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EC number: 205-861-8 | CAS number: 156-62-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to terrestrial plants
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- Justification for read-across for ecotoxicological endpoints:
Environmental fate and exposure are critical factors when assessing environmental risk. Calcium cyanamide is formulated in a slowly dissolving granule (PERLKA) that is applied to agricultural fields as a fertiliser. When dissolved, calcium cyanamide is rapidly converted to (hydrogen) cyanamide. These two substances are similar both in chemical structure and regarding fate in the environment. Cyanamide is the environmentally relevant transformation product upon application of calcium cyanamide (PERLKA) to soil as a fertiliser. Therefore, terrestrial data on cyanamide are considered in the hazard assessment of calcium cyanamide.
For detailled description where read across is used/recommended and where it is preferrable to refain from read across, please see section 13.2 "read across justification for environmental endpoints" and "Scientific rationale for not using cyanamide as read-across substance for calcium cyanamide on toxicological endpoints" - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Species:
- Brassica rapa
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 50 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: shoot dry mass
- Species:
- Brassica rapa
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: shoot fresh mass
- Species:
- Brassica rapa
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh mass of inflorescences /seed pods
- Species:
- Brassica rapa
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: dry mass of inflorecences / seed pods
- Species:
- Brassica rapa
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: number of inflorescences /seed pods
- Species:
- Brassica rapa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 50 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: shoot fresh mass
- Species:
- Brassica rapa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: number of inflorescences/flowers
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 39 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 50 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: shoot fresh mass
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 39 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 50 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: shoot dry mass
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 39 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 50 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh mass of inforescences / seed pods
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 39 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: dry mass of inflorecences /seed pods
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 39 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 50 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: number of inflorescences / seed pods
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 50 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: shoot fresh mass
- Details on results:
- PHYTOTOXICITY RATING SYSTEM:
Avena sativa and Brassica rapa: Until the end of the test no plant had died nor exhibited visible phytotoxic effects such as e.g. chlorosis, necrosis, wilting, leaf and stem deformations greater than normal variation in growth and morphology. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- A test with a reference substance was not performed
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The R/S test was used to check normal distribution. Homogeneity of the variances was analysed using the Cochran´s test. To determine the No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) and the Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) a Williams’ test (p<0.05, two sided) or, if homogeneity of variance was denied, a Bonferroni-Welch t-test was performed.
All statistical evaluations were performed using the ToxRat software Version 2.09 (ToxRat Solutions GmbH, 2006). - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Due to a lack of a dose-response relationship between the test item concentrations and the observed effects on the respective endpoints, ECx values could not be calculated. The EC50, however, can nevertheless to be deduced to be >100 mg a.s./kg soil dry mass.
The test item did not reduce the biomass or number of inflorescences or seed pods at any of the tested concentrations up to and including 100 mg a.s./kg soil dry mass for either of the two test species, B. rapa and A. sativa.
Based on the assumption that only a reduction in biomass or number of flowers/seed pods is an ecological adverse effect, the no observed adverse effect concentration (NOAEC) derived from the chronic plant test is ≥100 mg a.s./kg soil dry mass.
Justification for read-across for ecotoxicological endpoints:
Environmental fate and exposure are critical factors when assessing environmental risk. Calcium cyanamide is formulated in a slowly dissolving granule (PERLKA) that is applied to agricultural fields as a fertiliser. When dissolved, calcium cyanamide is rapidly converted to (hydrogen) cyanamide. These two substances are similar both in chemical structure and regarding fate in the environment. Cyanamide is the environmentally relevant transformation product upon application of calcium cyanamide (PERLKA) to soil as a fertiliser. Therefore, terrestrial data on cyanamide are considered in the hazard assessment of calcium cyanamide.
For detailled description where read across is used/recommended and where it is preferrable to refain from read across, please see section 13.2 "read across justification for environmental endpoints" and "Scientific rationale for not using cyanamide as read-across substance for calcium cyanamide on toxicological endpoints" - Executive summary:
Materials and methods:
Seedling emergence, growth and reproduction were analysed on the two species Avena sativa and Brassica rapa according to ISO 22030 (2005): "Soil Quality – Biological methods – Chronic Toxicity in Higher Plants".
