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EC number: 931-037-9 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- The study was conducted between 17 March 2008 and 17 April 2008
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study conducted in compliance with agreed protocols, with no or minor deviations from standard test guidelines and/or minor methodological deficiencies, which do not affect the quality of the relevant results.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 008
- Report date:
- 2008
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-C (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Carbon Dioxide Evolution Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Date of inspection: 21/07/2009 Date of Signature:15/10/2009
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- dibarium(2+) bis(1,5-dioxo-1,5-bis(tridecyloxy)pentane-3-sulfonate) hydrogen phosphate
- EC Number:
- 931-037-9
- Molecular formula:
- Molecular formula for each combination of chain length. C13,13: (C30H57O7S)2 Ba @ BaHOP4 C11,12: (C27H51O7S)2 Ba @ BaHOP4 C12,12: (C28H53O7S)2 Ba @ BaHOP4 C12,13: (C29H55O7S)2 Ba @ BaHOP4 C13,14: (C31H59O7S)2 Ba @ BaHOP4 C14,14: (C32H61O7S)2 Ba @ BaHOP4
- IUPAC Name:
- dibarium(2+) bis(1,5-dioxo-1,5-bis(tridecyloxy)pentane-3-sulfonate) hydrogen phosphate
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Barium di(bistridecylsulfosuccinate) in mixture with Barium hydrogen phosphate
- Substance type: pale yellow solid
- Physical state: Solid
- Lot/batch No.: Y-T-1
- Storage condition of test material: room temperature in the dark
- Other:
Constituent 1
Study design
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge: Severn trent Water Plc
- Laboratory culture: Not recorded
- Method of cultivation: Not recorded
- Storage conditions: Not recorded
- Storage length: Not recorded.
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: The activated sewage sludge sample was washed three times by settlement and resuspension in culture medium to remove any excessive amounts of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) that may have been present. The washed sample was then maintained on continuous aeration in the laboratory at a temperature of approximately 21ºC and used on the day of collection. Determination of the suspended solids level of the activated sewage sludge was carried out by filtering a sample (100 ml) of the washed activated sewage sludge by suction through pre-weighed GF/A filter paper* using a Buchner funnel. Filtration was then continued for a further 3 minutes after rinsing the funnel three successive times with 10 ml of deionised reverse osmosis water. The filter paper was then dried in an oven at approximately 105ºC for at least 1 hour and allowed to cool before weighing. This process was repeated until a constant weight was attained. The suspended solids concentration was equal to 2.2 g/l prior to use.
* rinsed three times with 20 ml deionised reverse osmosis water prior to drying in an oven
- Pretreatment: Not recorded
- Concentration of sludge: Not recorded
- Initial cell/biomass concentration: Not recorded
- Water filtered: yes
- Type and size of filter used, if any: GF/A filter paper using Buchner funnel.
Culture medium:
The culture medium used in this study was that recommended in the OECD Guidelines.
Culture Medium
Solution a KH2PO4 8.50 g/l
K2HPO4 21.75 g/l
Na2HPO4.2H2O 33.40 g/l
NH4Cl 0.50 g/l
pH = 7.4
Solution b CaCl2 27.50 g/l
Solution c MgSO4.7H2O 22.50 g/l
Solution d FeCl3.6H2O 0.25 g/l
To 1 litre (final volume) of purified water* was added the following volumes of solutions a – d.
10 ml of Solution a
1 ml of Solution b
1 ml of Solution c
1 ml of Solution d - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
Initial test substance concentration
- Initial conc.:
- 22.5 mg/L
- Based on:
- other: final concentration of 22.5 mg/l, equivalent to 10 mg carbon/l.
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- CO2 evolution
- Details on study design:
- TEST SPECIES:
A mixed population of activated sewage sludge micro-organisms was obtained on from the aeration stage of the Severn Trent Water Plc sewage treatment plant at Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK, which treats predominantly domestic sewage
TEST SYSTEM
The following test preparations were prepared and inoculated in 5 litre glass culture vessels each containing 3 litres of solution:
a) A control, in duplicate, consisting of inoculated culture medium.
b) The standard material (sodium benzoate), in duplicate, in inoculated culture medium to give a final concentration of 10 mg carbon/l.
c) The test material, in duplicate, in inoculated culture medium to give a final concentration of 10 mg carbon/l.
d) The test material plus the standard material in inoculated culture medium to give a final concentration of 20 mg carbon/l to act as a toxicity control (one vessel only).
