Hydrogen (glycinato-N,O)[sulphato(2-)-O,O']ferrate(1-)

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification

Justification for type of information:

1. SOFTWARE
ECOSAR v 1.11
2. MODEL (incl. version number)
ECOSAR v 1.11; The ECOSAR (ECOlogical Structure Activity Relationship) Class Programm for Microsoft Windows; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention (Kelly Mayo-Bean, June 19, 2012)
3. SMILES OR OTHER IDENTIFIERS USED AS INPUT FOR THE MODEL
CAS: 56-40-6
4. SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY OF THE (Q)SAR MODEL
For more detailed information please refer to the 'attached justification' section
5. APPLICABILITY DOMAIN
For more detailed information please refer to the 'attached justification' section
6. ADEQUACY OF THE RESULT
For more detailed information please refer to the 'attached justification' section

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

QSAR prediction of dose descriptors using EPISuite ™, The ECOSAR (ECOlogical Structure Activity Relationship) Class Programm for Microsoft Windows; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention (Kelly Mayo-Bean, June 19, 2012).

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

no

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

32 749.543 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other:

Remarks:

Value obtained from a QSAR estimation

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

In the present QSAR prediction which was conducted using EPISuite ™, The ECOSAR (ECOlogical Structure Activity Relationship) Class Programm for Microsoft Windows; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention (Kelly Mayo-Bean, June 19, 2012) for glycine, the estimated LC50 value for glycine was reported to be 32749.543 mg/L. The prediction is reliable because the substance falls into the applicability domain of the model. Moreover, cut-off values that limit the predictions reliability were not exceeded. Based on the presented results glycine does not need to be classified according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) and the Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS).

Executive summary:

In the present QSAR prediction conducted with the EPISuite TM; ECOSAR v1.11 software. The program detected two functional groups present in the molecule which are considered to exhibit a more specific mode of toxicity, namely, aliphatic amines and amides. In consideration of the results of all three chemical classes, several LC50 values are estimated. The LC50 value predicted for L-glycine is far above the 100 mg/L limit concentration. Since the substance falls in the applicability domain of the used model and the predicted values are more than 10-fold greater than the water solubility, no toxic effects are expected to occur up to saturation limits.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

- Principle of test: The effects of different metals on escape behavior and survival of the mayflies were investigated during an exposure of 120 hours.
- Short description of test conditions: Two groups with 20 mayflies each were subsequently exposed to one of the following nominal metal concentrations Fe2+: 0, 10, 50,100, 250 and 500 mg/L at pH 4.5 and pH 7.The stream water in the aquaria was renewed daily and the metal concentrations (Fetot, Fe2+) were determined before a fresh addition of the metal solutions (FeSO4 x 7H2O) occurred. Fetot was measured spectrophotometrically at 522 nm using 2,2’ Bipyridine. The mayflies were not fed during the 120 h exposure period.
- Parameters analysed / observed: Survival of the mayflies and their reaction to a mechanical stimulus with a forceps (escape reaction) were recorded daily. A positive escape reaction was noted ifthe mayflies moved a distance of more than one body length away from the stimulus, irrespective of the kind of movement (swimming, creeping). At the end of the experiments, alive animals from all treatment groups were prepared for metal analysis (Fetot) with spectrophotometrical measurement at 522 nm using 2,2’ Bipyridine. After rinsing with destilled water, the mayflies were dried to constant weight (48 h, 80 ° C) and then digested in HNO3 suprapur at 80 °C.

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

yes

Remarks:

deionized water

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: not reported, treatment solutions were prepared from FeSO4 x 7H2O
- Controls:yes, concurrent medium (streamwater)

Test organisms (species):

other: Leptophlebia marginata

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: mayfly
- Source: Mayfly nymphs were collected from a small, softwater stream, rich in humic matter
- Feeding during test : no

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: The nymphs were kept in aquaria containing unfiltered streamwater and stones serving as shelter. For a period of two days, the animals were acclimated to the system (10 °C, 12 h/12 h light/dark cycle) and to the two pH conditions of a) circum-neutral and b) pH 4.5 by stepwise adjustments twice a day with 0.1 M H2SO4 and 0.1M NaOH.

