2-chloroaniline

Toxicity to soil microorganisms

Administrative data

Endpoint:

toxicity to soil microorganisms

Type of information:

other: BUA report

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

other: BUA report

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: BUA report

Data source

Reference

Reference 1

Reference Type:

other: BUA Report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1991

Reference 2

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Inhibition of nitrification and denitrification in calcareous chernozem soil

Author:

Kostov O

Year:

1975

Bibliographic source:

Soil Biol. Conserv. Biosphere [Proc. Meet.] 7, 151-155

Reference 3

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1968

Reference 4

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Untersuchungen ueber die Hemmung der Nitrifikation durch einige chemische Praeparate [in German]

Author:

Ansorge H, Markert S, Jauert R

Year:

1967

Bibliographic source:

Albrecht-Thaer-Archiv Berlin, Band 11, 509-516

Reference 5

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Effect of chemical structure of phenylureas and anilines on the denitrification process

Author:

Bollag JM, Nash CL

Year:

1974

Bibliographic source:

Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 12, 241-248

Reference 6

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Microbial mineralization of ring-substituted anilines through an ortho-cleavage pathway

Author:

Zeyer J, Wasserfallen A, Timmis KN

Year:

1985

Bibliographic source:

Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 50, 447-453

Reference 7

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Microbial degradation of para-chloroanilines as sole carbon and nitrogen source

Author:

Zeyer J, Kearney PC

Year:

1982

Bibliographic source:

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 17, 215-223

Materials and methods

Principles of method if other than guideline:

BUA report

GLP compliance:

not specified

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

2-chloroaniline

EC Number:

202-426-4

EC Name:

2-chloroaniline

Cas Number:

95-51-2

Molecular formula:

C6H6ClN

IUPAC Name:

2-chloroaniline

Results and discussion

Any other information on results incl. tables

BUA report:

Several studies on the toxicity of 2-chloroaniline to soil microorganisms were summarized in the assessment of the BUA report 57 (2001). Some of these studies were reliable studies with restrictions, not reliable or reliability was not assignable because references were only cited as secondary literature.

Under anaerobic conditions o-chloroaniline initially inhibited the biological activity of the soil (microbial CO2 production) in concentrations of 2.5% and 5%, respectively, of the applied nitrogen fertilizer. During incubation time, this inhibition got weaker and turned in the lower concentration with the beginning of Day 5 into a stimulation of the soil activity.

o-Chloroaniline caused at 100 mg/kg and 50% of the maximum water holding capacity during the first 2 weeks of incubation a decrease of the total bacteria cell count. At all later investigation dates and at concentrations of 5, 10 and 50 mg/kg no negative impact on the total bacteria cell count could be detected during the observation period (in sum 12 weeks). At all 4 concentrations (5, 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg) o-chloroaniline stimulated the fungal cell count.

The cell proliferation of a bacterial strain of Moraxella sp. isolated from a soil was inhibited during the exponential growth period by about 50% by a o-chloroaniline concentration of 128 mg/L.

The nitrification in different soils was inhibited after 8 weeks of incubation with o-chloroaniline beginning at concentrations of 4 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg, respectively, depending on the soil type (each at 60% of the maximum water holding capacity). 50% inhibition was reported at concentrations of >50 mg o-chloroaniline/kg (Ansorge et al. 1967). At o-chloroaniline concentrations below the inhibition limit the nitrification was stimulated slightly. It could be shown that o-chloroaniline inhibited the reproduction of the nitrificants.

On the one hand, o-chloroaniline inhibited in a soil sample under anaerobic conditions the denitrification and - to a minor degree - the reproduction of the nitrificants. On the other hand, o-chloroaniline did not inhibit the denitrification of an isolated soil bacterium which reduces NO3- only up to NO2.