Each test vessel was inoculated with the prepared inoculum at a final concentration of 30 mg suspended solids (ss)/l. The test was carried out in a temperature controlled room at approximately 21°C, in darkness.
Approximately 24 hours prior to addition of the test and standard materials the vessels were filled with 2400 ml of culture medium and 40.9 ml of inoculum and aerated overnight. On Day 0 the test and standard materials were added and the volume in all the vessels adjusted to 3 litres by the addition of culture medium.
The culture vessels were sealed and CO2-free air bubbled through the solution at a rate of approximately 40 ml/minute and stirred continuously by magnetic stirrer.
The CO2-free air was produced by passing compressed air through a glass column containing self-indicating soda lime (Carbosorb®) granules.
The CO2 produced by degradation was collected in two 500 ml Dreschel bottles containing 350 ml of 0.05 M NaOH. The CO2 absorbing solutions were prepared using purified de-gassed water.
SAMPLING
-CO2 analysis:
Samples (2 ml) were taken from the first CO2 absorber vessel on Days 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 27, 28 and 29. The second absorber vessel was sampled on Days 0 and 29.
The samples taken on Days 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 10, 14, 16, 20, 22, 24, 27, 28 and 29 were analysed for CO2 immediately. The samples taken on Days 12 and 18 were stored at approximately -20°C. However, these samples were not analysed for CO2 as the results obtained from previous and subsequent analyses showed that the level of degradation of the test material did not significantly increase during this time and therefore additional analyses were considered to be unnecessary.
On Day 28, 1 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid was added to each vessel to drive off any inorganic carbonates formed. The vessels were resealed, aerated overnight and the final samples taken from both absorber vessels on Day 29.
The samples were analysed for CO2 using a Tekmar-Dohrmann Apollo 9000 TOC analyser and a Shimadzu TOC-VCSH TOC analyser. Samples (300 or 50 µl) were injected into the IC (Inorganic Carbon) channel of the TOC analyser. Inorganic carbon analysis occurs by means of the conversion of an aqueous sample to CO2 by orthophosphoric acid using zero grade air as the carrier gas. Calibration was by standard solutions of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3). Each analysis was carried out in triplicate.
Dissolved Organic carbon (DOC) analysis:
Samples (20 ml) were removed from the test material and toxicity control vessels on Day 0 prior to the addition of the test material in order to calculate the Inorganic Carbon content in the test media. The samples were filtered through Gelman 0.45 µm Acrocap filters (approximately 5 ml discarded) prior to DOC analysis.
DOC analysis of the test material dispersions after dosing was not possible due to the insoluble nature of the test material in water.
On Days 0 and 28 samples (20 ml) were removed from the control and standard material vessels and filtered through Gelman 0.45 µm Acrocap filters (approximately 5 ml discarded) prior to DOC analysis.
The samples were analysed for DOC using a Shimadzu TOC-5050A TOC analyser. Samples (27 or 13 µl) were injected into the Total Carbon (TC) and Inorganic Carbon (IC) channels of the TOC analyser. Total carbon analysis is carried out at 680°C using a platinum based catalyst and zero grade air as the carrier gas. Inorganic carbon analysis involves conversion by orthophosphoric acid at ambient temperature. Calibration was performed using standard solutions of potassium hydrogen phthalate (C8H5KO4) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) in deionised water. Each analysis was carried out in triplicate.
pH Measurement:
The pH of the test preparations was determined on Day 28, prior to acidification with hydrochloric acid, using a WTW pH 320 pH meter.
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Toxicity control:
For the purposes of the test a toxicity control, containing the test material and sodium benzoate, was prepared in order to assess any toxic effect of the test material on the sewage sludge micro-organisms used in the test.
An amount of test material (67.5 mg) was dispersed in approximately 400 ml of culture medium and subjected to high shear mixing at approximately 7500 rpm for 15 minutes prior to dispersal in inoculated culture medium. An aliquot (51.4 ml) of the sodium benzoate stock solution was also added to the test vessel and the volume adjusted to 3 litres to give a final concentration of 22.5 mg test material/l plus 17.1 mg sodium benzoate/l, equivalent to a total of 20 mg carbon/l.