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

120 h

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: aquaria
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): daily renewal
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): daily
- No. of organisms per vessel: 20
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: soft streamwater
- Culture medium different from test medium: No

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: yes, to pH 4.5 and 7 with 0.1 M H2SO4 or 0.1 M NaOH
- Photoperiod: 12/12

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : survival, metal concentration

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

120 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Remarks:

at pH 4.5

Effect conc.:

65.3 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: Fe2+

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: 65.3 mg Fe2+/L corresponds to 265 mg/L ferrous monoglycinate sulfate

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Remarks:

at pH 4.5

Effect conc.:

106.3 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: Fe2+

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: 106.3mg Fe2+/L corresponds to 432 mg/L ferrous monoglycinate sulfate

Key result

Duration:

120 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Remarks:

at pH 7

Effect conc.:

106.3 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: Fe2+

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: 106.3 mg Fe2+/L corresponds to 432 mg/L ferrous monoglycinate sulfate

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Remarks:

at pH 7

Effect conc.:

89.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: Fe2+

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: 89.5 mg Fe2+/L corresponds to 363 mg/L ferrous monoglycinate sulfate

Reported statistics and error estimates:

All data were analyzed by non-parametric statistical methods because of the lacking knowledge about the underlaying frequency distribution due to poor replication (r= 2). According to Manly (1991) an estimation of the distribution is only useful at r2 10. Differences in the pH values between the various metal-concentration levels wereanalysed with the Kruskal Wallis multiple comparison test. The data for metal concentrations in the mayfly nymphs from different metal treatments were compared with Likelihood ratio tests. The Friedman test served as a non-parametric two-factor repeated measurements ANOVA to find differences in survival or display of escape behavior between the treatments, due to pH or metal concentration. After a significant Friedman test, post-hoc pairwise comparisons were made to indicate significant differences (Siegel & Castellan, 1988). LC50/EC50 values were obtained by using the Maximum Likelihood Estimate based on probit percent survival concentration-response relationships. The Maximum Likelihood Estimate was preferred to simple least square regression be-cause it seems to be a more accurate method for scattered data (Weber, 1986).

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

In the present study mayflies (Leptophlebia marginata) nymphs were exposed to Fe2+ ions in varying concentration of 0, 10, 50, 100, 250 and 500 mg/L for 120h under semi-static condictions. Survival of the mayflies and their reaction to a mechanical stimulus with a forceps (escape reaction) were recorded daily. A positive escape reaction was noted ifthe mayflies moved a distance of more than one body length away from the stimulus, irrespective of the kind of movement (swimming, creeping). The LC50 after 120h at pH 7 and 96h at pH 4.5 was 106.3 mg/L. After 120 h at pH 4.5 the LC50 was 65.3 mg/L and after 96h at pH 7 it was 89.5 mg/L. Thus, Fe2+ ions are moderately toxic to mayflies under the conditions of the test.

Executive summary:

The effects of different metals on escape behavior and survival of the mayflies were investigated during an exposure of 120 hours.  Two groups with 20 mayflies each were subsequently exposed to one of the following nominal metal concentrations Fe2+: 0, 10, 50,100, 250 and 500 mg/L at pH 4.5 and pH 7.The stream water in the aquaria was renewed daily and the metal concentrations (Fetot, Fe2+) were determined before a fresh addition of the metal solutions (FeSO4 x 7H2O) occurred. Fetot was measured spectrophotometrically at 522 nm using 2,2’ Bipyridine. The mayflies were not fed during the 120 h exposure period.

Survival of the mayflies and their reaction to a mechanical stimulus with a forceps (escape reaction) were recorded daily. A positive escape reaction was noted ifthe mayflies moved a distance of more than one body length away from the stimulus, irrespective of the kind of movement (swimming, creeping). At the end of the experiments, alive animals from all treatment groups were prepared for metal analysis (Fetot) with spectrophotometrical measurement at 522 nm using 2,2’ Bipyridine. After rinsing with destilled water, the mayflies were dried to constant weight (48 h, 80 ° C) and then digested in HNO3 suprapur at 80 °C.

Survival was observed daily. 

The 120-hour LC50 at pH 4.5 was 65.3 mg Fe²⁺/L this corresponds to approximately 264 mg/L ferrous mono glycinate sulfate.

