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EC number: 205-861-8 | CAS number: 156-62-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2010-03-17 to 2010-07-27
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 010
- Report date:
- 2010
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD Guideline 437 (Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method (BCOP)), adopted 2009-09-07
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Calcium cyanamide
- EC Number:
- 205-861-8
- EC Name:
- Calcium cyanamide
- Cas Number:
- 156-62-7
- Molecular formula:
- CN2.Ca
- IUPAC Name:
- calcium cyanoazanediide
- Reference substance name:
- Calcium oxide
- EC Number:
- 215-138-9
- EC Name:
- Calcium oxide
- Cas Number:
- 1305-78-8
- Molecular formula:
- CaO
- IUPAC Name:
- oxocalcium
- Reference substance name:
- Carbon
- EC Number:
- 231-153-3
- EC Name:
- Carbon
- Cas Number:
- 7440-44-0
- Molecular formula:
- C
- IUPAC Name:
- carbon
- Reference substance name:
- Hematite (Fe2O3)
- EC Number:
- 215-275-4
- EC Name:
- Hematite (Fe2O3)
- Cas Number:
- 1317-60-8
- Molecular formula:
- Fe2O3
- IUPAC Name:
- diiron oxide
- Reference substance name:
- Urea
- EC Number:
- 200-315-5
- EC Name:
- Urea
- Cas Number:
- 57-13-6
- Molecular formula:
- CH4N2O
- IUPAC Name:
- urea
- Reference substance name:
- Silicon dioxide
- EC Number:
- 231-545-4
- EC Name:
- Silicon dioxide
- Cas Number:
- 7631-86-9
- Molecular formula:
- O2Si
- IUPAC Name:
- dioxosilane
- Reference substance name:
- Trisilicon tetranitride
- EC Number:
- 234-796-8
- EC Name:
- Trisilicon tetranitride
- Cas Number:
- 12033-89-5
- Molecular formula:
- N4Si3
- IUPAC Name:
- trisilicon tetranitride
- Reference substance name:
- Calcium dihydroxide
- EC Number:
- 215-137-3
- EC Name:
- Calcium dihydroxide
- Cas Number:
- 1305-62-0
- Molecular formula:
- CaH2O2
- IUPAC Name:
- calcium dihydroxide
- Reference substance name:
- Aluminium oxide
- EC Number:
- 215-691-6
- EC Name:
- Aluminium oxide
- Cas Number:
- 1344-28-1
- Molecular formula:
- Al2O3
- IUPAC Name:
- aluminium oxide
- Reference substance name:
- Cyanoguanidine
- EC Number:
- 207-312-8
- EC Name:
- Cyanoguanidine
- Cas Number:
- 461-58-5
- Molecular formula:
- C2H4N4
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-cyanoguanidine
- Reference substance name:
- Calcium acetylide
- EC Number:
- 200-848-3
- EC Name:
- Calcium acetylide
- Cas Number:
- 75-20-7
- Molecular formula:
- C2Ca
- IUPAC Name:
- calcium ethynediide
- Reference substance name:
- unknown
- IUPAC Name:
- unknown
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Details on test material:
- Kalkstickstoff (calcium cyanamide, technical grade)
Constituent 1
impurity 1
impurity 2
impurity 3
impurity 4
impurity 5
impurity 6
impurity 7
impurity 8
impurity 9
impurity 10
impurity 11
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- other: Bovine corneas
- Strain:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- isolated corneas from the eyes of cows and bulls aged between 18-20 month and free of macroscopic visible defects.
Supplier: Slaughterhouse Klaus Grandits, Ungerbachstr. 10, A-2860 Kirchschlag, Austria.
Test system
- Vehicle:
- water
- Controls:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 750 µL test substance were introduced into the anterior chamber through the dosing holes on the top surface of the chamber, and the holes were subsequently sealed during exposure (close-chamber method).
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- The corneas were exposed in a horizontal position for 4 hours while ensuring that the test substance adequately covered the epithelial surface. Incubation temperature, monitored with a min/max thermometer, was 30.9°C - 33.5°C.
- Observation period (in vivo):
- not applicable
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- Total of 9 corneas: 3 for the test substance, 3 for the negative control and 3 for the positive control
- Details on study design:
- Bovine corneas were isolated and mounted in cornea holders and equilibrated for one hour to achieve normal metabolic activity. After exclusion of corneas which did not achieve quality criteria, the corneas were distributed into groups (3 per group) and exposed to the test substance, the negative control and the positive control for 4 hours. Then the substances were removed and the corneas were accurately washed and the opacity and permeability of each cornea were recorded. Opacity was measured quantitatively with the aid of an opacimeter. Permeability was determined by the amount of sodium fluorescein dye that penetrated all cornea layers. For this purpose fluoresceine solution was filled into the anterior chambers of the cornea holders followed by an incubation period of 90 minutes. The amount of sodium fluoresceine that crossed into the posterior chambers was quantitatively measured with a spectrophotometer at OD490. Using opacity and permeability data an IVIS was calculated. The positive and negative control groups were simultaneously used for the concurrently performed studies.
Results and discussion
In vitro
Results
- Irritation parameter:
- in vitro irritation score
- Run / experiment:
- BCOP
- Value:
- 443.4
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- The negative and positive control substance values are valid.
The opacity value of "Calcium cyanamide" was 356.6, 15 x Permeability value was 86.835 which resulted in an IVIS of 443.4.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 1 (irreversible effects on the eye) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- The opacity value of calcium cyanamide was 356.6, 15 x Permeability value was 86.835 which resulted in an IVIS of 443.4. Thus calcium cyanamide is regarded to be an ocular corrosive or severe irritant according to the OECD Guideline 437 for the testing of chemical "Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability test Method for identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irritants".
- Executive summary:
The Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Study (BCOP Test Method) was performed to reveal possible ocular corrosivity and severe irritation of calcium cyanamide.
Fresh isolated and quality checked corneas were mounted in cornea holders and the initial opacity was determined. After equilibration 750 µL of the test substance preparation were topically administered to 3 isolated bovine corneas to the epithelial surfaces for 4 h and the final opacity was measured. Then 1 mL of a fluorescein solution was added on the epithelial site and permeability was measured after 90 minutes.
Two groups of 3 corneas each served as positive and negative controls. Both control substances were administered under identical conditions as the test substance. The following solutions served as control substances (negative control: sterile aqua dest., positive control: 20% imidazole). Finally the IVIS (in Vitro Irritancy Score) was calculated as follows: IVIS = mean opacity value + (15 x permeability).
The opacity and mean permeability values were corrected for background opacity and the negative control permeability values. The mean opacity value results from subtraction of final opacity from initial opacity. A substance that induces an IVIS >= 55.1 is defined as ocular corrosive or severe irritant.
The IVIS for calcium cyanamide was 443.4. IVIS of the negative control was 4.9 and for the positive control 123.7, thus demonstration validity of the experiment. According to the results of this study and the OECD Guideline 437, the test substance calcium cyanamide is considered to be an ocular corrosive or severe irritant.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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