Results and discussion:
The validity criteria defined by the guideline have been fulfilled.
- The seedling emergence is at least 75% (mean value of all replicates): yes, the emergence rate was 100% for both species
- Healthy plants developed: Plants did not show poor growth or etiolate and flowers appeared during the first three weeks (rapid cycling B. rapa) or eight weeks, respectively (A. sativa): yes
- No more than one plant per vessel died during the test: yes, none of the plants died
Emergence rates of A. sativa and B. rapa for all treatments and for the control were ≥ 96% and ≥ 98%, respectively. No plant died during the test and no plant exhibited visible phytotoxic effects greater than normal variation in growth and morphology.
Shoot fresh mass of A. sativa on day 14 was significantly increased at 100 mg a.s./kg soil dry mass (dm). The NOEC was 50 mg a.s./kg soil dm.
On day 39 the number of inflorescences of A. sativa was significantly increased at 100 mg a.s./kg soil dm. The fresh mass of inflorescences was significantly increased at 100 mg a.s./kg soil dm. Shoot biomass (fresh and dry) was significantly increased at 100 mg a.s./kg soil dm.
For A. sativa, the lowest NOEC was 50 mg a.s./kg soil dm (increase of shoot fresh mass on day 14 and day 39).
ECx values could not be computed due to a lack of a dose-response relationship, the EC50, however, appears to be > 100 mg a.s./kg soil dry mass.
Shoot fresh mass of B. rapa on day 14 of the test was significantly increased compared to the control in treatment 100 mg a.s./kg soil dm. NOECs for shoot fresh mass and number of flowers were 50 mg and ≥ 100 mg a.s./kg soil dm, respectively.
On day 28 shoot dry weight of B. rapa was significantly increased at 100 mg a.s./kg soil dm. No effects were observed for shoot fresh weight, and for the fresh and dry weight of seed pods of B. rapa.
The lowest NOEC for B. rapa was 50 mg a.s./kg soil (increase of shoot fresh weight on day 14 and dry weight on day 28).
ECx values could not be computed due to a lack of a dose-response relationship, the EC50, however, can nevertheless to be deduced to be > 100 mg a.s./kg soil dry mass.
Based on the assumption that only a reduction in biomass or number of flowers/seed pods is an ecological adverse effect, the no observed adverse effect concentration (NOAEC) derived from the chronic plant test is ≥ 100 mg a.s./kg soil dry mass.
This information is used in a read-across approach in the assessment of the target substance.
For detailled description where read across is used/recommended and where it is preferrable to refain from read across, please see section 13.2 "read across justification for environmental endpoints" and "Scientific rationale for not using cyanamide as read-across substance for calcium cyanamide on toxicological endpoints"
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: short-term
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- Justification for read-across for ecotoxicological endpoints:
Environmental fate and exposure are critical factors when assessing environmental risk. Calcium cyanamide is formulated in a slowly dissolving granule (PERLKA) that is applied to agricultural fields as a fertiliser. When dissolved, calcium cyanamide is rapidly converted to (hydrogen) cyanamide. These two substances are similar both in chemical structure and regarding fate in the environment. Cyanamide is the environmentally relevant transformation product upon application of calcium cyanamide (PERLKA) to soil as a fertiliser. Therefore, terrestrial data on cyanamide are considered in the hazard assessment of calcium cyanamide.