 The 120-hour LC50 at pH 7 was 106.3 mg Fe²⁺/L this corresponds to approximately 432 mg/L ferrous mono glycinate sulfate.

The 96-hour LC50 at pH 4.5 was 106.3 mg Fe²⁺/L this corresponds to approximately 432 mg/L ferrous mono glycinate sulfate.

 The 96-hour LC50 at pH 7 was 89.5 mg Fe²⁺/L, this corresponds to approximately 363 mg/L ferrous mono glycinate sulfate.

This study is classified as acceptable as it was conducted according to generally accepted scientific principles and satisfies the requirements for an acute toxicity study with freshwater invertebrates.

 

Results Synopsis

Test Organism Age: n/a

Test Type: n/a

 

LC50: 106.5 mg Fe²⁺/L

Endpoint(s) Effected:  survival

Reference 3

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

- Principle of test: Test similar to OECD 202.
- Short description of test conditions: Static tests were conducted for 96h in a 13°C constant temperature room, under a 12h light cycle. Soft water was used, with a total hardness of 50 ppm (as calcium carbonate). This complies with that recommended for static toxicity tests. New 200 cm³ polystyrene beakers were used as the experimental containers, and between 20-30 amphipods or 10 isopods were placed in each. Animals were not fed during testing, nor was aeration found to be necessary. Solutions were changed every 24 h after which time ammonia and oxygen concentrations were found to be still well within acceptable limits. Since the pH of aqueous solutions tends to change when metal salts are added (Stumm and Morgan, 1981), pH was also checked at 24 and 72 h. Initial range-finding tests were used to derive the concentrations suitable for LC50 determinations. For actual testing a minimum of eight concentrations (and a control) were used for each metal. Two replicates were used for all Asellus and most Crangonyx tests. The “death point” was taken as immobilization, determined by gentle probing of each animal. Post-exposure observations in clean water revealed that immobilized crustaceans did not recover. Mortalities were assessed at 24h intervals when the dead peracarids were removed.
- Parameters analysed / observed: Mortality

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Stock solutions were prepared by dissolving the appropriate salt (FeSO4 x H2O) in deionized water
- Controls: No treatment

Test organisms (species):

other: Asellus aquaticus and Crangonyx pseudogracilils

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Waterlouse (Isopod) and Amphipod
- Strain/clone: Asellus aquaticus and Crangonyx pseudogracilils
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): Amphipods of mean size 4mm (approx. 0.2 mg dry wt) and isopods of 7 mm (1.5 mg dry wt) were selected for the tests (excluding ovigerous females)
- Stage and instar at study initiation: adult
- Method of breeding: Crangonyx pseudogracilis and Asellus aquaticur were obtained from self-maintaining cultures in open-air concrete stock tanks (2.5 m long x 1.2 m wide x 0.8 m deep). A slow flow of water from the Nottingham mains supply passes through the tanks which are used to house freshwater crayfish. In the tanks, an excess of food is available in the form of filamentous algae (Cladophora spp) and organic detritus (mainly decaying leaves).
- Source: The original source for the Crangonyx was Nottingham Canal, a disused and “clean” static water body north-west of Nottingham. More than one source may have contributed to the stock population of Asellus but, as with the Crangonyx, the captive population had been established for more than a year prior to the tests.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: Animals were acclimated for a week prior to experimentation.
- Type and amount of food: During this time the animals were fed ad Iibitum upon trout-fry pellets. No aeration was provided.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

Post exposure observation was performed and revealed that immobilised crustaceae do not recover.

Hardness:

within 5 ppm

Conductivity:

325µS/cm

Nominal and measured concentrations:

8 concentrations were tested.