Reference substance
- Reference substance:
- other: Sodium benzoate
Results and discussion
- Preliminary study:
- Not applicable
- Test performance:
- The total CO2 evolution in the control vessels on Day 28 was 35.51 mg/l and therefore satisfied the validation criterion given in the OECD Test Guidelines.
The IC content of the test material suspension in the mineral medium at the start of the test (see Table 3) was below 5% of the TC content and hence satisfied the validation criterion given in the OECD Test Guidelines.
The difference between the values for CO2 production at the end of the test for the replicate vessels was <20% and hence satisfied the validation criterion given in the OECD Test Guidelines
% Degradation
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- 56
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: not readily biodegradable
- Details on results:
- Inorganic carbon values for the test material, standard material, toxicity control and control vessels at each analysis occasion are given in Table 1. Percentage biodegradation values of the test and standard materials and the toxicity control are given in Table 2 and the biodegradation curves are presented in Figure 1 (see attached background material). Total and Inorganic Carbon values in the culture vessels on Day 0 are given in Table 3, and the results of the Dissolved Organic Carbon analyses performed on Days 0 and 28 are given in Table 4. The pH values of the test preparations on Day 28 are given in Table 5.
The total CO2 evolution in the control vessels on Day 28 was 35.51 mg/l and therefore satisfied the validation criterion given in the OECD Test Guidelines.
The IC content of the test material suspension in the mineral medium at the start of the test (see Table 3) was below 5% of the TC content and hence satisfied the validation criterion given in the OECD Test Guidelines.
The difference between the values for CO2 production at the end of the test for the replicate vessels was <20% and hence satisfied the validation criterion given in the OECD Test Guidelines.
Acidification of the test vessels on Day 28 followed by the final analyses on Day 29 was conducted according to the methods specified in the Test Guidelines. This acidification effectively kills the micro-organisms present and drives off any dissolved CO2 present in the test vessels. Therefore any additional CO2 detected in the Day 29 samples originated from dissolved CO2 that was present in the test vessels on Day 28 and hence the biodegradation value calculated from the Day 29 analyses is taken as being the final biodegradation value for the test material.
The results of the inorganic carbon analysis of samples from the first absorber vessels on Day 29 showed an increase in all replicate vessels. Inorganic carbon analysis of the samples from the second absorber vessels on Day 29 confirmed that no significant carry-over of CO2 into the second absorber vessels occurred.
The test material attained 56% degradation after 28 days and therefore cannot be considered to be readily biodegradable under the strict terms and conditions of OECD Guideline No 301B.
The toxicity control attained 41% degradation after 14 days and 73% degradation after 28 days thereby confirming that the test material was not toxic to the sewage treatment micro-organisms used in the test.
BOD5 / COD results
- Results with reference substance:
- Sodium benzoate attained 76% degradation after 14 days and 104% degradation after 28 days thereby confirming the suitability of the inoculum and test conditions. Degradation values in excess of 100% were considered to be due to sampling/analytical variation.
Analysis of the test media taken from the standard material culture vessels on Days 0 and 28 for Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), see Table 4, gave percentage degradation values of 98% for both Replicates R1 and R2.