For detailled description where read across is used/recommended and where it is preferrable to refain from read across, please see section 13.2 "read across justification for environmental endpoints" and "Scientific rationale for not using cyanamide as read-across substance for calcium cyanamide on toxicological endpoints" - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Key result
- Species:
- Allium cepa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.722 kg/ha
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: shoot dry weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: The most sensitive plant was Allium cepa, therefore this result is presented in the results field
- Key result
- Species:
- Allium cepa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- < 0.125 kg/ha
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: shoot dry weight
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 32 kg/ha
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: shoot dry weight
- Species:
- Brassica oleracea var. capitata
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- < 0.125 kg/ha
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: shoot dry weight
- Species:
- Lycopersicon esculentum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 8 kg/ha
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: shoot dry weight
- Species:
- Cucumis sativus
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 2 kg/ha
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: shoot dry weight
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 8 kg/ha
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: shoot dry weight
- Species:
- Daucus carota
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.5 kg/ha
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: shoot dry weight
- Species:
- Zea mays
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 32 kg/ha
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: shoot dry weight
- Species:
- Lolium perenne
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 32 kg/ha
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: shoot dry weight
- Details on results:
- The most sensitive endpoint in this study was shoot dry weight. The most sensitive plant was Allium cepa with an EC50 value of 1.722 kg cyanamide L 500/ha when applied directly to the soil.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- No positive control
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Not indicated
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The most sensitive endpoint in this study was shoot dry weight. The most sensitive plant was Allium cepa with an EC50 value of 1.722 kg cyanamide L 500/ha when applied directly to the soil and a NOEC of <0.125 kg cyanamide L 500/ha.
Justification for read-across for ecotoxicological endpoints:
Environmental fate and exposure are critical factors when assessing environmental risk. Calcium cyanamide is formulated in a slowly dissolving granule (PERLKA) that is applied to agricultural fields as a fertiliser. When dissolved, calcium cyanamide is rapidly converted to (hydrogen) cyanamide. These two substances are similar both in chemical structure and regarding fate in the environment. Cyanamide is the environmentally relevant transformation product upon application of calcium cyanamide (PERLKA) to soil as a fertiliser. Therefore, terrestrial data on cyanamide are considered in the hazard assessment of calcium cyanamide.
For detailled description where read across is used/recommended and where it is preferrable to refain from read across, please see section 13.2 "read across justification for environmental endpoints" and "Scientific rationale for not using cyanamide as read-across substance for calcium cyanamide on toxicological endpoints" - Executive summary:
The study was conducted following the accepted test guideline OPPTS 850.4250 (1996): Seedling emergence Tier II and in accordance with GLP
Non-target terrestrial plant response to formulated cyanamide product, a 50.6 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide, was evaluated on 9 common plant species at the following dose levels: 0.125, 0.5, 2.0, 8.0 and 32.0 kg cyanamide L 500/ha, corresponding to 0.063, 0.253, 1.01, 4.05 and 16.19 kg ai/ha.
Effects on seedling emergence and early growth following soil surface application were assessed. The most sensitive endpoint in this study was shoot dry weight. The most sensitive plant was Allium cepa with an EC50 value of 1.722 kg cyanamide L 500/ha when applied directly to the soil and a NOEC of <0.125 kg cyanamide L 500/ha.
This information is used in a read-across approach in the assessment of the target substance.
For detailled description where read across is used/recommended and where it is preferrable to refain from read across, please see section 13.2 "read across justification for environmental endpoints" and "Scientific rationale for not using cyanamide as read-across substance for calcium cyanamide on toxicological endpoints"
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: short-term
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Justification for type of information:
- Justification for read-across for ecotoxicological endpoints:
Environmental fate and exposure are critical factors when assessing environmental risk. Calcium cyanamide is formulated in a slowly dissolving granule (PERLKA) that is applied to agricultural fields as a fertiliser. When dissolved, calcium cyanamide is rapidly converted to (hydrogen) cyanamide. These two substances are similar both in chemical structure and regarding fate in the environment. Cyanamide is the environmentally relevant transformation product upon application of calcium cyanamide (PERLKA) to soil as a fertiliser. Therefore, terrestrial data on cyanamide are considered in the hazard assessment of calcium cyanamide.