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 200 cm³ polystyrene beakers
- Aeration: No
- No. of organisms per vessel: 20-30 amphipods or 10 isopods were placed in each
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: The dilution water was prepared by adding tap water to deionized water in the approximate ratio of 1:3, to achieve the desired hardness to within 5 ppm.
- Conductivity: 325 µS/cm

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: not reported


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Mortality/Immobilization

VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: no

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Remarks:

Crangonyx pseudogracilis

Effect conc.:

143 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: Fe2+

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: 143 mg Fe2+/L corresponds to 581 mg/L ferrous monoglycinate sulfate

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Remarks:

Crangonyx pseudogracilis

Effect conc.:

95 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: Fe2+

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: 95 mg Fe2+/L corresponds to 386 mg/L ferrous monoglycinate sulfate

Reported statistics and error estimates:

24, 48, 72 and 96 h LC50 values and 95% confidence limits were derived from weighted regressions of log metal concentration (as ppm of metal added)/probit (=transformed percentage) mortality (Finney, 1971). Results from replicates were pooled. For reasons of space, only the 48 and 96 h values are presented. In each case, goodness of fit of the regression model was verified by the Chi-square statistic. The complete probit analysis was carried out using a BBC model B micro-computer running a modified version of an “Apple-soft“ BASIC program by Liebennan (1983). It should be emphasized that LC50 were derived from nominal rather than measured concentrations of metal ions.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

In the present study the 96 h LC50 value of Fe2+ ions was determined in Crangonyx pseudogracilis. 20 Crangonyx pseudogracilis were exposed to at least 8 concentrations of Fe2+ under static conditions. Immobilisation was used as parameter to determine toxicity or death point.
The LC 50 value for Crangonyx pseudogracilis was 95 mg/L after 96h incubation which corresponds to 384.5 mg/L ferrous monoglycinate sulfate.

Executive summary:

The 96-hr-acute toxicity of FeSO4 to Asellus aquaticus and Crangonyx pseudogracilils was studied under static conditions.  Snails were exposed to control and test chemical at eight in soft water for 96 h.

The “death point” was taken as immobilization, determined by gentle probing of each animal. Post-exposure observations in clean water revealed that immobilized crustaceans did not recover. Mortalities were assessed at 24h intervals when the dead peracarids were removed.

Mortality/immobilization was observed daily. 

The 96-hour LC50 for Crangonyx pseudogracilis was 95 mg Fe²⁺/L this corresponds to approximately 386 mg/L ferrous mono glycinate sulfate.

 

This study is classified as acceptable as it was conducted according to generally accepted scientific principles and satisfies the requirements for an acute toxicity study with freshwater invertebrates.

 

Results Synopsis

Test Organism Age: adult Isopods and Amphipods

Test Type: Static Renewal

 

LC50 C. pseudogracilis: 95 mg Fe²⁺/L

Endpoint(s) Effected:  mortality

Reference 4

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Testing was performed according to ISO 6341: Daphnia magna was cultivated in the dilution water described in ISO 6341 in the temperature of 25 ± 2°C in the light rythm of 17h light and 7h dark. Daphnids were fed ad libitum with a pure culture of Celenastrum capricornutum. Acute toxicity was determined according to standards ISO 6341 and SFS 5062. The test temperature was 25 ± 2°C. For each test concentration, three replicates with five daphnids in each were studied. Test vials were kept in the daylight. According to the standards, a sensitivity check was done with
potassium dichromate. EC50 values with 95% confidence limits were calculated by a probit analysis computer program, version 2.3. (National Swedish Environmental Protection Agency).

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: From the chemicals, stock solutions containing 1000 mg/L of the metal were prepared in distilled water. EDTA stock solution contained 10g EDTA/L. In the case of DTPA, a stock solution containing 100g DTPA/L was prepared in the dilution water described in ISO 6341. To examine the effect of complexation, an equimolar amount of solid EDTA or DTPA was added to each metal stock solution. To make the final test solutions, mainly few hundreds of µL of the respective stock solution or a dilution ofit was used. Since the volumes were so small, there was no need for pH adjustment.
- Controls: destilled water (negative control) potassium dichromate (positive control)

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Strain/clone: Daphnia magna
- Method of breeding: Daphnia magna was cultivated in the dilution water described in ISO 6341
- Photoperiod: 17/7h

Test type:

not specified

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

24 h

Test temperature:

25 ± 2°C

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Not reported

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 3

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: dilution water as described in ISO 6341

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: Not necessary due to small stock solution volumes
- Photoperiod: 17/7

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

dipotassium chromate

Key result

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

16 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: Fe3+

Basis for effect:

mobility

Results with reference substance (positive control):

Sensitivity check with K2Cr2O7 gave an EC50 value of 0.34 mg/L, with a confidence interval between 0.21 and 0.47 mg/L. In ISO 6341, an acceptable range of 0.9 to 2.4 mg/L is given.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

EC50 values with 95% confidence limits were calculated by a probit analysis computer program, version 2.3. (National Swedish Environmental Protection Agency).

