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EC number: 416-900-5 | CAS number: 79723-02-7 TMAP
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Adsorption / desorption
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
The Koc of read-across candidates TMAH pentahydrate and TMAC was determined in three different soils, in accordance with OECD guideline 106 and GLP (see read-across justification in IUCLID section 13)
The Koc value of TMAH pentahydrate was 87, 585 and 1017 in three different soils (mean Koc 563).
The Koc value of TMAC was 92, 567 and 979 in three different soils (mean Koc 546).
The mean Koc value of TMAH and TMAC was 555.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Koc at 20 °C:
- 555
Additional information
When TMHP is dissolved, it will dissociate completely in a tetramethylammonium cation and a phtalate anion.
There are three relevant studies available:
Else et al. (1994) carried out an OECD 106 study with TMHP, but since the analytical measurements were most likely carried out for the phtalate anion only, the results are considered representative for the phtalate anion.
Brands (2013a,b) carried out OECD106 studies with TMAH pentahydrate and TMAC which can be regarded as representative for the tetramethylammonium cation. The mean Koc values (for 3 tested soil types) were 563 and 546forTMAH pentahydrate and TMAC, respectively. The fact that these values do not differ significantly indicates that the different anions (hydroxide and chloride) did not influence the adsorption.
The L(E)C50 values of TMHP are significantly lower than those of phtalic acid (which has L(E)C50 values to fish, daphnia and algae that are all > 100 mg/L, source: OECD SIAR, 2001). Therefore the tetramethylammonium cation is considered to be relevant for the environmental risk of TMHP and the mean Koc value of the studies of Brands (2013) with TMAH and TMAC of 555 is considered to be the key value for CSA.
Else et al. (1994) (TMHP):
The Koc of TMHP was 11, 62 and 154 in three different soils respectively. The average Koc value is 76.
The study was carried out in accordance with OECD guideline 106 (1981) and GLP. Insufficient validation details (such as the identity of the analyte, linearity, LOD and recovery) of the analytical method are included in the report. The reviewer determined that the measured concentration in the controls containing test solution with no soil (after 48 hours) are within 90-110 % of the nominal concentration of 8.22 mg/L which indicates that the test substance was stable during the test, did not adsorb at the test system and the recovery of the analytical method was sufficient.
The phtalate moiety contains an aromatic ring and therefore in principle shows significant UV absorption. The TMA does not contain any bonds which will show significant UV absorption. Furthermore, as the mobile phase of the HPLC method contains TBA (tetrabutylammonium), these substances will not influence the detector signal. The HPLC chromatogram of the standard solution shows one peak which therefore most probably results from the phtalate moiety. The tetramethylammonium cation is expected to have a higher adsorption due to the fact that clay compounds in the soil have a negative charge. Therefore, the test is considered to be only representative for the phtalate ion and a reliability 2 was assigned. Together with representative results for the tetramethylammonium ion, which can be obtained from studies with TMAH pentahydrate and TMAC (Brands, 2013a,b), it provides sufficient information with respect to adsorption.
Brands(2013a) (TMAH pentahydrate):
The adsorption behavior of TMAH pentahydrate was studied in three different soils, including a loamy sand (Speyer 2.2 soil; %oc 1.87), a sandy loam (Speyer 2.3 soil; %oc 0.94) and a clay soil (Speyer 6S soil; %oc 1.64).
Adsorption kinetics were determined at an initial TMAH pentahydrate concentration of approximately 10 mg/L. A rapid increase of the adsorption of TMAH pentahydrate to the soils in the first 3 hours contact time was observed for all three soils. The adsorption plateau was reached after 24 hours for all three soils.
Adsorption isotherms were determined over a TMAH pentahydrate concentration range of 0.25 – 25 mg/L and a contact time of 24 hours. TMAH pentahydrate adsorption isotherms could be described by the Freundlich equation. KFoc was determined to be 87.3 (1/n=0.84) , 585 (1/n=0.64) and 1017 (1/n=0.77) mL/g for the soil Speyer 2.2, Speyer 2.3 and Speyer 6S, respectively. The mean Koc for the three soils was 563 mL/g.
The study is classified as reliable without restrictions according to OECD Guideline 106.
Brands (2013b)(TMAC):
The adsorption behavior of TMAC was studied in three different soils, including a loamy sand (Speyer 2.2 soil; %oc 1.87), a sandy loam (Speyer 2.3 soil; %oc 0.94) and a clay soil (Speyer 6S soil; %oc 1.64).
Adsorption kinetics were determined at an initial TMAC concentration of approximately 10 mg/L. A rapid increase of the adsorption of TMAC to the soils in the first 3 hours contact time was observed for all three soils. The adsorption plateau was reached after 3 hours for all three soils.
Adsorption isotherms were determined over a TMAC concentration range of 0.25 - 25 mg/L and a contact time of 24 hours. TMAC adsorption isotherms could be described by the Freundlich equation. KFoc was determined to be 91.5 (1/n=0.82) , 567 (1/n=0.64) and 979 (1/n=0.78) mL/g for the soil Speyer 2.2, Speyer 2.3 and Speyer 6S, respectively. The mean Koc for the three soils was 546 mL/g.
The study is classified as reliable without restrictions according to OECD Guideline 106.
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