For detailled description where read across is used/recommended and where it is preferrable to refain from read across, please see section 13.2 "read across justification for environmental endpoints" and "Scientific rationale for not using cyanamide as read-across substance for calcium cyanamide on toxicological endpoints" - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Key result
- Species:
- Lycopersicon esculentum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 33.2 kg/ha
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: shoot dry weight and shoot height
- Remarks on result:
- other: The most sensitive plant was Lycopersicon esculentum, therefore this result is presented in the results field
- Key result
- Species:
- Lycopersicon esculentum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- < 2 kg/ha
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: shoot dry weight
- Species:
- Cucumis sativus
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 4 kg/ha
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: shoot dry weight
- Species:
- Glycine max (G. soja)
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 8 kg/ha
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: shoot dry weight
- Species:
- Zea mays
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 16 kg/ha
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: shoot dry weight
- Species:
- Brassica oleracea var. capitata
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 32 kg/ha
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: shoot dry weight
- Species:
- Allium cepa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 16 kg/ha
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: shoot dry weight
- Details on results:
- The most sensitive endpoint in this study was shoot dry weight for all species. The most sensitive species tested was tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). The EC50-value for tomato is about 33.2 kg Cyanamid L500/ha which is far above the maximum recommended application rate of 20 kg Cyanamid L500/ha.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- No positive control
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Not indicated
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The most sensitive endpoint in this study was shoot dry weight for all species. The most sensitive species tested was tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). The EC50-value for tomato is about 33.2 kg Cyanamid L500/ha which is far above the maximum recommended application rate of 20 kg Cyanamid L500/ha.
Justification for read-across for ecotoxicological endpoints:
Environmental fate and exposure are critical factors when assessing environmental risk. Calcium cyanamide is formulated in a slowly dissolving granule (PERLKA) that is applied to agricultural fields as a fertiliser. When dissolved, calcium cyanamide is rapidly converted to (hydrogen) cyanamide. These two substances are similar both in chemical structure and regarding fate in the environment. Cyanamide is the environmentally relevant transformation product upon application of calcium cyanamide (PERLKA) to soil as a fertiliser. Therefore, terrestrial data on cyanamide are considered in the hazard assessment of calcium cyanamide.
For detailled description where read across is used/recommended and where it is preferrable to refain from read across, please see section 13.2 "read across justification for environmental endpoints" and "Scientific rationale for not using cyanamide as read-across substance for calcium cyanamide on toxicological endpoints" - Executive summary:
The study was conducted following the accepted test guideline OPPTS 850.4250 (1996): Vegetative vigour dose response test according to GLP.
Non-target terrestrial plant response to formulated cyanamide product, a 50.6 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide, was evaluated on 7 common plant species at the following dose levels: 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 16.0, 32.0 and 64.0 kg Cyanamid L500/ha, corresponding to 1.012, 2.02, 4.05, 8.1, 16.19 and 32.38 kg ai/ha. Effects on vegetative vigour and growth following foliar application were assessed.
The most sensitive endpoint in this study was shoot dry weight for all species. The most sensitive species tested was tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). The EC50-value for tomato is about 33.2 kg Cyanamid L500/ha which is far above the maximum recommended application rate of 20 kg Cyanamid L500/ha.
This information is used in a read-across approach in the assessment of the target substance.
For detailled description where read across is used/recommended and where it is preferrable to refain from read across, please see section 13.2 "read across justification for environmental endpoints" and "Scientific rationale for not using cyanamide as read-across substance for calcium cyanamide on toxicological endpoints"
Referenceopen allclose all
Figures for emergence rates and figures for shoot fresh and dry mass, number of inflorescences, inflorescences fresh and dry mass, number of flowers, number of seed pods, seed pods fresh and dry mass are presented in tables 2 - 5 in the attached document.
A summary of NOEC values is given in table 6 (please see attachment).
ECx values and a resulting dose-response curve could not be computed due to a lack of a dose-response relationship.
Other effects were not observed.