Observations made throughout the test period (see Table 6) showed the contents of the control vessels to be light brown dispersions and the contents of the standard material vessels to be light brown dispersions with no undissolved standard material visible. The contents of the test material vessels were slightly cloudy dispersions with particles of test material on the surface and small particles dispersed throughout. The contents of the toxicity control vessel was a slightly cloudy dispersion with particles of test material on the surface and small particles dispersed throughout, no undissolved standard material was visible.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table1 Inorganic Carbon Values on Each Analysis Occasion
Day |
Control (mg IC) |
Sodium Benzoate (mg IC) |
Test Material (mg IC) |
Test Material |
||||||||||
R1 |
R2 |
R1 |
R2 |
R1 |
R2 |
R1 |
||||||||
Abs1 |
Abs 2 |
Abs 1 |
Abs 2 |
Abs 1 |
Abs 2 |
Abs 1 |
Abs 2 |
Abs 1 |
Abs 2 |
Abs 1 |
Abs 2 |
Abs 1 |
Abs 2 |
|
0 |
0.70 |
0.35 |
0.35 |
0.35 |
0.70 |
0.35 |
0.47 |
0.35 |
0.70 |
0.35 |
0.70 |
0.35 |
0.70 |
0.35 |
1 |
4.76 |
- |
1.39 |
- |
9.40 |
- |
4.87 |
- |
4.52 |
- |
4.52 |
- |
7.19 |
- |
2 |
11.42 |
- |
9.69 |
- |
19.72 |
- |
23.64 |
- |
8.30 |
- |
9.34 |
- |
12.69 |
- |
3 |
15.94 |
- |
11.01 |
- |
25.91 |
- |
24.54 |
- |
11.01 |
- |
10.66 |
- |
17.77 |
- |
6 |
15.05 |
- |
15.16 |
- |
28.84 |
- |
32.49 |
- |
13.57 |
- |
15.28 |
- |
29.07 |
- |
8 |
19.15 |
- |
21.42 |
- |
33.77 |
- |
40.80 |
- |
19.38 |
- |
20.63 |
- |
36.49 |
- |
10 |
21.74 |
- |
22.20 |
- |
38.31 |
- |
47.88 |
- |
23.10 |
- |
23.77 |
- |
42.36 |
- |
14 |
27.16 |
- |
25.72 |
- |
43.98 |
- |
54.33 |
- |
32.06 |
- |
29.39 |
- |
51.33 |
- |
16 |
28.44 |
- |
28.66 |
- |
50.35 |
- |
60.87 |
- |
37.96 |
- |
32.54 |
- |
62.19 |
- |
20 |
25.80 |
- |
26.13 |
- |
43.19 |
- |
56.96 |
- |
39.80 |
- |
34.44 |
- |
60.46 |
- |
22 |
27.60 |
- |
27.93 |
- |
45.10 |
- |
56.62 |
- |
43.58 |
- |
34.56 |
- |
66.72 |
- |
24 |
29.59 |
- |
29.16 |
- |
56.70 |
- |
61.78 |
- |
48.38 |
- |
37.04 |
- |
68.36 |
- |
27 |
27.69 |
- |
28.12 |
- |
54.31 |
- |
59.65 |
- |
45.30 |
- |
41.43 |
- |
71.06 |
- |
28 |
29.01 |
- |
29.12 |
- |
54.61 |
- |
60.16 |
- |
46.61 |
- |
44.05 |
- |
71.47 |
- |
29 |
30.00 |
2.44 |
30.31 |
2.44 |
59.89 |
3.02 |
62.33 |
2.09 |
48.55 |
2.32 |
45.58 |
2.44 |
73.88 |
2.44 |
Table2 Percentage Biodegradation Values
Day |
% Degradation Sodium Benzoate |
% Degradation Test Material |
% Degradation Test Material plus Sodium Benzoate Toxicity Control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
14 |
5 |
7 |
2 |
37 |
0 |
4 |
3 |
39 |
0 |
7 |
6 |
52 |
0 |
23 |
8 |
57 |
0 |
27 |
10 |
70 |
5 |
34 |
14 |
76 |
14 |
41 |
16 |
90 |
22 |
56 |
20 |
80 |
37 |
57 |
22 |
77 |
38 |
65 |
24 |
100 |
44 |
65 |
27 |
96 |
52 |
72 |
28 |
94 |
54 |
71 |
29* |
104 |
56 |
73 |
Table3 Total and Inorganic Carbon Values in the Culture Vessels on Day 0
Test vessel |
Total Carbon* (mg/l) |
Inorganic Carbon* (mg/l) |
IC Content (% of TC) |
Sodium Benzoate 10 mg C/lR1 |
10.18 |
0.17 |
2 |
Sodium Benzoate 10 mg C/l R2 |
10.07 |
0.04 |
0 |
Test Material 10 mg C/l R1 |
10.37** |
0.15 |
1 |
Test Material 10 mg C/l R2 |
9.94** |
-0.37 |
0 |
Test Material plus Sodium Benzoate Toxicity Control 20 mg C/l |
20.40** |
0.17 |
1 |
Table4 Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) Values in the Culture Vessels on Days 0 and 28
Test Vessel |
DOC*Concentration |
||||
Day 0 |
Day 28 |
||||
mg C/l |
% of Nominal Carbon Content |
mg C/l |
% of Initial Carbon Concentration |
% Degradation |
|
Sodium Benzoate 10 mg C/lR1 |
10.03 |
100 |
0.19 |
2 |
98 |
Sodium Benzoate 10 mg C/l R2 |
10.05 |
101 |
0.18 |
2 |
98 |
Table5 pH Values of the Test Preparations on Day 28
Test Vessel |
pH |
ControlR1 |
7.5 |
Control R2 |
7.5 |
Sodium Benzoate 10 mg C/l R1 |
7.5 |
Sodium Benzoate 10 mg C/l R2 |
7.5 |
Test Material 10 mg C/l R1 |
7.5 |
Test Material 10 mg C/l R2 |
7.5 |
Test Material plus Sodium Benzoate Toxicity Control 20 mg C/l |
7.5 |
Table6 Observations on the Test Preparations Throughout the Test Period
Test Vessel |
Observations on Test Preparations |
|||||
Day 0 |
Day 6 |
Day 13 |
Day 20 |
Day 27 |
||
Control |
R1 |
Light brown dispersion |
Light brown dispersion |
Light brown dispersion |
Light brown dispersion |
Light brown dispersion |
