for the organisms (by dermal route), toxic effects are hence negligible.
In these conditions, a DNEL cannot be elaborated for the dermal route, except via a route to route extrapolation.
A route to route extrapolation is proposed for the systemic effect on the basis of guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment R8. The NOAEL and the mean oral absorption (250 mg Mg per day and 35%) defined by the SCF (2001) and the estimate skin absorption defined by HERAG (2006) are used.
Assuming a human body weight of 70 kg and converted the value to magnesium chloride, the long-term oral NOAEL:
250 mg Mg per day = 981 mg MgCl2 per day
981 / 70 = 14 mg MgCl2/kg bw/day;
The corrected dermal NOAEL is
= Long term oral NOAEL * Oral absorption / skin absorption
= 14 * 35/1 = 490 mg/kg bw/day
As the oral route, an overall assessment factor of 2 was appropriate for general population.
In conclusion:
The long term dermal DNEL for general population is 245 mg/kg bw/day.
Otherwise because of the skin behaviour of MgCl2 (very low absorption) and the high level of the DNEL reached, this dermal DNEL was not considered relevant. Indeed for an adult (bodyweight of 70 kg), the level of exposition for a “theoretical” adverse effect is 17150 mg per day (of the anhydrite form) for a long term exposition. This exposition is not realistic
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