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

In the present publication 15 Daphnids were exposed to FeCl3 x 6 H2O dissolved in water at different concentrations. The 24h EC50 value was determined to be 16 mg/L.

Executive summary:

The 24-hr-acute toxicity of FeCl₃to Daphnia magna was studied.  Daphnids were exposed to control and test chemical at various concentrations of FeCl3 in dilution water for 24 h.

Mortality/immobility was recorded at 24 hours. The criterion used to determine mortality were failure to respond to physical stimulation.

Mortality/immobilization was observed after 24h. 

The 24-hour EC50 was 16 mg /L

 

This study is classified as acceptable as it was conducted according to generally accepted scientific principles and satisfies the requirements for an acute toxicity study with freshwater invertebrates.

 

Results Synopsis

Test Organism Age: n/a

Test Type: n/a

 

EC50: 16 mg /L

Endpoint(s) Effected:  mortality

Description of key information

- study conducted similar to OECD guideline 202 (Lilius et al., 1995), Daphnia magna were exposed to different concentrations of dissolved FeSO4 under static conditions for 24h, EC50 = 45.6 mg/L FeSO4, read-across

- study conducted with mayflies exposed to diferent metal ions at concentrations of 0, 10, 50,100, 250 and 500 mg/L at pH 4.5 and pH 7 for 120 h, measurement of survival and escape reaction, LC50 for pH 7 at 96h incubation: 89.5 mg/L and at 120h: 106.3 mg/L , read-across

- study conducted similar to OECD 202 (Martin and Holdrich, 1986), Asellus aquaticus and Crangonyx pseudogracilils were either incubated with different metal ions in different concentrations. Crangonyx pseudogracilils was exposed to eight concentrations of dissolved FeSO4 under static conditions for 96h, 96h LC50: 95 mg/L Fe2+ , read-across

- QSAR prediction performed with ECOSAR for glycine, 48h LC50 for invertebrates based on mortality was determined, LC50: 32749.54 mg/L , read-across

- supporting study (Shuhaimi et al., 2012) in snails (M. tuberculata), were exposed to differing concentrations of ferric chloride (Fe3 +) under static conditions for four days, parameter observed: mortality, 48h LC50: 21.78 mg/L, 96h LC50: 8.49 mg/L

- supporting study (Sorvani and Sillanpää, 1996) in Daphnia magna similar to OECD guideline 202, Dapnids were exposed to Fe3+ either in chelating or non-chelating medium for 24h, 24h EC50 for Fe3 +: 16 mg/L

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

185.3 mg/L

Additional information

No information on aquatic toxicity are available for ferrous monoglycinate sulfate. However, based on the information available for the single constituents, namely glycine and Fe2 +, i.e. FeSO4, and the read-across hypothesis described in Chapter 13, that metal ions chelated with amino acids are not more toxic than the metal ions alone, the LC50 for aquatic invertebrates was determined from the study of Lilius et al., 1995 for the following reasons. The data available were obtained from studies using different model organisms of which Daphnia magna appeared to be the most sensitive species. Furthermore, the studies were conducted with differing durations and with two oxidations states of iron, namely Fe2+ and Fe3 +. It is generally accepted that Fe3+ is the more toxic species and due to the occurrence of Fe2+ in the target substance ferrous monoglycinate sulfate, Fe2+ represents the toxicity determining species in the target substance., Thus, comparison of the detected LC50/EC50 values of the available publications is not possible. Therefore, based on the data available, the study of Lilius et al., 1995 is considered to represent the most reliable LC50 for Fe2+ ions in Daphnia magna and is used as a worst case assumption for further assessment of the environmental risk.

The Fe2+ concentrations detected in this study was 45.6 mg/L Fe2+ which corresponds to a concentration of 185.3 mg/L ferrous glycine sulfate.