|
R2 |
Light brown dispersion |
Light brown dispersion |
Light brown dispersion |
Light brown dispersion |
Light brown dispersion |
Standard Material |
R1 |
Light brown dispersion, no undissolved standard material visible |
Light brown dispersion, no undissolved standard material visible |
Light brown dispersion, no undissolved standard material visible |
Light brown dispersion, no undissolved standard material visible |
Light brown dispersion, no undissolved standard material visible |
|
R2 |
Light brown dispersion, no undissolved standard material visible |
Light brown dispersion, no undissolved standard material visible |
Light brown dispersion, no undissolved standard material visible |
Light brown dispersion, no undissolved standard material visible |
Light brown dispersion, no undissolved standard material visible |
Test Material |
R1 |
Slightly cloudy dispersion, particles of test material on the surface and small particles dispersed throughout |
Slightly cloudy dispersion, particles of test material on the surface and small particles dispersed throughout |
Slightly cloudy dispersion, particles of test material on the surface and small particles dispersed throughout |
Slightly cloudy dispersion, particles of test material on the surface and small particles dispersed throughout |
Slightly cloudy dispersion, particles of test material on the surface and small particles dispersed throughout |
|
R2 |
Slightly cloudy dispersion, particles of test material on the surface and small particles dispersed throughout |
Slightly cloudy dispersion, particles of test material on the surface and small particles dispersed throughout |
Slightly cloudy dispersion, particles of test material on the surface and small particles dispersed throughout |
Slightly cloudy dispersion, particles of test material on the surface and small particles dispersed throughout |
Slightly cloudy dispersion, particles of test material on the surface and small particles dispersed throughout |
Toxicity Control |
|
Slightly cloudy dispersion, particles of test material on the surface and small particles dispersed throughout. No undissolved standard material visible |
Slightly cloudy dispersion, particles of test material on the surface and small particles dispersed throughout. No undissolved standard material visible |
Slightly cloudy dispersion, particles of test material on the surface and small particles dispersed throughout. No undissolved standard material visible |
Slightly cloudy dispersion, particles of test material on the surface and small particles dispersed throughout. No undissolved standard material visible |
Slightly cloudy dispersion, particles of test material on the surface and small particles dispersed throughout. No undissolved standard material visible |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- under test conditions no biodegradation observed
- Conclusions:
- The test material attained 56% degradation after 28 days and therefore cannot be considered to be readily biodegradable under the strict terms and conditions of OECD Guideline No 301B
- Executive summary:
Introduction.
A study was performed to assess the ready biodegradability of the test material in an aerobic aqueous medium. The method followed that described in the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals (1992) No 301B, "Ready Biodegradability; CO2Evolution Test" referenced as Method C.4-C of Commission Directive 92/69/EEC (which constitutes Annex V of Council Directive 67/548/EEC), and US EPA Fate, Transport, and Transformation Test Guidelines OPPTS 835.3110 Paragraph (m).
Methods.
The test material, at a concentration of 10 mg Carbon/l, was exposed to activated sewage sludge micro-organisms with culture medium in sealed culture vessels in the dark at approximately 21°C for 28 days.
The degradation of the test material was assessed by the determination of carbon dioxide produced. Control solutions with inoculum and the standard material, sodium benzoate, together with a toxicity control were used for validation purposes.
Results.
The test material attained 56% degradation after 28 days and therefore cannot be considered to be readily biodegradable under the strict terms and conditions of OECD Guideline No 301B.
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