Effects of Cyanamide L 500 on seedling emergence following a soil surface application:
Plant |
Genus (Species) |
NOEC (kg/ha) |
EC50 (kg/ha) |
Most sensitive parameter |
Monocotyledone |
||||
Corn |
Zea mays |
32 |
> 32a |
Shoot dry weight as well as shoot height |
Oat |
Avena sativa |
32 |
> 32a |
Shoot dry weight as well as shoot height |
Onion |
Allium cepa |
<0.125 |
1.722 |
Shoot dry weight |
Perennial rye grass |
Lolium perenne |
32 |
> 32a |
Shoot dry weight |
Dicotyledone |
||||
Cabbage |
Brassica oleracea |
<0.125 |
6.08 |
Shoot dry weight |
Carrot |
Daucus carota |
0.5 |
>32 |
Shoot height |
Cucumber |
Cucumis sativus |
2 |
>32 |
Shoot height |
Lettuce |
Lactuca sativa |
8 |
>32 |
Shoot dry weight |
Tomato |
Lycopersicon esculentum |
8 |
18.42 |
Shoot dry weight |
Effects of Cyanamid L500 on vegetative vigour (foliar application): Shoot dry weight
Plant |
Genus Species |
NOEL |
EC50 |
Endpoint |
Monocotyledone |
||||
Corn |
Zea mays |
16 |
60 |
Shoot dry weight |
Onion |
Allium cepa |
16 |
158 |
Shoot dry weight |
Dicotyledone |
||||
Cabbage |
Brassica oleracea |
32 |
59.00 |
Shoot dry weight |
Cucumber |
Cucumis sativus |
4.00 |
22.0 |
Shoot dry weight |
Lettuce |
Lactuca sativa |
8.0 |
30.00 |
Shoot dry weight |
Soy bean |
Glycine max |
16.00 |
35.00 |
Shoot dry weight |
Tomato |
Lycopersicon esculentum |
< 2.0 |
7.00 |
Shoot dry weight |
Effects of Cyanamid L500 on vegetative vigour (foliar application): Shoot height
Plant |
Genus Species |
NOEL |
EC50 |
Endpoint |
Monocotyledone |
||||
Corn |
Zea mays |
32.00 |
> 64a |
Shoot height |
Onion |
Allium cepa |
16 |
3423.47 |
Shoot height |
Dicotyledone |
||||
Cabbage |
Brassica oleracea |
> 64 |
> 64a |
Shoot height |
Cucumber |
Cucumis sativus |
8.0 |
31.3 |
Shoot height |
Lettuce |
Lactuca sativa |
> 32 |
> 32a |
Shoot height |
Soy bean |
Glycine max |
32 |
> 64a |
Shoot height |
Tomato |
Lycopersicon esculentum |
8 |
33.2 |
Shoot height |
Description of key information
In the absence of data for calcium cyanamide information on the read-across substance cyanamide is considered in the hazard assessment. (For justification of read-across for environmental endpoints please refer to the document in IUCLID section 13).
Two studies examined the effects of cyanamide on non-target plants, a seedling emergence Tier 2 (LR50) test (Meister, 2001a) and vegetative vigour Tier 2 (LR50) test (Meister, 2001b). In both studies the most sensitive endpoint was shoot dry weight. The most sensitive species in the seedling emergence test was Allium cepa with a EC50 value of 1.722 kg Cyanamid L500/ha (corresponds to 0.87 kg ai/ha). In the vegetative vigour test the most sensitive species was tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) with a EC50 of 33.2 kg cyanamide L 500/ha (corresponds to 16.8 kg a.i./ha).
In a long-term toxicity test according to ISO 22030 (2005) the no observed adverse effect concentration (NOAEC) in Avena sativa and Brassica rapa for the endpoints biomass and number of inflorescences per seed pod is ≥ 100 mg a.s./kg soil dry mass (Förster, 2009).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for terrestrial plants:
- 100 mg/kg soil dw
Additional information
Environmental fate and exposure are critical factors when assessing environmental risk. Calcium cyanamide is formulated in a slowly dissolving granule (PERLKA) that is applied to agricultural fields as a fertiliser. When dissolved calcium cyanamide is rapidly converted to (hydrogen) cyanamide. These two substances are similar in both chemical structure and fate in the environment. Cyanamide is the environmentally relevant transformation product upon application of calcium cyanamide (PERLKA) to soil as a fertiliser. Therefore, terrestrial data on cyanamide are considered in the hazard assessment of calcium cyanamide.
However, the slow dissolution kinetics of commercially formulated granules (PERLKA) will have a significant effect on cyanamide exposure in the terrestrial environmental compartment, in addition to application frequency and loading.
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